1. Author: Demorest, Marilyn E.; Bernstein, Lynne E. Affiliation: U Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, US. Title: Sources of variability in speechreading sentences: A generalizability analysis. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Aug, v35 (n4):876-891. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Sentences. Statistical Analysis. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Sources of variability in speechreading sentences, 16-37 yr olds, application of generalizability analysis. Abstract: Generalizability theory was used to estimate the percentage of variance explained by 3 sources of variability in speechreading sentences: the subject, the talker, and the sentence materials. Videodisc recordings of the 100 CID Everyday Sentences spoken by a male and a female talker were presented to 104 university students. For performance on individual sentences (total number of words correct), the most important systematic sources of variability were the sentence (26.3%), the speechreader (10.5%), the talker (4.9%), and the interaction of talker and sentence (50.1%). Residual error accounted for 51.2% of the variance. Generalizability functions are presented as a function of test length for 5 models of test administration and interpretation. For 10-, 50-, and 100-item lists, generalizability is predicted to be .70, .92, and .96, respectively, for a single talker. Psychometric characteristics of the recordings of the CID sentences are presented. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: Bernstein, Lynne E.; Demorest, Marilyn E.; Coulter, David C.; O'Connell, Michael P. Affiliation: Gallaudet U, Ctr for Auditory & Speech Sciences, Washington, DC, US. Title: "Lipreading sentences with vibrotactile vocoders: Performance of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects": Erratum. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Mar, v91 (n3):1772. References. Language: English. Pub type: Errata. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Partially Hearing Impaired. Lipreading. Vibrators (Apparatus). Medical Therapeutic Devices. Errata. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Lipreading sentences with vibrotactile vocoders, normal vs severely or profoundly hearing impaired 23-41 yr olds, erratum. Abstract: Reports an error in the original article by L. E. Bernstein et al ( Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991(Dec), Vol 90(6), 2971-2984). A footnote that was erroneously deleted during initial publication is presented. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in PA, Vol 79:28874.) Demonstrated similar transmission of vibrotactile speech information by the Gallaudet University linear (GULIN) vocoder and the Central Institute for the Deaf linear (CIDLIN) and logarithmic (CIDLOG) vocoders, when word-initial and word-final consonants were identified in tactile-only, forced-choice identifications. Significant differences emerged when Subjects performed an open-set TV sentence identification. Only Subjects using the GULIN vocoder achieved significantly enhanced lipreading of sentences. Extraction of information from the CIDLIN and CIDLOG vocoders might require more focused attention that is not possible when Subjects are required to lipread sentences. Subjects were assigned to 1 of the 3 vocoders or to a visual-only control group and included 9 normal-hearing and 4 severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: Bernstein, Lynne E.; Demorest, Marilyn E.; Coulter, David C.; O'Connell, Michael P. Affiliation: Gallaudet U, Ctr for Auditory & Speech Sciences, Washington, DC, US. Title: Lipreading sentences with vibrotactile vocoders: Performance of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991 Dec, v90 (n6):2971-2984. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Partially Hearing Impaired. Lipreading. Vibrators (Apparatus). Medical Therapeutic Devices. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Lipreading sentences with vibrotactile vocoders, normal hearing vs severely or profoundly hearing impaired 23-41 yr olds. Abstract: Demonstrated similar transmission of vibrotactile speech information by the Gaulladet University linear (GULIN) vocoder and the Central Institute for the Deaf linear (CIDLIN) and logarithmic (CIDLOG) vocoders when word-initial and word-final consonants were identified in tactile-only, forced-choice identifications. Significant differences emerged when Subjects performed an open-set TV sentence identification. Only Subjects using the GULIN vocoder achieved significantly enhanced lipreading of sentences. Extraction of information from the CIDLIN and CIDLOG vocoders might require more focused attention that is not possible when Subjects are required to lipread sentences. Subjects were assigned to 1 of the 3 vocoders or to a visual-only control group and included 9 normal-hearing and 4 severely or profoundly hearing-impaired adults. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 4. Author: Demorest, Marilyn E.; Bernstein, Lynne E. Affiliation: U Maryland-Baltimore County, US. Title: Computational explorations of speechreading. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1991, v24:97-111. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cognitive Processes. Lipreading. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Computational approach to description of speechreading performance, normal hearing adults. Abstract: Presents a computational approach to describing speechreading performance, using a database obtained from 139 Subjects with normal hearing who viewed videodisc recordings of the CID Everyday Sentences (H. Davis and S. R. Silverman, 1970) spoken by a male and a female talker. Four methods of scoring were employed: sentences correct, words correct, phonemes correct, and a measure of visual distance between the stimulus and response. The latter 2 measures were based on a sequence comparator that aligns stimulus and response phonemes to permit phonemic scoring of sentences. New techniques for describing normative performance on individual sentences are presented (sentence histograms, response distributions, and a response uncertainty function) and the 4 measures of Subjects' performance are compared. The usefulness of the descriptive methods for suggesting hypotheses about perceptual and cognitive processes in speechreading is also illustrated. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Bernstein, Lynne E.; Eberhardt, Silvio P.; Demorest, Marilyn E. Affiliation: Gallaudet U, Ctr for Auditory & Speech Sciences, Washington, DC, US. Title: Single-channel vibrotactile supplements to visual perception of intonation and stress. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989 Jan, v85 (n1):397-405. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tactual Perception. Tactual Stimulation. Visual Perception. Oral Communication. Intersensory Processes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vibrotactile transformations of sentence intonation & contrastive stress, visual vs visual tactile perception, adults. Abstract: Explored in 2 experiments the effectiveness of a single vibrotactile stimulator to transform and convey intonation (question vs statement) and contrastive stress (on 1 of the 1st 3 words of 4 4- or 5-word sentences) in 6 normal-hearing, normal-vision Subjects. Findings indicate that in the visual-alone vs visual-tactile perception experiment, benefits to speechreading were significant but small, and stress appeared to be more visible than intonation. In the tactile-alone perception experiment, significant differences emerged among the transformations, with larger differences for intonation than for stress judgments. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. Author: Bernstein, Lynne E.; Stark, Rachel E. Affiliation: Johns Hopkins U. Title: Speech perception development in language-impaired children: A 4-year follow-up study. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1985 Feb, v50 (n1):21-30. 40 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Speech Development. Language Disorders. Followup Studies. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech perception & language ability, normal vs language impaired 8-12 yr olds, 4-yr followup. Abstract: 29 8-12 yr old specifically language-impaired (SLI) Subjects were compared with a matched group of 14 9-11 yr old non-SLI Subjects (i.e., children displaying normal language) on tests of speech perception and language ability, administered longitudinally at times separated by an interval of 4 yrs. Ages given are at Test Time (TT) 2. At TT 1, language age and MA (WISC--R or WPPSI) were determined. At TT 2, Subjects were administered the WISC--R, the PPVT, the DeRenzi Token Test, the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, the Templin-Darley Test of Articulation, subtests of the Gates-McGinitie Reading Tests, and a naming test. At TT 1, the groups differed significantly in discrimination, sequencing, and rate processing of and serial memory for synthesized /ba/ and /da/ stimuli. Age effects were also observed among both groups of Subjects at TT 1. That is, performance improved as a function of increased age. At TT 2, performance was at or near ceiling for Subjects in both groups, indicating that perceptual development occurred in both groups. Findings do not support the hypothesis that perceptual deficits play a causal role in specific language impairment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 7. Author: Stark, Rachel E.; Bernstein, Lynne E. Affiliation: John F. Kennedy Inst, Div of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Baltimore, MD. Title: Evaluating central auditory processing in children. Source: Topics in Language Disorders, 1984 Jun, v4 (n3):57-70. 51 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Speech Perception. Audiometry. Language Disorders. Listening Comprehension. Speech and Hearing Measures. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Audiometric tests & procedures, assessment of speech & sound perception & diagnosis of language disorders, normal & hearing-impaired children. Abstract: Suggests that central auditory processing refers most frequently to psychologically and behaviorally defined phenomena measured in relation to an auditory signal. Behaviorally defined operations in normal and language-disordered children that relate primarily to speech processing and to the comprehension of speech are emphasized. Several existing clinical tests of speech perception that have as their goal assessment of speech sound discrimination and auditory memory for speech materials are listed. They derive from efforts to diagnose language disorders in normal-hearing children and to evaluate the performance of hearing aids in hearing-impaired children. Experimental procedures for assessing speech perception have been developed to avoid using words or sentence materials that may tap linguistic abilities rather than speech perception abilities. These may use nonsense syllable pairs, computer-generated syllables, or altered real-speech syllables, varying specific acoustic properties in systematic ways. Evidence from these procedures does not rule out a causal relationship between speech perception and development of language comprehension. However, it is possible that both speech perception abilities and language comprehension relate to other variables not yet well understood. It is concluded that more sophisticated procedures for assessing speech perception in children are required. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 8. Author: Bernstein, Lynne E. Affiliation: J. F. Kennedy Inst, Div of Hearing & Speech, Baltimore, MD. Title: Perceptual development for labeling words varying in voice onset time and fundamental frequency. Source: Journal of Phonetics, 1983 Oct, v11 (n4):383-393. 34 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Perceptual Development. Childhood. Adulthood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Voice onset time & level of fundamental frequency, labeling words, 4 vs 6 yr olds vs adults. Abstract: Tested whether 6 4-yr-olds and 6 6-yr-olds would make use of the relative level of fundamental frequency (FO) at voicing onset in labeling words that differ in voice onset time (VOT). Subjects were tested for normal hearing and articulation using the PPVT and the Goldman-Fristoe-Woodcock Tests of Auditory Discrimination. A speech perception test in which words that varied phonemically in their initial consonant (i.e., gate vs Kate ) was administered in a 2-alternative forced choice labeling procedure. Subjects participated in a training procedure to establish reliable labeling of end-point stimuli. A total of 2-4 test sessions was required to obtain 20 blocks of test responses. Six adult Subjects, who completed 10 blocks of stimuli in about 20 min, were used as controls. Stimuli were synthesized and varied factorially in terms of VOT and FO. Results show that, in contrast with adults, Subjects did not use FO as a factor in judging the voicing of the prevocalic stops /g/ and /k/. It is suggested that there is growing evidence that speech perception undergoes significant change during childhood. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. DISSERTATION Author: Bernstein, Lynne E. Affiliation: U Michigan. Title: Dialogue in language development. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1978 May, v38 (n11-B):5537-5538. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Language Development. Mother Child Relations. Parent Child Communication. Conversation. Speech Characteristics. Infants. Preschool Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Elliptical speech in mother-child dialogues, language development, 20 & 23 & 29 mo olds.