Search request: F KW COCHLEAR IMPLANT Search result: 153 citations in the PsycINFO database Display: 1-L LONG ABS 1. ARTICLE; CONFERENCE Author: Donaldson, Gail S.; Viemeister, Neal F.; Nelson, David A. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Depts of Otolaryngology & Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, US. Title: Psychometric functions and temporal integration in electric hearing. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jun, v101 (n6):3706-3721. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Discrimination. Auditory Thresholds. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Psychometric functions for detection & corresponding temporal- integration functions, deaf 32-64 yr old cochlear-implant users, conference presentation. Abstract: Provided detailed descriptions of psychometric functions for detection and corresponding temporal-integration functions in 8 adult cochlear-implant users (aged 32-64 yrs). The study also determined whether psychometric-function slopes predict temporal- integration function slopes in electric hearing, as suggested by the multiple-looks hypothesis. Temporal-integration functions were obtained for 21 electrodes. Stimuli were pulse trains composed of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 biphasic pulses presented at a rate of 100 pulse/s. Temporal-integration slopes were substantially shallower than the 2.5B doubling typically reported for acoustic listeners. Slopes of psychometric functions for detection also varied widely across Subjects and for different electrodes in some cochleas. Temporal-integration slopes varied inversely with psychometric-function slopes. This inverse relation was relatively well-described by a hyperbolic function predicted by a simple version of the multiple-looks model of temporal integration (N. F. Viemeister and G. H. Wakefield, 1991). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: Skinner, Margaret W.; Holden, Laura K.; Holden, Timothy A.; Demorest, Marilyn E. Affiliation: Washington U School of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, St., US. Title: Speech recognition at simulated soft, conversational, and raised-to-loud vocal efforts by adults with cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jun, v101 (n6):3766-3782. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Loudness. Oral Communication. Recognition (Learning). Adulthood. Consonants. Sentences. Vowels. Words (Phonetic Units). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vowels vs consonants vs words vs sentences presented at 50 vs 60 vs 70 dB sound-pressure level, speech recognition, postlinguistically deaf adults. Abstract: Evaluated the recognition of vowels, consonants, words, and sentences presented in quiet at 50, 60, and 70 dB sound-pressure level for 10 postlinguistically deaf adults who use the SPEAK speech coding strategy of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System. The Subjects recognized significant amounts of unrelated sentences, single syllable words, words scored as phonemes correct, vowels, and consonants at a conversational level of 60 dB sound- pressure level (e.g., group mean scores: 72%, 29%, 56%, 70%, and 66% respectively) in a sound-only condition. In addition, all except one Subject recognized some words at 50 dB sound-pressure level. This level simulates either soft speech or speech spoken at a normal conversational effort but at distances of approximately 3 m. It is suggested that the level at which speech tests are given clinically should represent that of conversational speech (i.e., approximately 60dB sound-pressure level) and not the raised-to-loud speech level of 70 dB that is very difficult to maintain. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: Lane, Harlan; Wozniak, Jane; Matthies, Melanie; Svirsky, Mario; and others. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, MA, US. Title: Changes in sound pressure and fundamental frequency contours following changes in hearing status. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Apr, v101 (n4, Pt 1):2244-2252. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Feedback. Auditory Stimulation. Aurally Disabled. Cochlear Implants. Oral Reading. Adulthood. Deaf. Loudness. Nervous System Disorders. Pitch (Frequency). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory feedback, sound pressure level & fundamental frequency contours during reading, deafened speakers with cochlear implants vs patient with Neurofibromatosis-2 who had hearing reduced. Abstract: Aimed to clarify the influence of auditory feedback on sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0) contours. Contours were obtained from 5 speakers who underwent changes in long-term hearing status. Four Subjects were postingually deafened adults who had some auditory feedback (AF) restored with a cochlear prosthesis. In a complimentary situation, the 5th Subject, a patient with Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2), had her hearing severely reduced following surgery to remove an auditory-nerve tumor and to implant an auditory brainstem implant. The authors hypothesized that changes in the variability of SPL and F0 contours reflect that same role of self-hearing; exaggerated SPL and F0 inflections serve to enhance intelligibility under adverse transmission conditions. The authors compared each Subject's contours obtained with AF (implant users after activation of their speech processors and the NF2 patient before hearing loss) to those obtained without AF (preactivation for implant users) or with severely reduced AF (postsurgery for the NF2 patient). Findings for SPL and F0 contours of implant users and a NF2 patient show that Subjects without AF in the former case, or severely reduced AF in the latter, read passages with more inflected SPL and F0 contours than in the presence of AF. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 4. Author: Collins, Leslie M.; Zwolan, Teresa A.; Wakefield, Gregory H. Affiliation: Duke U, Durham, NC, US. Title: Comparison of electrode discrimination, pitch ranking, and pitch scaling data in postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jan, v101 (n1):440-455. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Electrodes. Pitch (Frequency). Speech Perception. Adulthood. Pitch Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Sequential vs pitch-based electrode ordering, electrode discrimination & pitch ranking & pitch scaling in speech perception, postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Measured speech recognition in 11 postlingually deaf adults fitted with cochlear prostheses in discrimination, pitch ranking, and pitch scaling experiments comparing the effects of sequential ordering of electrodes and electrode ordering based on measured pitch. It was hypothesized that electrode sites were not equally discriminable for Subjects implanted with the Nucleus/Cochlear Corp device, and that poor electrode discriminability results in a degradation of information that can be transmitted to the Subjects by the speech processing system of the prosthetic device. The results of the experiments indicate that the 3 measures do not provide equivalent estimates of either pitch or electrode-site discriminability. A model based on the multidimensional nature of electrode stimulation is proposed as an explanation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Fryauf-Bertschy, Holly; Tyler, Richard S.; Kelsay, Danielle M. R.; Gantz, Bruce J.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Cochlear implant use by prelingually deafened children: The influences of age at implant and length of device use. Source: Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 1997 Feb, v40 (n1):183-199. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Hearing Disorders. Speech Perception. Adolescence. Childhood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Cochlear implant use & age, long term speech perception performance, prelingually deafened children & adolescents aged 2-15 yrs at implantation. Abstract: Investigated the long-term speech perception performances of 34 prelingually deafened children who received multichannel cochlear implants between the ages of 2 and 15 yrs. Subjects were grouped by the age at which they received the implants and were characterized by the amount of time they used their devices per day. A variety of speech perception tests were administered to the Subjects at annual intervals following the connection of the external implant hardware. No significant differences in performance were evident for Subjects implanted before age 5 compared to children implanted after age 5 on closed-set tests of speech perception ability. All Subjects demonstrated an improvement in performance compared to the pre-operative condition. Open-set word recognition performance was significantly better for Subjects implanted before age 5 compared to Subjects implanted after age 5 at the 36-mo test interval and the 48-mo test interval. User status, defined by the amount of daily use of the implant, significantly affected all measures of speech perception performance except pattern perception. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. Author: Leder, Steven B.; Spitzer, Jaclyn B.; Kirchner, J. Cameron; Flevaris-Phillips, Carole; and others. Affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Ctr, Cochlear Implant Team, West Haven, CT, US. Title: Speaking rate of adventitiously deaf male cochlear implant candidates. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Sep, v82 (n3):843-846. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Onset (Disorders). Aurally Disabled. Hearing Disorders. Speech Rate. Hearing Aids. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Length of time since onset & hearing aid use, speech rate, 41-62 yr old males with vs without adventitious profound sensorineural hearing impairment. Abstract: Attempted to determine what speaking rate differences from normal, if any, occurred in 25 males (age 41-62 yrs) secondary to adventitious profound sensorineural hearing impairment. The Subjects were compared with 10 controls. Length of time since onset and length of time since last use of hearing aids were also considered. Stimuli consisted of an orally read paragraph with a total of 127 syllables. The results showed that the hearing impaired Subjects took 35% longer than the controls to read the paragraph. The adventitiously hearing impaired Subjects exhibited a speaking rate of 1 syllable per second slower than the controls. No significant differences in speech rate were found due to the length of impairment or the use of a hearing aid. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 7. Author: Blamey, P. J.; Dowell, R. C.; Clark, G. M.; Seligman, P. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Dept of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, East Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Acoustic parameters measured by a formant-estimating speech processor for a multiple-channel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):38-47. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Automated Speech Recognition. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Discrimination. Adulthood. Vowels. Consonants. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Wearable real time speech processor, consonant & vowel discrimination, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Describes the function of a wearable speech processor used with multiple-channel cochlear implant. The processor provided estimates of 5 speech parameters that were encoded and presented to patients using the implant. The parameters were chosen on the basis of the usefulness of the speech information they convey and the ability of the patients to perceive the information. The 5 parameters were estimates of the fundamental voice frequency, the 1st formant frequency, the 2nd formant frequency, the 1st formant amplitude, and the 2nd formant amplitude. The usefulness of the speech parameter estimates and the effectiveness of the coding scheme were tested on 3 cochlear implant patients using closed sets of vowels and consonants. The real-time speech processor allowed the discrimination and identification of most vowels and consonants for a single speaker in a quiet environment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 8. Author: Blamey, P. J.; Dowell, R. C.; Brown, A. M.; Clark, G. M.; and others. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Dept of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, East Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Vowel and consonant recognition of cochlear implant patients using formant-estimating speech processors. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):48-57. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Adulthood. Vowels. Consonants. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Multiple channel cochlear implant, vowel & consonant recognition in hearing & lipreading & combined conditions, postlingually profoundly deaf adults. Abstract: Examined the vowel and consonant recognition of 28 postlingually profoundly deaf adults using a multiple channel cochlear implant. The study (1) compared the vowel and consonant scores in hearing alone (H), lipreading alone (L), and combined (HL) conditions, (2) determined which speech features were used by the Subjects for vowel and consonant recognition in each condition, and (3) compared the effectiveness of the different speech processors in the H condition. The implant provided useful information in the H and HL conditions. The visual and auditory signals provided independent information sources that supplemented each other for a range of speech features. For vowels, the auditory signal was the major source of duration information. The visual signal was the major source of 1st and 2nd formant information. For consonants, the results could be modeled as a 4-dimensional space. Two dimensions were primarily visual. The others were auditory. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. Author: Townshend, Brent; Cotter, Neil; Van Compernolle, Dirk; White, R. L. Affiliation: Stanford U, Dept of Electrical Engineering, CA, US. Title: Pitch perception by cochlear implants subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):106-115. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Pitch Perception. Pitch (Frequency). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Pitch place & rate & level, pitch perception, adult scala tympani implant Subjects. Abstract: Examined the effects of place, rate, and level on pitch perception in 3 adult scala tympani implant Subjects. Several procedures were used in collecting the data. To the Subjects, however, the paradigm always appeared to be a 2-alternative, forced-choice selection between 2 sounds on the basis of their perceived pitch. Three different methods were used to determine the value of the parameters of the stimulus presented in each trial: exhaustive, fixed, and adaptive. There appears to be 2 factors that control the pitch percept in implant Subjects: the place and the rate of the stimulation. The basilar membrane normally acts as a mechanical Fourier transform creating maximum activity at spectral peaks. This excites neurons in that region creating a mapping from frequency to neural position. This tonographic organization was observed with electrical stimulation in 2 of the Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 10. Author: Willis, Suzi; Edwards, Jo. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester, Manchester Paediatric Implant Programme, CAEDSP, Manchester, England. Title: A prelingually deaf child's acquisition of spoken vocabulary in the first year of multichannel cochlear implant use. Source: Child Language Teaching & Therapy, 1996 Oct, v12 (n3):272-287. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Language Development. Oral Communication. Vocabulary. Childhood. Human Females. Preschool Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: 12 mo of multichannel cochlear implant use, expressive & receptive vocabulary acquisition & use of spoken language in everyday situations, 4-yr-old prelingually deaf female. Abstract: Evaluated a 4-yr-old, prelingually, profoundly deaf female's acquisition of receptive and expressive spoken vocabulary in the 1st yr of multichannel cochlear implant use. In addition, an evaluation of the child's use of spoken language in everyday situations was examined. A prelingually deaf child, after 12 mo of cochlear implant use, can be described as having a "hearing age" of 12 mo. Comparisons were made with both hearing age and chronological age controls using scores taken from standardized data. While the child was unable to show progress in her receptive vocabulary development on the British Picture Vocabulary Scale, her performance on the MacAuthur CDI showed that she had acquired a substantial amount of vocabulary over her 1st 12 mo of cochlear implant use. She is acquiring expressive vocabulary at an accelerated rate, and she is also observed to be acquiring receptive vocabulary at a faster rate than normally-hearing children. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 11. Author: Sierra, C.; Rubio, G.; Kassem, S.; Marin, J.; and others. Affiliation: La Paz Hosp, Psychiatric Service, Madrid, Spain. Title: Evaluation of psychosocial adjustment following cochlear implant in adults. Source: European Journal of Psychiatry, 1996 Apr-Jun, v10 (n2):76-82. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Neuropsychology. Psychosocial Readjustment. Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Neuropsychological & psychosocial adjustment following cochlear implant, adult patients, Spain, implications for role of mental health workers in rehabilitation. Abstract: Studied 19 adult patients in Spain before and after cochlear implant (CI) to evaluate any possible neuropsychological impairment that might be a problem for rehabilitation and post-CI adjustment. Prior to the CI, Subjects were evaluated according to a battery of instruments, including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Assessment after the CI indicated (1) low prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, (2) normal range scores on the psychometric tests, and (3) optimum adjustment in the areas of auditory skills and social relations. The role of mental health workers in facilitating CIs is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 12. Author: Matthies, Melanie L.; Svirsky, Mario; Perkell, Joseph; Lane, Harlan. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, MA, US. Title: Acoustic and articulatory measures of sibilant production with and without auditory feedback from a cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Oct, v39 (n5):936-946. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Articulation (Speech). Auditory Feedback. Cochlear Implants. Oral Communication. Phonemes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic & articulatory analysis of sibilant phoneme production with vs without auditory feedback, 37 yr old male with cochlear implant. Abstract: The articulator positions of a 37-yr-old male with a cochlear implant were measured with an electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) system with and without auditory feedback available to the Subject via his implant. Acoustic analysis of sibilant productions included specific measures of their spectral properties as well as the F3 formant amplitude. More general postural characteristics of the utterances, such as speech rate and sound level, were measured as well. Because of the mechanical and aerodynamic interdependence of the articulators, the postural variables must be considered before attributing speech improvement to the selective correction of a phonemic target with the use of auditory feedback. The tongue blade position was related to the shape and central tendency of the / / spectra; however, changes in the spectral contrast between /s/ and / / were not related to changes in the more general postural variables of rate and sound level. These findings suggest that the cochlear implant is providing this Subject with important auditory cues that he can use to monitor his speech and maintain the phonemic contrast between /s/ and / /. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 13. Author: Robinshaw, Helen M.; Evans, Roy. Affiliation: Downshire House Research Ctr, London, England. Title: Assessing the acquisition of the auditory, communicative and linguistic skills of a congenitally deaf infant pre- and post-cochlear implantation. Source: Early Child Development & Care, 1996 Feb, v117:77-98. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Communication Skills. Deaf. Linguistics. Oral Communication. Childhood. Infants. Longitudinal Studies. Preschool Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Acquisition of auditory & communicative & linguistic skills, congenitally deaf male infant before vs after cochlear implantation, longitudinal study, England. Abstract: Provides a detailed account of the auditory, communicative and linguistic development of a young acoustic hearing aid user who became the 1st congenitally deaf British infant to receive a multichannel cochlear implant. The Subject's development is documented using the Schuyler et al (1985) list of auditory objectives, and D. Ling's (1976, 1989) schedules and targets of phonetic and phonologic level development. The study provides evidence on the utility of these tools in a field setting. The Subject's hearing loss was identified at age 2 mo, by 5 mo of age he was fitted with 2 Rexton mini primo post-aural acoustic hearing aids, and he was implanted with a Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant when he was 29 mo. The Subject was longitudinally studied until he was 4.5 yrs of age. Results show the Subject's speech and voice quality had improved 2 yrs postimplant. Findings suggest there is a need for a more refined schedule of auditory skills which reflect subtle changes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 14. Author: Javel, Eric. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Dept of Otolaryngology, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Title: Long-term adaptation in cat auditory-nerve fiber responses. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996 Feb, v99 (n2):1040-1052. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Acoustic Nerve. Electrical Activity. Response Parameters. Sensory Adaptation. Stimulus Intensity. Cats. Stimulus Onset. Stimulus Presentation Methods. Population terms: Animal. Key phrase: Stimulus onset & intensity, characteristics of long term adaptation of auditory nerve fiber responses, cats. Abstract: Examined the adaptation of cat auditory-nerve fiber responses after the rapid and short-term phases are complete. Response reductions were characterized by long-term adaptation, which affected the discharge rate in the first several seconds following stimulus onset, and which increased with sensation level, decreased with spontaneous rate, and was not correlated with characteristic-frequency tones or fiber response threshold. Fiber responses formed a larger group, which adapted for CF tones at 2-40 dB, and a smaller group that did not adapt over long terms. No long-term effects were observed in responses of fibers directly stimulated by high-intensity electrical pulses presented at rates to 500 sec through a cochlear implant. Implications for the occurrence of long-term adaptation are considered. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 15. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luther M.; Smith, Michael; Parkin, James L. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, AZ, USA. Title: Frequency discrimination and speech recognition by patients who use the Ineraid and continuous interleaved sampling cochlear-implant signal processors. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996 Feb, v99 (n2):1174-1184. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Pitch (Frequency). Pitch Discrimination. Speech Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Frequency discrimination & speech recognition at various formants, patients using Ineraid cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated frequency discrimination and speech recognition with 65 patients using the Ineraid cochlear implant, which produces simultaneous, analog stimulation to 4 channels. Stimuli in the frequency discrimination task varied from 125-3300 Hz in Exp 1, and in Exp 2, spanned the frequency range of first speech formants, 350-850 Hz, and used smaller frequency increments. In Exp 3, frequency discrimination over the first formants range was compared for stimuli presented through the Subjects' signal processors or a single electrode. In Exp 4, psychometric functions for frequency discrimination were obtained at fixed frequencies. Discrimination and recognition varied among Subjects, with discrimination better in the frequency domain of first formants. In Exp 5, it was determined that the continuous interleaved sampling processor improved speech recognition and frequency discrimination in the range of later speech formants. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 16. DISSERTATION Author: Chute, Patricia Molinelli. Affiliation: Columbia U Teachers College, NY, US. Title: The effects of visual distortion on the speechreading ability in adult users of multichannel cochlear implants. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 1994, v54 (n12-B):6123. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Lipreading. Illumination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Reduction in illumination for distortion of visual conditions, speechreading from videotape with vision alone vs vision & audition through cochlear implant, postlingually deaf adults. 17. Author: Brown, Carolyn J.; Abbas, Paul J.; Borland, James; Bertschy, Michael R. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Electrically evoked whole nerve action potentials in Ineraid cochlear implant users: Responses to different stimulating electrode configurations and comparison to psychophysical responses. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Jun, v39 (n3):453-467. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Electrical Stimulation. Evoked Potentials. Thresholds. Adulthood. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Bipolar &/vs monopolar electrical cochlear stimulation, whole nerve EP detection threshold & growth function slope & refractory recovery functions, profoundly deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Recorded evoked whole nerve action potentials (EPs) from 20 Ineraid cochlear implant users in response to bipolar and/or monopolar electrical cochlear stimulation. Parallel psychophysical experiments measured EP growth functions, refractory recovery functions, the just detectable increment in stimulus current level (JND), forward-masking functions, and detection thresholds for different stimulus conditions. Variations in EP threshold, growth function slope, and the rate of recovery of the EP from the refractory state were observed both across Subjects for a given place and by mode of stimulation (bipolar vs monopolar), as well as across electrodes within an S. A poor correlation between slope of the EP growth functions and current JNDs was obtained. Good correlations were observed between EP threshold and psychophysical detection threshold and between the EP refractory recovery functions and the psychophysical forward-masking functions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 18. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Bedia, Elizabeth Gilbert; Woodworth, George. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Differences in children's sound production when speaking with a cochlear implant turned on and turned off. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Jun, v39 (n3):604-610. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Feedback. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Auditory feedback, speech production, prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Abstract: 20 prelingually deaf children (mean age 9 yrs) with at least 24 mo experience wearing cochlear implants spoke 14 monosyllabic words 3 times each after having not worn their cochlear implants for several hours. Subjects then spoke the same speech sample again with their cochlear implants turned on. The utterances were phonetically transcribed by speech-language pathologists. On average, no difference between speaking conditions on indices of vowel height, vowel place, initial consonant place, initial consonant voicing, or final consonant voicing was found. Comparisons based on narrow transcription of the speech samples revealed no difference between the 2 speaking conditions. In the device on condition, Subjects sometimes nasalized their vowels and inappropriately aspirated their consonants. Their tendency to nasalize vowels and aspirate initial consonants might reflect an attempt to increase proprioceptive feedback and awareness of speaking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 19. Author: Parkinson, Aaron J.; Tyler, Richard S.; Woodworth, George G.; Lowder, Mary W.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa, General Hosp, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: A within-subject comparison of adult patients using the Nucleus F0F1F2 and F0F1F2B3B4B5 speech processing strategies. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Apr, v39 (n2):261-277. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Speech Perception. Adulthood. Aged. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Nucleus F0F1F2 vs F0F1F2B3B4B5 speech processing schemes, speech perception, 28-70 yr old cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Compared the Nucleus F0F1F2 and F0F1F2B3B4B5 processing schemes in 17 patients (aged 28-70 yrs) wearing the Mini Speech Processor. Subjects were switched back and forth 4 times between processing strategies for 3 mo each time. Performance was evaluated with both schemes after each interval, using speech recognition tests and subjective ratings. Results show that average performance was somewhat better for the F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy for word and sentence identification, that F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy transmitted consonant duration and frication cues more effectively than the F0F1F2 strategy, and that experience with 1 strategy benefited performance with the other strategy. Eight Subjects showed superior performance in 1 or 2 of the 6 speech measures with the F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy, while 3 Subjects performed better with the F0F1F2 strategy for consonant recognition. The remaining Subjects showed little difference in performance between strategies. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 20. Author: Skinner, Margaret W.; Holden, Laura K.; Holden, Timothy A.; Demorest, Marilyn E. Affiliation: Washington U, School of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Comparison of procedures for obtaining thresholds and maximum acceptance loudness levels with the nucleus cochlear implant system. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1995 Jun, v38 (n3):677-689. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Thresholds. Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Loudness Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Keyboard vs knob vs ascending loudness judgments, loudness detection thresholds, 26-63 yr olds with Nucleus cochlear implant. Abstract: Two stimulus paradigms and two presentation methods were combined to form 3 procedures (keyboard, knob, and ascending loudness judgments with knob (ALJs)) to obtain detection thresholds and maximum acceptable loudness levels (MALs) from 11 adults (aged 26-63 yrs) with the Nucleus cochlear implant. Thresholds at which Subjects correctly counted the number of stimulus bursts were also obtained. Keyboard detection thresholds were higher than were knob and ALJ detection thresholds. Counted thresholds were obtained most efficiently by using keyboard detection thresholds as the initial level for testing. Keyboard MALs were highest, knob MALs were intermediate, and ALJ MALs were lowest. MALs were obtained most efficiently with the ALJ procedure. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 21. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Woodworth, George G. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Acquisition of speech by children who have prolonged cochlear implant experience. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1995 Apr, v38 (n2):327-337. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Articulation (Speech). Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Development. Adolescence. Childhood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Sign Language. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Intelligible speech & error patterns & production & perception skills & sign use, prelinguistically deafened children with cochlear implantation at 2-5 vs 5-8 vs 8-15 yrs old. Abstract: Examined level of intelligible speech following prolonged cochlear-implant (CI) experience, speech error patterns, age at implantation effects, use of speech without sign, and speech production and perception skills. 28 prelinguistically deafened children who used a Nucleus CI were assigned to one of 3 age groups, according to age at implantation: 2-5 yrs ( N = 12), 5-8 yrs ( N = 9), and 8-15 yrs ( N = 7). Subjects completed measures of speech production and an audiological test battery. Phonetic and orthographic transcriptions were completed by speech-language pathologists. Results show that (1) Subjects who have used a CIs for at least 2 yrs acquire intelligible speech, (2) Subjects who receive a CI before 5 yrs old appear to show greater benefit in their speech production skills than older Subjects, (3) Subjects recognizing more speech while wearing CIs are likely to speak more intelligibly and, (4) signing does not disappear following implantation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 22. Author: Pijl, Sipke; Schwarz, Dietrich W. F. Affiliation: St Paul's Hosp, Div of Otolaryngology, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Title: Melody recognition and musical interval perception by deaf subjects stimulated with electrical pulse trains through single cochlear implant electrodes. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Aug, v98 (n2, Pt 1):886-895. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch Perception. Hearing Disorders. Music. Pattern Discrimination. Electrical Stimulation. Adulthood. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Aged. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Changes in biphasic electrical pulse train rates, melody recognition & musical pitch perception, postlinguistically deaf 33-77 yr olds with cochlear implants, Canada. Abstract: 17 postlinguistically deaf Subjects (aged 33-77 yrs) with cochlear implants correctly identified a mean of 44% of rhythmically intact familiar tunes presented in an open-set paradigm. Stimuli were pulse trains representing tones on the tempered musical scale. Three Subjects were tested for melody recognition in the absence of rhythmical cues. Results show higher recognition scores at lower pulse rates. These 3 Subjects were also required to indicate whether the 2nd tone of an interval, represented by a change in pulse rate relative to the 1st tone, was "in tune". Data demonstrate that some cochlear implant Subjects can use pulse rate changes on single intracochlear electrodes as cues for musical pitch intervals. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 23. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Gilbert-Bedia, Elizabeth. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Relationships between speech production and speech perception skills in young cochlear-implant users. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Nov, v98 (n5, Pt 1):2454-2460. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Perception. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. Adolescence. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Speech production & perception skills, prelingually deafened children & adolescents with cochlear implants. Abstract: 23 prelingually deafened children who had received at least 2 yrs of experience with a cochlear implant participated in the study. Perception and production skills were assessed using the Children's Audio-visual Feature Test (CAVFT). Some of the speech features assessed included voicing, and nasality. Performance on the production version of the CAVFT varied widely, with an average score of 37% consonants correct, but only 25% when the CAVFT was administered in an audition-only condition. Data from 16 of the 23 Subjects were obtained from a previous CAVFT testing, and the 2 test dates were compared to determine if experience with a cochlear implant enhanced speech production. Findings indicate that frication and nasality scores had improved. Subjects produced many errors of voicing, did not distinguish between voiced and unvoiced sounds on the basis of voice onset time or syllabic duration, and rarely produced errors of place articulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 24. Author: Nelson, David A.; Van Tasell, Dianne J.; Schroder, Anna C.; Soli, Sigfrid; and others. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Dept of Communication Disorders, Minneapolis, US. Title: Electrode ranging of "place pitch" and speech recognition in electrical hearing. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Oct, v98 (n4):1987-1999. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Perception. Partially Hearing Impaired. Pitch (Frequency). Auditory Discrimination. Cochlear Implants. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Perception of spectral speech cues & electrode ranking of place pitch, partially hearing impaired with Nucleus 22 cochlear implant. Abstract: Examined whether the ability of multichannel cochlear implant users to perceive spectral speech cues should be related to their ability to differentiate among stimulation to different electrodes in terms of the perception of the evoked pitch. 14 hearing-impaired Subjects with Nucleus 22-electrode arrays implanted in the cochlea ranked electrodes based on 500-msec stimulus bursts of biphasic 0.2-msec/phase current pulses, delivered at 100 or 125 pulses per second. 10 Subjects also participated in speech recognition testing. The ability to rank electrodes varied considerably among Subjects and was limited by a ceiling effect in Subjects with excellent place-pitch perception. Ranking improved linearly with spatial separation between comparison electrodes. Relatively good transmission of consonant phoneme information did not necessarily require excellent place-pitch sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 25. Author: Waring, Michael D. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Electrophysiology Lab, Los Angeles, CA, US. Title: Auditory brain-stem responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus in human subjects. Source: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials, 1995 Jul, v96 (n4):338-347. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Evoked Potentials. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Brain Stem. Deaf. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Electrical stimulation of cochlear nucleus, auditory brain stem responses, deaf patients with vs awaiting auditory brain stem implant. Abstract: Establishes preliminary standards for human evoked auditory brain-stem responses (EARBs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus. Short-latency evoked potentials were recorded from 6 Subjects, 3 of whom had an auditory brain-stem implant, and the other 3 were undergoing implantation. Results indicate that the evoked potentials obtained from the two groups of Subjects were similar. Two types of evoked potential waveforms, called the 3-wave and the 2-wave responses, were found in both the groups. The latencies of the peaks changed very little with stimulus amplitude. For the 6 Subjects, the latency of the second vertex-positive peak was 1.2-1.7 msec. The third wave was present only in two cases and had a peak latency of 2.1-2.3 msec. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 26. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Lowder, Mary W.; Parkinson, Aaron J.; Woodworth, George G.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Performance of adult Ineraid and Nucleus cochlear implant patients after 3.5 years of use. Source: Audiology, 1995 May-Jun, v34 (n3):135-144. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. Deaf. Followup Studies. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Nucleus vs Ineraid cochlear implants, speech perception, postlingually deafened adults, 3.5 yr followup. Abstract: 42 postlingually deafened adult patients, 21 with a formant extraction version of the Nucleus cochlear implant (NCI) and 21 with the analog processing Ineraid cochlear implant (ICI), were evaluated on speech perception tests after using the implants for 3.5 yrs. All but 4 Subjects showed enhanced lipreading with the implant. Word recognition averaged 14-19% correct, and word recognition in sentences averaged 43-49% correct for the 2 devices. Average performance was superior with the ICI on consonant recognition in noise. Vowel perception was influenced by 1st- and 3rd-formant frequency for the NCI, and 1st-formant and fundamental frequency for the ICI Subjects. The ICI was more effective at conveying information about consonant nasality and frication, which contributed most to the total information transmitted for either implant. Both devices had difficulty conveying information about vowel 2nd-formant frequency and consonant place. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 27. Author: Dillier, Norbert; Battmer, Rolf D.; Doring, Wolfgang H.; Muller-Deile, Joachim. Affiliation: University Hosp, ENT Dept, Zurich, Switzerland. Title: Multicentric field evaluation of a new speech coding strategy for cochlear implants. Source: Audiology, 1995 May-Jun, v34 (n3):145-159. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Spectral peak speech encoding vs multipeak speech processing, speech perception, postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants, Switzerland & Germany. Abstract: In a study involving 4 European cochlear implant centers, the speech perception abilities were investigated of 20 native German-speaking Subjects implanted with the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System when using a new spectral peak (SPEAK) speech coding strategy. Each Subject's performance on auditory perceptual tasks was evaluated with the experimental encoder (SPEAK), relative to his or her performance in a reference condition. The reference levels of auditory performance were established using the multipeak (MPEAK) speech-processing strategy of the Nucleus speech processor. Only Subjects who achieved open-set monosyllable word recognition in the reference condition were included in this study. Significant differences in group mean scores for most speech recognition subtests were obtained for the SPEAK vs the MPEAK strategy. The largest overall improvements were observed for the sentence tests under noisy conditions. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 28. Author: van Hoesel, R. J. M.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Human Communication Research Ctr, Vict, Australia. Title: Evaluation of a portable two-microphone adaptive beamforming speech processor with cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Apr, v97 (n4):2498-2503. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Apparatus. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: 2 microphone adaptive beamformer vs fixed broadside array with microphone signals, physical testing performance, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Compared the results of a 2-microphone adaptive beamformer (ABF strategy) with a 2-microphone fixed broadside array in which the 2 microphone signals were added together (SUM strategy). Physical testing, using (1) a KEMAR manikin and (2) the ABF algorithm for 2 other acoustic environments, showed that the SUM strategy offered only a very limited directional gain, while at a direct-to-reverberant power ratio of about 13 dB, the ABF achieved about 10-dB noise level attenuation. In subjective testing with 4 adult cochlear implant patients, Subjects performed much better in the 0-dB signal-to-noise level condition with the ABF than with the SUM. The ABF has clear benefits to cochlear implant users in environments with moderate reverberation and with only 1 noise source interfering with target speech source. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 29. Author: Lansing, Charissa R.; Bievenue, Lisa A. Affiliation: U Illinois, Dept of Speech & Hearing Science, Urbana-Champaign, US. Title: Intelligent computer-based systems to document the effectiveness of consonant recognition training. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Winter, v96 (n1):41-49. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Computer Assisted Instruction. Speech Perception. Consonants. Rehabilitation. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Effectiveness of computer based auditory & visual consonant recognition training system, hearing impaired adolescents & adults with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Abstract: Describes the design and instructional contingencies of a computer-based system for auditory and visual consonant recognition training. This system is used with adults who require hearing aid or a cochlear implant to understand speech. Instead of using rigid flash-card types of drills, individual training sequences are developed as students interact with the system. Computer-based drills incorporate adaptive feedback, increasing ratio review, a retirement criteria, and discrimination training. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 30. Author: Staller, Steven J.; Beiter, Anne L.; Brimacombe, Judith A. Affiliation: Cochlear Corp, Englewood, CO, US. Title: Use of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System with children. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):15-39. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Followup Studies. Childhood. Longitudinal Studies. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Use of Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System, ability to use auditory information, children, 1 yr followup & further longitudinal data. Abstract: Describes the components of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System and discusses how acoustic information is analyzed and sent to the electrode array that has been placed in the inner ear. The decision to recommend an implant for a child is made following an evaluation by an interdisciplinary team, which includes the otologist, audiologist, speech-language pathologist, educator, and parents. An educational program that emphasizes the development of auditory and oral language skills and a family committed to helping their child maximize hearing capabilities is important to success with the implant. Speech perception data from 178 children are summarized that show that after 1 yr of auditory experience with the cochlear implant, children show changes in their ability to use auditory information. Longitudinal data show that children continue to make progress over time. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 31. Author: Geers, Ann; Brenner, Chris. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, Sensory Aids Project, Clinical Services, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Speech perception results: Audition and lipreading enhancement. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):97-108. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Hearing Aids. Cochlear Implants. Lipreading. Followup Studies. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implant vs tactile aid vs conventional hearing aid, speech perception & lipreading, profoundly hearing impaired children, 3 yr followup. Abstract: Examined changes in speech perception performance of 39 children with profound hearing impairment using a Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant (CIs), a Tactaid tactile aid, or conventional hearing aids over 3-yrs. Speech perception performance of all 3 groups was similar before beginning the study. After 36 mo, 11 of the 13 Subjects with CIs were able to identify words on the basis of auditory consonant cues. Feature perception scores reflected an implant advantage in the perception of pitch, vowels, and consonant place. Significant lip reading enhancement was achieved after 36 mo of CI use which was comparable to that achieved by profoundly deaf children with 90 to 100 dB HL hearing losses who receive benefit from hearing aids. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 32. Author: Boothroyd, Arthur; Eran, Orna. Affiliation: City U New York, US. Title: Auditory speech perception capacity of child implant users expressed as equivalent hearing loss. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):151-167. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implant, auditory speech perception capacity expressed as equivalent hearing loss, school age children. Abstract: Administered the IMSPAC, an imitative test of speech pattern contrast perception, to 76 child hearing aid users (mean age 9.6 yrs) and 18 child users of the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant (CI). The hearing aid data provided a linear regression function for aided IMSPAC score on unaided threshold. This function was then used to estimate for each implant user the unaided threshold at which the IMSPAC score of a typical hearing aid user would equal that of a CI user. This quantity, referred to as Equivalent Hearing Loss, averaged 88 dB for the 18 CI users, with a range of 74-113 dB. The results support the conclusion that a multichannel CI can provide many otherwise profoundly deaf children with auditory speech perception capacity similar to that of severely deaf children who wear hearing aids. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 33. Author: Osberger, Mary Joe; Robbins, Amy McConkey; Todd, Susan L.; Riley, Allyson I. Affiliation: Advanced Bionics Corp, Sylmar, CA, US. Title: Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):169-180. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Speech Characteristics. Oral Communication. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implants & use of oral vs total communication, speech intelligibility, prelingually deaf children. Abstract: Examined the speech intelligibility (SI) of 18 children with prelingual deafness after using multichannel cochlear implants for an average of 3 yrs. 50% of Subjects used oral communication (OC), and 50% used total communication (TC). Subjects were matched in terms of age at onset of deafness, age implanted, and duration of implant use. Sentences were elicited from the Subjects on an imitative basis and played to panels of listeners who were instructed to write what they thought the Subjects had said. The SI was measured in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood in the sentences. The average SI score of Subjects who used OC was 48%, which was higher than the average score of 21% of the Subjects who used TC. The range of scores for Subjects who used OC was relatively large, with the scores of the Subjects with the lowest SI comparable to those of the Subjects who used TC. None of Subjects who used TC showed scores similar to those of the Subjects with the greatest SI. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 34. Author: Cazals, Yves; Pelizzone, Marco; Saudan, Olivier; Boex, Colette. Affiliation: INSERM Unite 229, Lab d'Audiologie Experimentale, U Bordeaux II, Hopital Pellegrin, France. Title: Low-pass filtering in amplitude modulation detection associated with vowel and consonant identification in subjects with cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994 Oct, v96 (n4):2048-2054. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Filtered Speech. Consonants. Vowels. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Low pass filtering of amplitude modulations, vowel & consonant identification & fine temporal coding in speech detection, postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated vowel and consonant identification in Subjects with cochlear implants to better understand the importance of fine temporal coding in speech perception. Studies were performed in 9 postlingually deaf Subjects implanted with an Ineraid device. Results indicated a strong relationship between low-pass filtering (LPF) in amplitude modulation (AM) detection at the most apically implanted electrode and speech recognition scores for isolated vowels and intervocalic consonants. Data support previous investigations in showing that acoustic features of speech linked to temporal envelope variations provide a substantial amount of information to cochlear implant Subjects. In addition, they indicate that an LPF of AMs similar to that existing for acoustic hearing seems essential for successful phonetic identification. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 35. Author: Aronson, L.; Rosenhouse, J.; Podoshin, L.; Rosenhouse, G. Affiliation: Technion--Israel Inst of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology, Bnai Zion Medical Ctr, Haifa, Israel. Title: Multi-channel cochlear prosthesis adapted to Hebrew: A case study. Source: Speech Communication, 1994 Jun, v14 (n3):263-277. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Language. Deaf. Aged. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear prosthesis adapted to Hebrew, deaf Hebrew speaking 16-65 yr olds, Israel. Abstract: Investigated the speech comprehension of 4 deaf Hebrew-speaking patients (aged 16-65 yrs) implanted with the Nucleus 22-channels (N-22) system, a cochlear prosthesis. Speech tests (isolated vowels, bisyllabic words, and fluent speech in closed and open sets) were conducted using the default frequency boundaries of the cochlear implant's speech processor, which were assumed to be based on English. Modified frequency boundaries (MFBs) were then established by altering the frequency-to-electrode mapping (FEM), taking into account the formant patterns of the modern Hebrew vowels and the number of active electrodes implanted. Retests with the MFBs and the same speech material resulted in improved comprehension of some speech elements. Results suggest that better speech comprehension by implanted patients can be achieved in part by adjusting the FEM of the N-22 speech processor on a language basis. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 36. Author: Stephan, Kurt; Welzl-Muller, Kunigunde. Affiliation: Universitats-Klinik fur Hor-, Stimm-und Sprachstorungen, Innsbruck, Austria. Title: Effect of stimulus duration on stapedius reflex threshold in electrical stimulation via cochlear implant. Source: Audiology, 1994 May-Jun, v33 (n3):143-151. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stimulus Duration. Acoustic Reflex. Thresholds. Electrical Stimulation. Cochlear Implants. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Stimulus duration, stapedius reflex threshold in electrical stimulation via cochlear implant, hearing impaired patients. Abstract: Investigated the effect of stimulus duration on the threshold of the contralateral stapedius reflex in 9 patients supplied with a Vienna cochlear implant and in 19 normal-hearing Subjects in the case of acoustic stimulation. Changes in reflex threshold were determined at 4 frequencies and for 5 durations. For both stimulation modes a strong effect of stimulus duration on reflex threshold was observed. The amount of temporal integration reflected by the threshold difference between 500 and 50 msec was approximately 2-4 dB for electrical stimulation via cochlear implant and 6 dB for acoustic stimulation in normal-hearing Subjects. In the case of electrostimulation, the reflex threshold for stimuli of 30 msec was most often above the limit of uncomfortable loudness sensation; the increase in reflex threshold for acoustic stimulation between 500 and 30 msec was approximately 14 dB. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 37. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Michael; Smith, Luther; Parkin, James L. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: The pitch of electrically presented sinusoids. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994 Mar, v95 (n3):1677-1678. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch (Frequency). Auditory Perception. Cochlear Implants. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Perceived pitch of electrically presented sinusoids, male 69 yr old with multichannel cochlear implant. Abstract: Assessed the pitch of electrical stimulation in a 69-yr-old Subject with an Ineraid electrode array in the right cochlea. The Subject was asked to match the pitch of signals in the nonimplanted ear to the pitch of signals in the implanted ear; hearing thresholds in the nonimplanted ear were less than 50 dB for frequencies under 500 Hz. When signal was presented to E1 (the most apical electrode), the Subject's mean pitch match was 135 Hz to the 125-Hz acoustic stimulus, 228 Hz to the 200-Hz stimulus, 347 Hz to the 300-Hz stimulus, and 390 Hz to the 400-Hz stimulus. When the target signals were presented to E2-E4 (more basal locations), pitch matches increased in frequency. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 38. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Herzog, Hans. Affiliation: Research Ctr Julich, Inst of Medicine, Julich, Germany. Title: Cortical activation by auditory stimulation studied with positron emission tomography. Source: IN: Functional neuroimaging: Technical foundations.; Robert W. Thatcher, Mark Hallett, Thomas A. Zeffiro, E. Roy John, Michael Huerta, Eds. Academic Press, Inc, San Diego, CA, US, 1994. 59-67 of xx, 303 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tomography. Auditory Stimulation. Auditory Evoked Potentials. Hearing Disorders. Cerebral Cortex. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) (briefly describe) the central auditory pathways; review PET (positron emission tomography) examinations of cortical activation due to auditory stimulation; (mention the) main characteristics (of PET methods used in different studies)... studies in Subjects with normal hearing (activation by simple and complex stimuli); studies in patients with hearing deficits (unilaterally deaf patients, patients with cochlear implant); patients with other diseases. 39. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Witt, Shelley; Schum, Lorianne; Sobaski, Cheryl. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosp, US. Title: Communication breakdowns: Partner contingencies and partner reactions. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1994, v27:107-133. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Conversation. Strategies. Cochlear Implants. Familiarity. Dyads. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Reactions to communication breakdowns & use of verbal repair strategies, 21-74 yr old cochlear implant users & familiar vs unfamiliar conversational partner dyads. Abstract: In 3 experiments, adult cochlear-implant users participated in structured communication interactions with familiar and unfamiliar conversational partners while being videotaped. The videotapes were rated by normal hearing listeners to assess their reactions to communication breakdowns and the use of verbal repair strategies. A total of 36 adults (aged 21-74 yrs) participated in the experiments. Subjects were found to be most likely to use specific repair strategies regardless of whether the conversational partner was familiar. Reactions to the cochlear-implant users are influenced by their use of nonspecific repair strategies (the higher the use, the less favorable the reaction) and their number of words (the fewer the words, the less favorable the reaction). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 40. Author: Muchnik, Chava; Taitelbaum, Rivka; Tene, Sara; Hildesheimer, Minka. Affiliation: Chaim Sheba Medical Ctr, Dept of Communications Disorders, Speech, Language & Hearing, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Title: Auditory temporal resolution and open speech recognition in cochlear implant recipients. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1994, v23 (n2):105-109. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Thresholds. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Open speech recognition ability & gap detection thresholds for short duration acoustic stimulation, deaf 13-63 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Studied Subjects with cochlear implants (CIs) to determine the relationship between open speech recognition ability (OSRA) and the gap detection threshold (GDT) for acoustic stimulation with very short duration times. Subjects were 14 deaf adults (aged 13-63 yrs) using the Nucleus multichannel implant with a wearable speech processor. OSRA was evaluated by the Hebrew version of 3 auditory capabilities tests (E. Owens et al, 1981). GDT was measured by a pair of noise bursts of 85, 65, 52, 36, 25, and 10 msec, with varying gaps between bursts. Results indicate that Subjects with CIs who achieve OSRA without lipreading have the best gap detection ability. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 41. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Kelsay, Danielle M. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinic, Iowa City, US. Title: A communication training program for parents of cochlear implant users. Source: Volta Review, 1993 Winter, v95 (n1):21-31. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Communication Skills Training. Parent Training. Children. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Communication training program, parents of children with cochlear implants. Abstract: Describes a communication training program for parents of new cochlear implant users. The program consists of 5 components: (1) an introduction to cochlear implant use, (2) an assessment of parents' communication behaviors, (3) a parent seminar, (4) a home-training program, and (5) a parent library. The Communication Index for Parents is used for assessing parents' communication behaviors. Speech and listening diaries, completed by parents at regular intervals, provide information to guide counseling. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 42. Author: Alpin, D. Yvonne. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester School of Education, Ctr for Audiology, Education of the Deaf, & Speech Pathology, England. Title: Psychological evaluation of adults in a cochlear implant program. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1993 Dec, v138 (n5):415-419. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Psychodiagnosis. Deaf. Deaf Blind. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Psychological assessment, adult cochlear implant patients, England. Abstract: Discusses the psychological evaluation of cochlear implant patients, which has been neglected when compared to the number of reports on surgical and audiological aspects. Formal and informal psychological assessment are an integral part of the cochlear implant program at Manchester, UK, and contribute to team decisions about the suitability of patients for implantation. The psychologist also monitors the subsequent progress of recipients. The author describes the major reasons for carrying out psychological evaluations of prospective recipients and for monitoring their psychological status. The main assessment techniques used in the Manchester program are outlined. Group findings from the initial assessments of the 1st 40 cochlear implant patients (including 5 deaf-blind patients) are also reported. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 43. Author: van Hoesel, R. J. M.; Tong, Y. C.; Hollow, R. D.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Australian Bionic Ear & Hearing Research Inst, Human Communication Research Ctr, Vict, Australia. Title: Psychophysical and speech perception studies: A case report on a binaural cochlear implant subject. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Dec, v94 (n6):3178-3189. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrical Stimulation. Psychophysics. Speech Perception. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Stimulation. Stimulus Parameters. Stimulus Intervals. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Interaural time & amplitude & place of binaural electrical stimulation, psychophysical & speech perception in quiet vs noise, male patient with binaural cochlear implants, Australia. Abstract: Presents the results of 3 psychophysical and speech studies with an adult binaural cochlear implant patient. The authors sought to determine (1) whether and under what conditions information from electrical stimulation on 2 sides could be combined; (2) how percepts could be altered by varying interaural time, amplitude, and place of stimulation; and (3) whether binaural stimulation could be used to improve speech perception, particularly in noise. Fusion of percepts arising from simultaneous stimulation on the 2 sides was shown to be possible, as was lateralization on the basis of interaural amplitude differences. Perception of interaural time delays was very poor. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 44. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Blamey, Peter J.; Dooley, Gary J.; Alcantara, Joseph I.; Gerin, E. S.; and others. Affiliation: Cooperative Research Ctr for Bionic Ear, Speech & Hearing Research, Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Formant-based processing for hearing aids. Fourth International Conference in Speech Science and Technology (SST-92) (1992, Brisbane, Australia). Source: Speech Communication, 1993 Dec, v13 (n3-4):453-461. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Aids. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. Deaf. Partially Hearing Impaired. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Aged. Pitch (Frequency). Adulthood. Auditory Stimulation. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Formant based processor with vs without cochlear implant, speech perception with vs without background noise, 36-75 yr olds with postlinguistically profound hearing impairment, conference presentation. Abstract: Investigated the effectiveness of the frequency response tailoring and the peak sharpening processing modes of the formant-based (FB) processor in conjunction with a cochlear implant and as an independent hearing aid. Subjects were 5 postlinguistically deafened implant users (aged 36-75 yrs) including 4 Subjects with a severe hearing loss in the unimplanted ear and one Subject with a profound hearing loss (PHL) in the unimplanted ear (Exp 1), a postlinguistically deafened adult with a PHL (Exp 2), and 4 adults with normal hearing levels (Exp 3). Initial evaluations of the peak sharpening mode produced small improvements in speech perception for all Subjects. Subjects in Exp 1 scored 7% higher on average, the Subject in Exp 2 scored ll% higher, and Subjects in Exp 3 showed a mean improvement of 19% in the perception of vowels. Results suggest modest improvements in quiet and in noise when FB processing for hearing aid is used. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 45. Author: Ponton, Curtis W.; Don, Manuel; Waring, Michael D.; Eggermont, Jos J.; and others. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Electrophysiology Lab, Los Angeles, CA, US. Title: Spatio-temporal source modeling of evoked potentials to acoustic and cochlear implant stimulation. Source: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials, 1993 Nov-Dec, v88 (n6):478-493. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Evoked Potentials. Auditory Stimulation. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Cortex. Electrical Activity. Models. Aurally Handicapped. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic or cochlear implant stimulation, loci of EPs in auditory cortex, normal hearing 24-34 vs 8-56 yr olds with cochlear implants, application of spatiotemporal source model. Abstract: Used spatio-temporal source modeling (STSM) to estimate the loci and characteristics of cortical activity evoked by acoustic stimulation in 9 normal hearing Subjects (aged 24-34) and by electrical stimulation in 5 cochlear implant (CI) Subjects (aged 8, 11, 52, 56, and 56 yrs). In both groups of Subjects, sources of cortical activity had similar locations in the auditory cortex. STSM also may have distinguished between non-auditory and auditory implant-evoked responses. Subjects whose CIs provided auditory sensations and Subjects with normal hearing had similar source activity, while an Subject whose implant activation evoked eyelid movements exhibited different source wave forms. Findings indicated that STSM may be useful for objective evaluation of cochleotopic activation of auditory cortex in multi-channel implant users. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 46. Author: Carney, Arlene E.; Osberger, Mary J.; Carney, Edward; Robbins, Amy M.; and others. Affiliation: Boys Town National Research Hosp, Omaha, NE, US. Title: A comparison of speech discrimination with cochlear implants and tactile aids. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Oct, v94 (n4):2036-2049. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Prostheses. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech contrast, discrimination of suprasegmental & segmental speech, profoundly hearing impaired children with single vs multichannel cochlear implant vs vibrotactile aid. Abstract: Compared the overall speech discrimination abilities of 48 profoundly hearing-impaired with different sensory aids (single- and multichannel cochlear implants and 2-channel vibrotactile aid). Also examined were (1) the discrimination ability within and among device groups for 9 suprasegmental and segmental speech contrasts and (2) the effects of individual Subject performance for different sensory aids and for different speech contrasts. Subjects performed a change-no change task to detect changes in the repetition of a consonant-vowel syllable. Complex patterns of speech cues appeared to be available to all 3 Subject groups; however, there were differences in discrimination performance for different devices, for different speech contrasts, and for individual Subjects. All Subject groups performed well on short-long contrast and significantly poorer on voicing contrasts. Multichannel implants enabled better performance on male-female contrasts. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 47. Author: Kampfe, Charlene M.; Harrison, Melody; Oettinger, Tambry; Ludington, Jane; and others. Affiliation: U Arizona, Tucson, US. Title: Parental expectations as a factor in evaluating children for the multichannel cochlear implant. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1993 Jul, v138 (n3):297-303. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Expectations. Parents. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Expectations & evaluation of multichannel cochlear implant, parents of deaf children. Abstract: Discusses issues surrounding parental expectations of the cochlear implant (CLI), a new assistive device for profoundly deaf children. It is argued that because parental expectations are sometimes unreasonably high, CLI teams need to be aware of the dynamics involved in expectations and of ways to help parents come to a realistic understanding of the benefits and limitations of implants. Parents' expectations may be broadened by introducing them to parents of children who have implants; showing them videotapes of, or allowing them to observe, the speech and language skills of children with CLIs; and providing them with objective information about outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 48. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: The perception of temporal modulations by cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Jul, v94 (n1):124-131. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Thresholds. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Auditory thresholds & sensitivity to temporal modulations, deaf 19-70 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Assessed the sensitivity of 7 cochlear implant patients (aged 19-70 yrs) to temporal modulations and examined whether the performance of the 3 Subjects who were deafened prior to full development of auditory and speech skills was similar to that of the 4 postlingually deafened (PLD) Subjects. Exp 1 measured detection thresholds for modulated pulse duration (MPD) for a series of modulation frequencies at 4 rates of stimulation. Exp 2 compared detection thresholds for MPD for 3 reference durations. Exp 3 measured limens for modulation depth discrimination. The performance of the PLD Subjects was generally better than that of the 3 Subjects who became deaf in early childhood. Findings suggest that perceptual skills for processing amplitude variation are independent of the degree of hearing impairment and the method (acoustical vs electrical) of stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 49. Author: Hirsch, H. G. Affiliation: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technishe Hochschule Aachen, Inst fur Nachrichtengerate und Datenverarbeitung, Germany. Title: Intelligibility improvement of noisy speech for people with cochlear implants. Special Issue: Speech processing in adverse conditions. Source: Speech Communication, 1993 Jul, v12 (n3):261-266. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Auditory Stimulation. Speech Perception. Deaf. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Auditory Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Preprocessing single channel noise suppression techniques, speech intelligibility, deaf Subjects with cochlear implants. Abstract: Because of the limited number of electrodes in a cochlear implant and the simple speech analysis technique, deaf people have problems understanding speech under noisy or reverberating conditions. The degradation of speech intelligibility is much more severe for deaf than for normal binaural hearing people. In a 1st approach additive, researchers examined nearly stationary noise using a noise suppression algorithm for preprocessing; intelligibility experiments were carried out with 7 deaf Subjects. Best results for improving the intelligibility of noisy speech for people with cochlear implants were achieved using a modified spectral subtraction technique. Findings show it is more effective to leave a small amount of background noise than to eliminate noise altogether. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 50. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Kirk, Karen Iler. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Vowel and diphthong production by young users of cochlear implants and the relationship between the phonetic level evaluation and spontaneous speech. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1993 Jun, v36 (n3):488-502. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Pronunciation. Phonetics. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Vowel & diphthong production during spontaneous speech & performance on Phonetic Level Evaluation, prelingually deaf preschool & school age children with cochlear implants. Abstract: Assessed how the vowel and diphthong production of young users of cochlear implants varied over time and how performance on the Phonetic Level Evaluation (PLE) corresponded with vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speech. Eight children with prelingual deafness were tested with the PLE on 5 occasions; before receiving a Cochlear Corporation Nucleus cochlear implant and at 5 points afterward. Ages at implantation ranged from 3 yrs 11 mo to 7 yrs 5 mo. The correlations between the PLE and the spontaneous speech measures were weak, suggesting that performance on the PLE has low predictive value for vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speaking. The results from the spontaneous speech samples collected over time suggest that 2 changes occurred: (1) vowel and diphthong production became more diverse and (2) production became more accurate. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 51. DISSERTATION Author: Grey, Polly Shipp. Affiliation: U Florida, US. Title: The effect of DAF on speech production of post-lingual cochlear implant users. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1993 Apr, v53 (n10-B):5136. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Delayed Auditory Feedback. Deaf. Oral Communication. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Simultaneous vs delayed auditory feedback, speech production, 31-61 yr old postlingually deaf cochlear implant users. 52. Author: Lane, Harlan. Affiliation: Northeastern U, Boston, MA, US. Title: Vue historique de la medicalisation de la surdite de culture. (Historical view of the medicalization of deaf children.). Source: Psychanalystes, 1993 Spring-Summer (n46-47):173-187. References. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Minority Groups. Labeling. Sensory Handicaps (Attit Toward). Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Medicalization of deafness vs recognition as cultural minority, deaf children, US. Abstract: Deplores the misconception of deafness in the US where being deaf is represented as an infirmity so serious as to justify still-experimental cochlear-implant surgery in very young children. The medicalization of deafness, a minority culture with its own language (American Sign Language) and a rich artistic and literary history, is the result of ignorance on the part of the hearing majority, and of political expediency by the audiologistic establishment. Deaf people do not need medical treatment, nor surgery, nor "special education," only the recognition accorded to other cultural minorities. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 53. Author: Osberger, Mary J.; Maso, Monica; Sam, Leslie K. Affiliation: Indiana U School of Medicine, DeVault Otologic Research Lab, Indianapolis, US. Title: Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants, tactile aids, or hearing aids. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1993 Feb, v36 (n1):186-203. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tactual Displays. Deaf. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Speech Characteristics. Prostheses. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Onset (Disorders). Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implants vs tactile vs hearing aids, speech intelligibility, children with early vs late onset deafness. Abstract: Speech intelligibility was measured in 31 children who used the 3M/House single-channel implant, the Nucleus 22-Channel Cochlear Implant System, or the Tactaid II+ 2-channel vibrotactile aid. Subjects were divided into subgroups based on age at onset of deafness (early or late). Speech intelligibility of the experimental Subjects was compared to that of 14 children who were profoundly hearing impaired who used conventional hearing aids or no sensory aid. Subjects with early onset of deafness who received their single- or multichannel cochlear implant before age 10 yrs demonstrated the highest speech intelligibility, whereas Subjects who did not receive their device until after age 10 had the poorest speech intelligibility. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 54. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Electrode position, repetition rate, and speech perception by early- and late-deafened cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Feb, v93 (n2):1058-1067. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Speech Perception. Age Differences. Deaf. Prostheses. Auditory Discrimination. Onset (Disorders). School Age Children. Aged. Psychophysics. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Electrode position & repetition rate, psychophysical discrimination of symmetric trajectory pairs & speech perception, early vs late deafened cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Examined the discrimination of symmetric trajectory pairs with time-varying electrode positions and repetition rates by 4 early-deafened and 4 late-deafened patients, all of whom were using the Cochlear Pty Ltd. prosthesis. The speech perception performance of the 8 Subjects was measured with 2 speech coding strategies: multi-electrode and single electrode. The psychophysical data indicated that some early-deafened Subjects were less successful than the late-deafened Subjects in discriminating electrode position trajectories. Variability in performance among the 4 early-deafened Subjects in psychophysical and speech perception studies requiring the perception of electrode position appeared to be related to age at the onset of profound hearing impairment and the duration of deafness before implantation. Subjects showed considerable consistency in psychophysical and speech perception performance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 55. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Dillier, Norbert; Bogli, Hans; Spillmann, Thomas. Affiliation: University Hosp, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Zurich, Switzerland. Title: Speech discrimination via cochlear implants with two different digital speech processing strategies: Preliminary results for 7 patients. Hearing Impairment and Signal-Processing Hearing Aids Workshop II (1991, London, England). Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1993, v22 (nSuppl 38):145-153. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Partially Hearing Impaired. Speech Perception. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Cochlear implant with pitch excited vs continuous interleaved digital speech processing strategy, vowel & consonant identification, cochlear implant users, conference presentation. Abstract: Used 2 processing approaches in the laboratory system of a cochlear implant digital speech processor for the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear prosthesis. The 1st approach, pitch excited sampler, was based on the classical channel vocoder concept. The 2nd approach, continuous interleaved sampler, used a stimulation pulse rate independent of the input signal. Evaluation experiments with 7 experienced cochlear implant users showed significantly better performance in consonant identification tests with the new processing strategies than with the Subjects' own wearable speech processors, whereas improvements in vowel identification tasks were rarely observed. Optimization and fine-tuning of processing parameters for these coding strategies require more data both from speech identification and discrimination as well as psychophysical experiments. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 56. Author: Lynch, Abbyann. Affiliation: Hosp for Sick Children, Bioethics Dept, Toronto, ON, Canada. Title: Paediatric cochlear implantation: A challenging ethical dilemma. Special Issue: Viewpoints on ethical practice. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Dec, v16 (n4):313-324. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Professional Ethics. Prostheses. Cochlea. Children. Population terms: Human. Child. General terms: Experimentation. Key phrase: Ethical issues in research & therapeutic use of pediatric cochlear implantation, children. Abstract: Contends that the development and initial use of the pediatric cochlear implant have introduced a number of medical, scientific, and technological challenges. Response to such challenges requires recognition in concept as well as in practice that the activity in question is truly multidisciplinary and that the activity is truly therapy-being-researched. Even though there is acceptance of the device and the implantation surgery, as long as the needed ancillary services are still in the process of research and until there is professional acceptance of some recognized criteria in these areas, the procedure as a whole must be seen as a kind of research, and thus subject to certain research ethics requirements. In the case of children, these include concern for consent, harm/benefit ratio, fairness and confidentiality, and the best interests of the child. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 57. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Moore, Brian C. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Consonant recognition by some of the better cochlear-implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Dec, v92 (n6):3068-3077. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Consonants. Speech Perception. Language. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Consonant recognition, native speakers of English vs German vs French with cochlear implants, US & Europe. Abstract: Two experiments using nonsense-syllable tests evaluated the consonant recognition skills of 54 US and European patients with different types of cochlear implants. In Exp 1, a test was developed to determine consonant recognition with an accent that was appropriate for each Subject's particular language (i.e., French, German, English). In Exp 2, a test was designed to compare performance among Subjects who speak these different native languages, using identical test stimuli. At least 3 features were used by the Subjects: (1) some amplitude/temporal envelope cues, present in the nasal, voicing, and duration feature; (2) frication, the presence of higher frequency aperiodic noise; and (3) place information, association with spectral differences. The place feature was transmitted poorly by all types of implants, whether single- or multichannel. Data suggest that implant processing designs could benefit from enhancing all speech features. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 58. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luther; Smith, Michael; Parkin, James. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: The coding of vowel identity by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Dec, v92 (n6):3428-3431. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Speech Perception. Vowels. Prostheses. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Time waveform in vs distribution of energy among electrode channels, coding of formant frequency in vowel recognition, patients with Ineraid cochlear implant, letter. Abstract: Assessed how 6 patients using the 4-channel Ineraid cochlear implant coded formant frequency in the service of vowel recognition. The goal was to determine whether Subjects would identify vowels on the basis of time waveforms in the channels or on the basis of the distribution of energy among the channels. Stimuli were 3 steady-state vowels. Four computer-controlled digital attenuators were inserted in the circuit between the Ineraid processor and the Subject to create signals with conflicting cues to vowel identity. When the amplitude profile of 1 vowel was changed to that of a 2nd vowel and the temporal cues were left unchanged, Subjects generally reported the 2nd vowel. Data suggest that temporal factors play little role in the coding of vowel formant frequencies and that the pattern of energy along the electrically stimulated cochlea is the principle cue to vowel identity. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 59. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luke M.; Dankowski, Korine; McCandless, Geary; and others. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: Long-term measures of electrode impedance and auditory thresholds for the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Oct, v35 (n5):1126-1130. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Prostheses. Aurally Handicapped. Auditory Thresholds. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Adulthood. Longitudinal Studies. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Impedance of current carrying vs non-current-carrying electrodes & auditory detection thresholds for electrical stimuli, patients with Ineraid cochlear prosthesis, 3 yr study. Abstract: Measures of electrode impedance and detection thresholds for electrical stimuli were extracted from the records of 19 patients implanted with the Ineraid cochlear prosthesis. An analysis of impedance measures, obtained 1, 12, 24, and 36 mo after surgery, demonstrated (1) significant decreases in impedance over the 1st yr for electrodes that carried current and (2) significant increases in impedance at 24 and 36 mo for electrodes that did not carry current. An analysis of detection thresholds, obtained at the same times as the impedance measures, demonstrated that averaged thresholds for the current-carrying electrodes varied no more than 0.5 db over the 3-yr period. Results support the conclusion that stimulation with the Ineraid device does not produce deleterious changes in electrodes or target neural tissue. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 60. Author: Rabinowitz, W. M.; Eddington, D. K.; Delhorne, L. A.; Cuneo, P. A. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, US. Title: Relations among different measures of speech reception in subjects using a cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Oct, v92 (n4, Pt 1):1869-1881. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Speech Perception. Deaf. Prostheses. Word Recognition. Aged. Very Old. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Isolated vs in sentence word vs speech segment recognition in measurement of speech reception, postlingually deafened 30-87 yr olds with multichannel cochlear implants. Abstract: Explored quantitative relations among measures of speech reception (SPR) in 23 postlingually deafened individuals (aged 30-87 yrs) who were implanted with a multichannel cochlear prosthesis. SPR was assessed by repeated administration of measures of isolated word recognition, word recognition in sentences, and speech segment recognition. When applied to the broad range of SPR abilities exhibited among these Subjects, high correlations existed among direct and estimated measures of word and phoneme recognition. This finding indicates that the choice of measure for studying SPR in implantees is of minor importance. Studies concerning limited auditory and tactual presentation of speech are discussed, and the relation between consonant identification and word recognition is exploited to interpret and predict SPR performance with a variety of auditory prostheses. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 61. Author: Van Tasell, Dianne J.; Greenfield, Donna G.; Logemann, Joelle J.; Nelson, David A. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Minneapolis, US. Title: Temporal cues for consonant recognition: Training, talker generalization, and use in evaluation of cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1247-1257. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Characteristics. Practice. Speech Perception. Consonants. Hearing Aids. Temporal Frequency. Aged. Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Temporal characteristics of speech & practice & number of talkers, consonant recognition, normal hearing adults vs 44-65 yr olds with cochlear implants, comparison with other data. Abstract: Two experiments with 24 normal-hearing adults were undertaken to define the range of consonant recognition performance that might be expected from Subjects listening to a speech that contained only temporal information. The effects of practice with 1 talker and with additional talkers were assessed. Results were compared with consonant-recognition data for users of cochlear implant devices. There was consonant information at envelope bandwidths of 150-200 Hz. The effects of 1 talker vs 6 talkers were minimal. However, when multiple talkers' utterances are included in the stimulus set, very little consonant could be extracted from the temporal characteristics of that stimulus set. Variance among Subjects was large and did not diminish with practice. Strictly valid comparisons with cochlear implant users could not be made due to differences in training conditions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 62. Author: Tartter, Vivien C.; Hellman, Sharon A.; Chute, Patricia M. Affiliation: City U New York, City Coll, US. Title: Vowel perception strategies of normal-hearing subjects and patients using Nucleus multichannel and 3M/House cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1269-1283. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Cochlea. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Vowel perception strategies, deaf school age children to adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated vowel identification and confusion in 3 single-electrode and 4 multichannel cochlear implant users. Analyses focused on duration and on frequency manipulation for fundamental, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd formants for real and synthetic versions of the same vowels. Six undergraduates served as controls. Normal-hearing Subjects were highly accurate with synthetic and real speech, confusing only 1 pair of similar vowels. Normal-hearing Subjects did maintain a modal response of (i) in the absence of the characteristic high 2nd formant for a synthesized (i). Implant users did use spectral information provided by the 1st and 2nd formants, resulting in 10-35% performance by single-electrode users and 30-40% performance in multichannel users. The 2 groups of implant users differed in the effects of manipulating vowel duration. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 63. Author: Svirsky, Mario A.; Lane, Harlan; Perkell, Joseph S.; Wozniak, Jane. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, US. Title: Effects of short-term auditory deprivation on speech production in adult cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1284-1300. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Hearing Aids. Deprivation. Oral Communication. Deaf. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Short term auditory deprivation, speech production, deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Studied the temporal relations between control of speech production parameters and access to auditory information in 3 postlingually deafened users of cochlear implants. Segmental and breathing parameter measures were taken during a 24-hr period of auditory deprivation and after resumed use of the speech processor. Abnormal parameter measures resulted during the deprivation period, but afterwards many parameters changed back in the direction of normalcy for all Subjects. Results suggest that auditory feedback is involved in the long-term calibration of articulatory parameters and in short-term fine tuning. In the absence of auditory feedback Subjects may use nonauditory afferent information and/or overlearned articulatory routines. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 64. Author: Economou, Alexandra; Tartter, Vivien C.; Chute, Patricia M.; Hellman, Sharon A. Affiliation: City U New York, City Coll, US. Title: Speech changes following reimplantation from a single-channel to a multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1310-1323. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Auditory Perception. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Preadolescents. Articulation (Speech). Electrical Stimulation. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech & acoustic changes in suprasegmental & segmental production following reimplantation from single to multichannel cochlear implant, deaf preadolescent female who lost her hearing at age 6.5 yrs. Abstract: Assessed acoustic changes in suprasegmental and segmental production in a preteenage girl who had lost her hearing at age 6.5 yrs due to meningitis. Subject had received a 3M/House single-channel cochlear implant 1.5 yrs later. There was a period when the implant failed and auditory feedback was lost. Comparisons made after auditory feedback was restored suggested a long-term positive effect from implantation. Factors may involve the particular device as well as the age of onset and duration of deafness. Duration-based speech parameters were not affected. Three listeners judged the 3M/House implant to be superior to a multichannel Nucleus implant. However, after 1 yr of Nucleus use, improvement was noted in appropriate contrastive stress, expanded vowel space, cutback in 1st formant for voicelessness, and greater selectivity in the frication spectrum for (s), among other things. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 65. Author: Fryauf-Bertschy, Holly; Tyler, Richard S.; Kelsay, Danielle M.; Gantz, Bruce J. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Performance over time of congenitally deaf and postlingually deafened children using a multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Aug, v35 (n4):913-920. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Deaf. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implant, speech perception, congenitally vs postlingually deaf 3-15 yr olds. Abstract: Compared the speech perception performance of 10 congenitally deaf (CD) and 3 postlingually deafened (PLD) children who received a multichannel cochlear implant when they were 3-15 yrs old. Subjects were tested preimplant and at 6-mo intervals up to 2 yrs using the Monosyllable-Trochee-Spondee test, the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test, and 2 word lists. PLD Subjects exhibited significantly improved performance on open- and closed-set tests of word recognition after 6 mo of implant use. In contrast, CD Subjects did not exhibit measurably improved performance on speech perception tests until after 12 mo or more of implant use. With as much as 18-24 mo of use, some CD Subjects demonstrated limited open-set word recognition. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 66. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Preece, John P.; Lansing, Charissa R.; Gantz, Bruce J. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Natural vowel perception by patients with the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Audiology, 1992 Jul-Aug, v31 (n4):228-239. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Speech Perception. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Speech Pitch. Stimulus Duration. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Natural vowel perception & transmission of formant & fundamental frequency & vowel duration, deaf 21-59 yr olds with Ineraid cochlear implant. Abstract: Vowel recognition was tested in 10 patients (aged 21-59 yrs) using the Ineraid cochlear implant. Nine vowel sounds were recorded by a male speaker. Performance varied from 34 to 93% correct. A descriptive feature system for the vowels was determined from an acoustic analysis. An information transfer analysis of these features suggested that information about the 1st formant frequency, vowel duration, and fundamental frequency was transmitted. Information about the 2nd and 3rd formant frequency was transmitted less well. A sequential information transmission analysis suggested that the features of the 1st formant and duration accounted for nearly 80% of the information transmitted. The fundamental frequency and 2nd formant frequency information accounted for an additional 8%. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 67. Author: Gagne, Jean-Pierre. Affiliation: U Western Ontario, Elborn Coll Hearing Health Care Research Unit, London, Canada. Title: Ancillary aural rehabilitation services for adult cochlear implant recipients: A review and analysis of the literature. Special Issue: Cochlear implants. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Jun, v16 (n2):121-128. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Rehabilitation. Deaf. Cochlea. Prostheses. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Ancillary aurae rehabilitation programs, adult postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. Abstract: Summarizes the benefits of cochlear implants and analyzes ancillary aural rehabilitation (AR) programs provided to adult postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients (CIRs). The components of AR programs designed for adult CIRs are described, and studies that investigated the effectiveness of postimplant ancillary AR programs are reviewed. Benefits of cochlear implants include improved perception of speech stimuli and environmental sounds. Also, many CIRs experience postimplant improvements in their emotional, psychological, and psychosocial well-being. It is noted that ancillary AR services are an important component of cochlear implantation; these services include fitting and adjustment of the speech processing device, training in skills such as speech production, and providing informational or personal counseling. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 68. Author: Geers, Ann E.; Moog, Jean S. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: The Central Institute for the Deaf cochlear implant study: A progress report. Special Issue: Cochlear implants. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Jun, v16 (n2):129-140. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Oral Communication. Infants. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Language. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implant vs tactile vs hearing aids, speech perception & production & language performance, profoundly hearing impaired 1.7-12.2 yr olds. Abstract: Examined the speech perception, speech production, and language performance of 18 profoundly hearing-impaired children (aged 1 yr 8 mo to 12 yrs 2 mo) using Nucleus 22 multichannel cochlear implants, Tactaid tactile aids, or hearing aids after 1, 2, or 3 yrs of use. Data were taken from a longitudinal study at the Central Institute for the Deaf. Subjects received auditory training as part of their regular school program. The Nucleus 22 implant with intensive auditory and speech training resulted in larger improvements in speech perception, lipreading enhancement, and speech production skills than were observed in matched Subjects with Tactaids or hearing aids. Differences in spoken language acquisition were less clear, with greater improvement in both implant and Tactaid Subjects when compared with the group using the hearing aid. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 69. Author: Shallop, Jon K.; Arndt, Patti L.; Turnacliff, Kristin A. Affiliation: Denver Ear Inst, Englewood, CO, US. Title: Expanded indications for cochlear implantation: Perceptual results in seven adults with residual hearing. Special Issue: Cochlear implants. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Jun, v16 (n2):141-148. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Hearing Aids. Auditory Perception. Deaf. Speech Perception. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Cochlear implant with vs without contralateral acoustic hearing aid, sound detection & speech perception, severely to profoundly hearing impaired 39-77 yr olds with residual hearing. Abstract: Discusses the application of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System in 7 severely to profoundly hearing-impaired adults who demonstrated marginal benefit from conventional amplification preoperatively. Subjects showed significant improvements in sound detection, phoneme identification, and open-set speech recognition both when using the implant alone and in combination with a contralateral acoustic hearing aid. Thus, it may be appropriate to expand the indications for cochlear implantation to include hearing-impaired individuals with minimal aided speech recognition abilities. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 70. Author: McDermott, Hugh J.; McKay, Colette M.; Vandali, Andrew E. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: A new portable sound processor for the University of Melbourne/Nucleus Limited multielectrode cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Jun, v91 (n6):3367-3371. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Speech Perception. Deaf. Prostheses. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implant with spectral maxima sound vs mini speech processor, speech perception, profoundly deaf. Abstract: Compared performance using the spectral maxima sound processor (SMSP), developed for use with an advanced multichannel cochlear implant, with that using the mini speech processor (MSP). Two Subjects were tested using the CNC word tests (G. Peterson and I. Lehiste, 1962), open-set lists of 50 phonemically balanced monosyllables. For every speech perception test, the average score by both Subjects using the SMSP exceeded that obtained using the MSP. The 1st Subject obtained significantly better scores with the SMSP for both confusion tests and for CNC word, phoneme, and consonant scores, for sentence tests and for CNC vowel scores. The 2nd Subject obtained better scores in all categories except the CNC vowel scores. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 71. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, Iowa City, US. Title: Young cochlear implant users' response to delayed auditory feedback. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Jun, v91 (n6):3483-3486. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Delayed Auditory Feedback. Deaf. Prostheses. Cochlea. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Response to delayed auditory feedback, prelingually vs postlingually deaf 5-12 yr olds with multichannel cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated the response of young cochlear implant users to delayed auditory feedback (DAF) to determine whether the electrical signal from a multichannel cochlear implant can convey enough information to induce a response to DAF and whether prelingually deafened (PRD) children demonstrate a response following implantation. Eight PRD and 2 postlingually deafened (PSD) children (aged 5-12 yrs) wearing cochlear implants recorded speech samples without (control) and with DAF. Three PRD and 2 PSD Subjects produced longer phase durations in the DAF than in the control condition, 1 PRD Subject showed longer durations in the control condition, and the remaining Subjects had similar durations in both conditions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 72. Author: Kirk, Karen I.; Tye-Murray, Nancy; Hurtig, Richard R. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: The use of static and dynamic vowel cues by multichannel cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Jun, v91 (n6):3487-3498. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Characteristics. Vowels. Deaf. Prostheses. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Utilization of static & dynamic speech cues in vowel identification, 24-60 yr olds with multichannel cochlear implant. Abstract: Employed a vowel identification paradigm to examine cochlear implant users' (CIUs') utilization of static and dynamic speech cues. 10 Nucleus and 10 Ineraid CIUs and 12 normal-hearing controls (all Subjects aged 24-60 yrs) heard 9 stimulus conditions presented over a loudspeaker 1 m from 1 ear. Subjects adjusted the volume or sensitivity setting to a comfortable level. During orientation Subjects listened to 1 exemplar of each vowel. During practice and testing periods, each vowel was randomly presented 5 times, and no feedback was provided. Many CIUs were able to make some use of the dynamic information for vowel identification. Also, word recognition was significantly correlated with the ability to use dynamic transition information. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 73. Author: Perkell, Joseph; Lane, Harlan; Svirsky, Mario; Webster, Jane. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, US. Title: Speech of cochlear implant patients: A longitudinal study of vowel production. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 May, v91 (n5):2961-2978. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Medical Therapeutic Devices. Vowels. Speech Characteristics. Deaf. Longitudinal Studies. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Ineraid cochlear implant, vowel production, deaf adults, longitudinal study. Abstract: Examined vowel production in 2 male and 2 female patients before and after they received 4-channel Ineraid cochlear implants. All of the measured parameters changed with activation of the Subjects' speech processors. The changes suggest that the Subjects were attempting to correct "discrepancies" that they detected between characteristics of their own speech and the speech of those around them. There were trends toward normative patterns among the 2 female Subjects, who were deafened in adulthood, but generally not among the 2 males, who were deafened in childhood. Results suggest that production gains are governed at least as much by prior linguistic experience as by perceptual gains. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 74. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Iowa City, US. Title: Preparing for communication interactions: The value of anticipatory strategies for adults with hearing impairment. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Apr, v35 (n2):430-435. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Perception. Interpersonal Communication. Partially Hearing Impaired. Instructional Media. Practice. Hearing Aids. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Workbook activities vs situation specific lipreading practice, speech recognition in communication interactions, normal hearing adults vs hearing impaired cochlear implant users. Abstract: Exp 1 evaluated the effectiveness of 2 types of anticipatory strategies: workbook activities and situation-specific lipreading practice. Two groups of 20 normal-hearing college students were asked to prepare for a communication interaction in a bank setting where they would be required to recognize speech using only the visual signal. A 3rd group of 10 Subjects were controls. Exp 2 evaluated whether multifaceted anticipatory practice improved 8 cochlear implant users' ability to recognize statements and words audiovisually that might occur in a doctor's office, bank, movie theater, and gas station. Eight Subjects with cochlear implants were controls. In both experiments, Subjects who used anticipatory strategies did not improve their performance on situation-specific sentence tests more than the control Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 75. Author: Shannon, Robert V. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Los Angeles, CA, US. Title: Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Apr, v91 (n4, Pt 1):2156-2164. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch Perception. Cochlea. Prostheses. Pitch (Frequency). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Ability to detect low frequency electrical waveforms & modulation of high frequency stimuli, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Compared 10 implant patients' ability to detect low-frequency (LFQ) electrical waveforms and LFQ modulation of high-frequency stimuli. For all Subjects, temporal modulation transfer functions had about the same shape, regardless of carrier frequency or level, whether the Subject was detecting a LFQ electrical sinusoid or LFQ modulations in the envelope of a high-frequency stimulus. Implanted Subjects were most sensitive to modulations of sinusoidal current at 50-100 Hz and required larger modulation for detection of frequencies higher than 100 Hz. In some implanted listeners, modulation thresholds decreased for modulation frequencies lower than 80 Hz as well. These same characteristics occurred in all 3 sets of curves: absolute thresholds, beat detection, and modulation detection thresholds. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 76. Author: Gfeller, Kate; Lansing, Charissa. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Musical perception of cochlear implant users as measured by the Primary Measures of Music Audiation: An item analysis. Source: Journal of Music Therapy, 1992 Spring, v29 (n1):18-39. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Music. Auditory Perception. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. General terms: Measurement. Key phrase: Assessment of music perception with Primary Measures of Music Audiation, postlingually deafened 28-74 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Evaluated the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA) as a test of musical perception for postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant (CI) users and determined test outcome on the rhythm and tonal subtests of the PMMA. Subjects were 34 postlingually deafened adults (aged 28-74 yrs) with CI experience. Comparisons were made across CI types (nucleus and ineraid devices) and across rhythm and tonal subtests. The PMMA was found to be usable with minor adjustments. CI users were significantly more accurate on the rhythm than the tonal subtest. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 77. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Psychophysical studies using a multiple-electrode cochlear implant in patients who were deafened early in life. Source: Audiology, 1992 Mar-Apr, v31 (n2):95-111. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Auditory Perception. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Current level & repetition rate & electrode position of stimuli, identification & discrimination & detection & numerosity, 5.4-23.1 yr old cochlear implant patients deafened prior to 4 yrs of age. Abstract: Conducted psychophysical studies on 10 cochlear implant patients (aged 5 yrs 5 mo to 23 yrs 1 mo) at the time of surgery, who were deafened prior to 4 yrs of age. Identification studies, the recognition of 2-4 stimuli after some training, were conducted on 3 of the Subjects. For current level and repetition rate identification, performance was comparable with that observed for postlingual adult (PLA) patients, but for electrode position identification it was much poorer. The difference limens for current level, repetition rate and duration, and the gap detection thresholds were similar to those observed for PLAs. For 3 Subjects with Usher's syndrome, the repetition rate limens at higher rates were larger. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 78. Author: Delhom, Florence; Picard, Michel; Barbarosie, Constanta. Affiliation: U Montreal, Sciences Biomedicales, PQ, Canada. Title: L'ecoute avec implant cochleaire multi-canal: mediation cognitive et implications relatives aux strategies de readaptation. / Multichannel cochlear implants: Cognitive mediation and implications for rehabilitation strategies. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Mar, v16 (n1):31-43. References. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Word Recognition. Prostheses. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Speech & word perception, patients with multichannel cochlear implants, implications for rehabilitation strategies & cognitive mediation. Abstract: Discusses factors that influence differences in the perception of words by patients with multichannel cochlear implants. The problems of psychoacoustic analysis are reviewed, and the psycholinguistic and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in hearing and understanding words are described. Experimental indications of the importance of cognitive factors for hearing with cochlear implants and their implications for treatment are considered. Related topics that are considered include acquired deafness and cognitive auditory factors. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 79. DISSERTATION Author: Kirk, Karen I. Affiliation: U Iowa, US. Title: The use of static and dynamic vowel cues by multichannel cochlear implant patients. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1992 Jan, v52 (n7-B):3512. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Contextual Associations. Cochlea. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Partially Hearing Impaired. Vowels. Cues. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Consonantal context & cochlear corporation vs ineraid multichannel implants & dynamic vs steady state formant transition & duration cues, vowel identification, implant patients. 80. Author: Formby, C.; Morgan, L. N.; Forrest, T. G.; Raney, J. J. Affiliation: Johns Hopkins U School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US. Title: The role of frequency selectivity in measures of auditory and vibrotactile temporal resolution. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Jan, v91 (n1):293-305. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch Discrimination. Auditory Thresholds. Vibrotactile Thresholds. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Frequency selectivity, auditory & vibrotactile temporal resolution, normal hearing 18-38 yr olds, implications for hearing impaired. Abstract: Exps 1 and 2, with 3 normal-hearing Subjects (aged 24-30 yrs), measured auditory (AUD) and vibrotactile (VIB) temporal modulation transfer functions and gap detection thresholds as a function of marker frequency (FRE) separation. The same Subjects, similar forced-choice methods, and similar stimuli were used for each task and both modalities. These data enabled the comparison of the role of FRE selectivity in AUD and VIB performance. In Exp 3, with 3 new, experienced Subjects (aged 18-38 yrs), rate discrimination data were measured as a function of sinusoidal-amplitude modulation FRE for AUD and VIB presentations. FRE selectivity also proved to be a factor in these measurements. Findings may be useful for (1) establishing whether a hearing-impaired person is a candidate for receiving a cochlear implant or (2) as an aid in tailoring rehabilitative and educational services for severely and profoundly hearing-impaired children. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 81. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: O'Connor, Cathleen A.; Coligado, Eric J.; Wiet, Richard J.; Sahgal, Vinod. Affiliation: Chicago Otology Group, Hinsdale, IL, US. Title: Multichannel cochlear implantation in a severely disabled traumatic brain injury patient: A case study. Annual Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology Summer Institute (1992, Austin, Texas). Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1992, v25:33-42. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Brain Damaged. Surgery. Auditory Perception. Hearing Disorders. Case Report. Quality of Life. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implantation & postoperative training, audiometric & speech recognition & quality of life, brain injured 26 yr old male with sensorineural loss, case report. Abstract: Describes a multichannel cochlear implantation in a 26-yr-old male patient with cognitive and communication deficits 2 yrs after traumatic brain injury with severe to profound sensorineural loss. Audiometric and speech recognition testing were conducted 2, 5, and 14 mo after implantation. Evaluation process counseling included education on the function of the normal ear, hearing loss, cochlear implant, operation of the device, surgical risk, postoperative course, and initial stimulation. Results indicate improvement in objective parameters as well as subjective improvements in quality of patient life. This form of treatment should be provided only when the patient can cooperate and has the motivation to participate in postoperative training. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 82. Author: Lansing, Charissa R. Affiliation: U Illinois, Champaign, US. Title: Communication management strategies requested by experienced cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1992, v25:130-145. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Interpersonal Communication. Questioning. Apparatus. Note Taking. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Note taking & request for aid in communication about route finding with normal hearing talker, 30-74 yr old experienced cochlear implant users. Abstract: 12 Subjects (aged 30-74 yrs), with a wide range of speech perception abilities and 30 mo of cochlear implant (CI) experience, attended to detailed route-finding directions presented by an unfamiliar, normally-hearing talker. Subjects took notes and requested aid, as necessary, in order to accurately retell the directions. The number of requests for aid ranged from 16 to 82 and percent accuracy scores ranged from 52 to 100, with confirmation being the most frequently requested communication strategy. Results underscore the variability in individual interactive styles independent of the number of communication management attempts or outcome accuracy. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 83. Author: Teig, Erik; Lindeman, Henrik H.; Flottorp, Gordon; Tvete, Ole; and others. Affiliation: U Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Norway. Title: Patient performance with two types of multiple electrode intracochlear implant. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1992, v21 (n2):93-99. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Pitch Perception. Deaf. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Symbion Ineraid vs Nucleus cochlear implant, speech discrimination & pitch perception, postlingually deaf adults, Norway. Abstract: Tested 9 persons with the Symbion Ineraid and 8 persons implanted with the Nucleus cochlear implant with the F0, F1, F2 coding strategy. All Subjects were postlingually totally deaf. All Subjects improved their communication skills when sound through the implant was added to lip-reading. All 9 Symbion Ineraid Subjects achieved some degree of open speech understanding without lip-reading. Four of the 8 Nucleus Subjects achieved some degree of open speech understanding without lip-reading. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 84. Author: Eisenwort, Brigitte; Burian, K. Affiliation: U Wien, Universitatsklinik fur Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten II, Vienna, Austria. Title: Zur Evaluierung der Sprachperzeption bei Kindern mit Cochlearimplantat: Ansatze zu einem neuen Testverfahren. / Evaluation of speech perception results in cochlear implant children: Development of a new test procedure. Source: Folia Phoniatrica, 1991 Sep-Oct, v43 (n5):254-260. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Test Construction. Hearing Aids. Hearing Disorders. Auditory Perception. Speech and Hearing Measures. Cochlea. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Development & application of Auditory Test Battery, assessment of acoustic orientation & speech perception, 4-13 yr olds with cochlear implants for severe hearing disorders, Austria. Abstract: Describes the development and application of the Auditory Test Battery, a series of German-language tests measuring acoustic orientation and speech perception in children with severe hearing disorders. The 7 subtests comprising this battery are reviewed, and test results are presented from 8 male and female Austrian children and adolescents (aged 4-13 yrs) with cochlear implants. (English & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 85. Author: Gfeller, Kate; Lansing, Charissa R. Affiliation: U Iowa School of Music, Iowa City, US. Title: Melodic, rhythmic, and timbral perception of adult cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1991 Aug, v34 (n4):916-920. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Auditory Perception. Deaf. Rhythm. Aged. Adulthood. Music. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Speech recognition & perceptual accuracy for melodic & rhythmic patterns & musical instrument quality, postlingually deaf 28-71 yr old Ineraid vs Nucleus cochlear implant users. Abstract: Investigated adult Ineraid and Nucleus cochlear implant (CI) users' perceptual accuracy for melodic and rhythmic patterns, and quality ratings for different musical instruments. Subjects were 18 postlingually deafened adults (aged 28-71 yrs) with CI experience. Evaluative measures included the Primary Measures of Music Audiation and a musical instrument quality rating. Results demonstrated a broad range of perceptual accuracy and quality ratings across Subjects. Performance for temporal contrasts was better than for melodic contrasts independent of CI device. The patterns of correlations between speech and music perception suggest that particular structural elements of music are differentially accessible to cochlear implant users. Notable qualitative differences for ratings of musical instruments were observed between Nucleus and Ineraid users. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 86. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Dankowski, Korine; McCandless, Geary; Parkin, James L.; and others. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: Vowel and consonant recognition with the aid of a multichannel cochlear implant. Special Issue: Hearing and speech. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1991 Aug, v43A (n3):585-601. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Vowels. Consonants. Auditory Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vowel & consonant recognition ability, 22-61 yr olds with multichannel cochlear implants. Abstract: Examined the vowel and consonant recognition ability of patients with a multichannel cochlear implant who achieved relatively good word identification scores. Exp 1, with 18 normal-hearing adults and 3 implantees (aged 22-56 yrs), assessed the contribution of cues to the identification of stop consonants. Exp 2, with 10 normal-hearing undergraduates and 6 implantees (aged 24-61 yrs), assessed the ability of implant patients to use temporal and frequency cues for phonetic categorization. Vowel recognition was accomplished by good resolution of the frequency of the 1st formant (F1) combined with poor resolution of the frequency of the 2nd formant. Consonant recognition was accomplished by using (1) information from the amplitude envelope, (2) F1 as an aid to the identification of manner and voicing, and (3) information from cochlear place of stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 87. Author: Wilson, Blake S.; Finley, Charles C.; Lawson, Dewey T.; Wolford, Robert D.; and others. Affiliation: Research Triangle Inst, Neuroscience Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, US. Title: Better speech recognition with cochlear implants. Source: Nature, 1991 Jul, v352 (n6332):236-238. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Continuous interleaved sampling strategy for multielectrode cochlear implants, speech recognition, hearing impaired experienced implant users. Abstract: Reported the comparison of a new sound processing strategy for multielectrode cochlear implants with a standard compressed analogue (CA) processor. Seven experienced implant users, selected for their excellent performance with the CA processor, participated. The CA processor presented analogue waveforms simultaneously to all electrodes, while the new continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategy presented brief pulses to each electrode in a nonoverlapping sequence. The new strategy produced large improvements in the scores of speech reception tests for all Subjects. These results have important implications for the treatment of deafness and for minimal representations of speech at the auditory periphery. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 88. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Soli, Sigfrid D.; Dankowski, Korine; Smith, Luke M. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: "Acoustic cues for consonant identification by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant": Erratum. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991 May, v89 (n5):2464. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Consonants. Hearing Aids. Recognition (Learning). Deaf. Cochlea. Cues. Errata. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic cues, consonant recognition, deaf 20-58 yr olds with Ineraid, erratum. Abstract: Reports an error in the original article by M. F. Dorman ( Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1990, Vol 88, 2074-2079). Errors appeared in Tables II and III; the corrected tables are provided. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in PA, Vol 78:12999.) Described the performance of 10 Ineraid patients (aged 20-58 yrs) on consonant recognition. The better Subjects effectively used amplitude envelope cues for consonant recognition (CR). The poorer Subjects did not use either envelope or frequency information effectively. Better CR might be obtained by encoding high-frequency (HF) energy in a different manner than usual. This might be done by routing HF information to more basal electrodes with a higher place pitch, by increasing the number of channels that carry HF information, or by reducing the electrical interaction among HF channels by using a nonsimultaneous excitation scheme. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 89. Author: Hellman, Sharon A.; Chute, Patricia M.; Kretschmer, Robert E.; Nevins, Mary E.; and others. Affiliation: Children's Hearing Inst, New York, NY, US. Title: The development of a children's implant profile. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1991 Apr, v136 (n2):77-81. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Test Construction. Cochlea. Prostheses. Profiles (Measurement). Deaf. Treatment Outcomes. Preschool Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Development & use of Children's Implant Profile, assessment of multiple variables in cochlear implant outcome, deaf 4 yr old male. Abstract: The development and use of the Children's Implant Profile (CIP) illustrates the assistance that multidisciplinary input brings to the decision-making process in cochlear implants. At least 11 factors appear to contribute to successful implantation. Individual profiles summarize the multiple variables that affect implant use. For these reasons, the CIP is meant to be used as a tool for team discussion and decision making, and not solely as a checklist of attributes that the child must pass to be an acceptable implant candidate. The interactions of cochlear implant team members are noted at 2 stages in determining a 4-yr-old boy's probable success with an implant. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 90. DISSERTATION Author: Hodges, Annelle V. Affiliation: U Virginia, US. Title: The relationship between electric auditory-evoked responses and psychophysical percepts obtained through a Nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1991 Jan, v51 (n7-B):3306. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Evoked Potentials. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Cochlea. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Auditory EPs, Nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant users. 91. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Soli, Sigfrid; Dankowski, Korine; Smith, Luke M.; and others. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: Acoustic cues for consonant identification by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1990 Nov, v88 (n5):2074-2079. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Consonants. Recognition (Learning). Hearing Aids. Deaf. Cues. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic cues, consonant recognition, deaf 20-58 yr olds with Ineraid cochlear implants. Abstract: Described the performance of 10 Ineraid patients (aged 20-58 yrs) on consonant recognition. The better Subjects effectively used amplitude envelope cues for consonant recognition (CR). The poorer Subjects did not use either envelope or frequency information effectively. Better CR might be obtained by encoding high-frequency (HF) energy in a different manner than usual. This might be done by routing HF information to more basal electrodes with a higher place pitch, by increasing the number of channels that carry HF information, or by reducing the electrical interaction among HF channels by using a nonsimultaneous excitation scheme. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 92. Author: Blamey, P. J.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, Vict, Australia. Title: Place coding of vowel formants for cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1990 Aug, v88 (n2):667-673. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Vowels. Speech Perception. Synthetic Speech. Prostheses. Aurally Handicapped. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Recognition of synthetic vs natural vowel formants, profoundly deaf 47-63 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Measured 4 profoundly deaf patients' (aged 47-63 yrs) recognition of 1-, 2-, and 3-formant synthetic vowels to compare alternative speech-coding schemes. Subjects were fitted with a cochlear implant. Subjects listened to 1 natural and 3 synthetic versions of the same 6 words. The place coding of formant frequencies in terms of electrode positions gave useful information for the identification of vowels. The place coding of the formant frequencies produced only differences between the stimuli in each set, so there was no possibility that other variables could have contributed to the recognition of the stimuli. The natural stimuli included more information that was useful for recognition than the synthesized stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 93. Author: Carney, Arlene E.; Kienle, Marjorie; Miyamoto, Richard T. Affiliation: Boys Town National Inst Research Hosp, Omaha, NE, US. Title: Speech perception with a single-channel cochlear implant: A comparison with a single-channel tactile device. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1990 Jun, v33 (n2):229-237. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Prostheses. Aged. Aurally Handicapped. Cochlea. Syllables. Vowels. Consonants. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Syllable & vowel & consonant perception, postlingually deaf 19-71 yr olds with single channel cochlear implants. Abstract: Administered suprasegmental (SUP) and segmental (SEG) speech perception tasks to 8 postlingually deaf Subjects (aged 19-71 yrs) with single-channel cochlear implants. SUP tasks included the recognition of syllable number and intonation. SEG tasks included the recognition of vowels and consonants in different modalities (e.g., visual only, implant only). Results were compared with those obtained from studies by A. E. Carney (see PA, Vol 76:3690) and Carney and C. R. Beachler (1986) in which artificially deafened adults used a single-channel vibrotactile device. Patterns of responses for SUP and SEG tasks were highly similar for both groups of Subjects, despite differences between Subject sample characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 94. Author: Lansing, Charissa R.; Seyfried, Deborah N. Affiliation: U Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, US. Title: Longitudinal changes in personal adjustment to hearing loss in adult cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1990, v23:63-77. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Hearing Aids. Cochlea. Prostheses. Aged. Attitude Change. Followup Studies. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. General terms: Adjustment. Key phrase: Cochlear implant, adjustment in attitudes & feelings toward hearing loss, postlingually deafened 27-71 yr olds, 1 & 9 & 18 mo followups. Abstract: Monitored changes in personal adjustment to hearing loss in 221 adult cochlear implant users (aged 27-71 yrs). A communication profile was administered pre-implant; and at 1-, 9-, and 18-mo post-connection. Data do not support a different time course of change on hearing-related vs general communication attitudes and feelings in this sample. Also explored are the effects of an aural rehabilitation program and implant type. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 95. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Wasserman, Gerald S.; Wang-Bennett, Lolin T.; Miyamoto, Richard T. Affiliation: Purdue U, Dept of Psychological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, US. Research sponsors: National Insts of Health, Bethesda, MD, US; National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, US; 3M Foundation; Trask Foundation, US. Title: Temporal dispersion in natural receptors and pattern discrimination mediated by artificial receptors (cochlear implants). Source: IN: Psychophysical explorations of mental structures.; Hans-Georg Geissler, Ed., Martin H. Miller, Wolfgang Prinz. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, Gottingen, Germany, 1990. 211-227 of x, 509 pp. Language: English. Pub type: Experimental. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Time. Speech Perception. Pattern Discrimination. Photoreceptors. Adulthood. Crabs. Physiological Correlates. Cochlear Implants. Population terms: Animal. Adult. Abstract: (from the chapter) investigated the physiological correlates of temporal dispersion by investigating the properties of the most distal neural elements, the receptors; intracellular recordings from photoreceptors (in the eye of the horseshoe crab) showed that temporal dispersion was both quantitatively and qualitatively dependent on the sensory code (i.e., the feature of the neural response chosen for measurement)... a new preparation has recently become available which permits the direct test of such sensory coding hypotheses in within-species experiments: some humans, who are deaf because they have lost their auditory receptors, have been surgically fitted with artificial receptors (cochlear implants); it is therefore possible experimentally to manipulate the properties of the implant and measure the effect of coding variations on behavior; our initial experiments tested a proposition which is a robust deduction from the task-dependence hypothesis: optimal performance depends on providing a sensory signal which simulates the characteristics of the natural neural response; the performance we chose to examine, for obvious practical reasons, was the pattern discrimination associated with speech communication. 96. Author: Kuk, Frances K.; Tyler, Richard S.; Gantz, Bruce J.; Bertschy, Michael. Affiliation: U Illinois Coll of Medicine, Chicago, US. Title: Intensity operating range measures as predictors of word-recognition ability in cochlear implant subjects. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1990, v19 (n3):139-145. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Thresholds. Phonemes. Word Recognition. Cochlea. Prostheses. Auditory Perception. Loudness. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Most comfortable listening & loudness discomfort thresholds, precochlear vs postcochlear implant phoneme recognition ability, 28-66 yr olds. Abstract: Examined pre- and postimplant thresholds of most comfortable and loudness discomfort listening levels as predictors of postimplant phoneme recognition ability. Preimplant thresholds were obtained for 16 adults (aged 28-66 yrs) who eventually received a cochlear prosthesis. Subjects completed the Northwestern University word list (T. Tillman and R. Carhart, 1966) at 1 mo postimplant. Postimplant threshold measures were also obtained for 8 Subjects at 1 mo. Preimplant threshold measures did not correlate significantly with postimplant phoneme scores or with postimplant thresholds. However, postimplant thresholds correlated significantly with phoneme scores. Threshold measures may relate to phoneme recognition ability, but their use as predictive measures for postimplant ability is questionable. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 97. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Moore, Brian C.; Kuk, Francis K. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Performance of some of the better cochlear-implant patients. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1989 Dec, v32 (n4):887-911. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Word Recognition. Prostheses. Deaf. Aged. Aurally Handicapped. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Cochlear implant, word recognition, profoundly hearing impaired 17-66 yr olds. Abstract: Provided an independent corroboration of open-set word recognition in 54 of the better cochlear-implant patients (aged 17-66 yrs), including Chorimac, Nucleus (one group from the US and one from Europe), Symbion, Duren/Cologne and 3M/Vienna implants. Experiments examined (1) word recognition in word lists and sentences, (2) environmental sound perception, and (3) gap detection. The Nucleus, Symbion, 3M/Vienna, and Duren/Cologne cochlear implants all allowed some Subjects to achieve greater than 10% correct word recognition in words and sentences. On the environmental sound tests, Symbion Subjects scored significantly higher with performance ranging from 56% to 100% correct. Subjects varied widely in their ability to detect silent gaps in noise; however, for all devices, some Subjects had gap detection thresholds less than 20 ms. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 98. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Roberts, S. A.; Altidis, P. M.; and others. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Results for two children using a multiple-electrode intracochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989 Dec, v86 (n6):2088-2102. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Partially Hearing Impaired. Language Development. Speech Development. Prostheses. School Age Children. Cochlea. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Multiple electrode intracochlear implant, preoperative & postoperative language skills & speech development, hearing impaired 5.4-10.2 yr olds. Abstract: Examined the influence of pre- and postoperative sensory devices on the development of language skills and speech perception and production in 2 hearing-impaired males (aged 5 yrs 5 mo and 10 yrs 2 mo). Measures included the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Revised (PPVT--R), the Ingram Edinburgh Articulation Test, and the Reynell Developmental Language Scales. Test results indicate that postoperative performance, using a cochlear implant prosthesis alone, was generally better than preoperative performance, using hearing aids (both Subjects) or a single-channel tactile aid (1 Subject). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 99. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Tye-Murray, Nancy; Otto, Steven R. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: The recognition of vowels differing by a single formant by cochlear-implant subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989 Dec, v86 (n6):2107-2112. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Auditory Stimulation. Prostheses. Pitch (Frequency). Aurally Handicapped. Vowels. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Symbion vs cochlear implant formant frequency, recognition of synthetic vowels, postlingually deaf adults. Abstract: Evaluated the ability of 10 postlingually deafened adults, using a 4-channel (symbion) or a 21-channel (cochlear) implant, to recognize synthetic vowels that differed only in their spectral composition. Results suggest that some Subjects with the devices used spectral information in speech recognition. All Subjects scored above chance on at least 1 of the vowel-pair sets; however, performance seldom reached 100% on this 2-choice recognition task. The relationship between the formant frequencies and the particular electrodes being stimulated suggests that a rearrangement of filter bandwidths might improve performance in some patients, particularly those with poor perceptual skills. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 100. Author: Tartter, Vivien C.; Chute, Patricia M.; Hellman, Sharon A. Affiliation: City U New York, City Coll, US. Title: The speech of a postlingually deafened teenager during the first year of use of a multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989 Dec, v86 (n6):2113-2121. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Characteristics. Speech Development. Prostheses. Cochlea. Aurally Handicapped. Longitudinal Studies. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implant, speech characteristics & development, postlingually deafened adolescent female, 1 yr study. Abstract: Examined acoustic analyses and listener judgments (1 yr of data) for a female who lost her hearing at 6.5 yrs of age and received a multichannel electrical stimulation (MCES) implant 10 yrs later. The stimulus was a word list comprising all English consonants in syllable initial, medial, and final positions and consonant clusters initially. Subject's speech was generally good before MCES. MCES had positive and negative effects on speech production. At 3-mo and 1-yr after implant, productions were judged less breathy, and improvement was found in control of suprasegmental information in isolated words, production of segmental distinctions, and production of aspects of the voicing feature. MCES had an adverse effect on vowel productions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 101. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Tye-Murray, Nancy; Moore, Brian C.; McCabe, Brian F. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Synthetic two-formant vowel perception by some of the better cochlear-implant patients. Source: Audiology, 1989 Nov-Dec, v28 (n6):301-315. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Hearing Aids. Cochlea. Speech Perception. Synthetic Speech. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Synthetic 2-formant vowel recognition, patients with cochlear implants. Abstract: Tested synthetic 2-formant vowel recognition in 54 cochlear-implant users with 5 kinds of implants (Chorimac, 3M/Vienna, Nucleus, Duren/Cologne, Symbion) to determine their ability to resolve sounds that differed in their frequency content. Synthesized vowels with formant values approximating the values of 4 vowels common to French, German, and American English were presented to Subjects. 43 Subjects showed vowel recognition above chance, indicating that they perceived some spectral information in steady-state vowels. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 102. DISSERTATION Author: Svirsky, Mario A. Affiliation: Tulane U, LA, US. Title: Psychophysical experiments and speech processing strategies for multichannel cochlear implant users. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Oct, v50 (n4-B):1307. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Processing (Mechanical). Cochlea. Ear Disorders. Prostheses. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech processing strategies, maximization of perceptual contrast between stimulation patterns, multichannel cochlear implant users. 103. Author: Lim, H. H.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Forward masking patterns produced by intracochlear electrical stimulation of one and two electrode pairs in the human cochlea. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1989 Sep, v86 (n3):971-980. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Masking. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Hearing Disorders. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Intracochlear electrical stimulation of 1 & 2 electrode pairs, forward masking, patient with cochlear implant. Abstract: Extended previous forward masking studies in 3 experiments with 1 patient who was implanted with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant device. In Study 1, the maximum of the masking pattern for masker electrode pair EP-(11,9) at various stimulus currents was located at probe electrode pair EP-(11,9), which coincided with the position of the masker electrode pair. In Study 2, there was a wider spread of masking toward the basal region for all 3 masking patterns. In Study 3, at each probe electrode position, the amount of masking for the combined masker was approximately equal to the greater of the 2 masking values produced by its 2 component electrode pairs activated in isolation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 104. Author: Hasenstab, M. Suzanne. Affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth U, Medical Coll of Virginia, Richmond, US. Title: The multichannel cochlear implant in children. Source: Topics in Language Disorders, 1989 Sep, v9 (n4):45-58. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Prostheses. Cochlea. Hearing Disorders. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Benefits of multichannel mini cochlear implant, 2-17 yr olds with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Abstract: Describes a multichannel minicochlear implant (CI) designed to provide improved auditory input for children with profound sensorineural loss, using data from 150 children (aged 2-17 yrs) who have already received the device. The major benefit of the CI is the availability of a greater range of acoustic information than is provided by conventional amplifications. Areas of development in very young children that might benefit from CI use include auditory learning, comprehension of the auditory/spoken linguistic code, and social/emotional adjustment and behavior. Communication acquisition in children aged less than 5 yrs who receive CIs is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 105. DISSERTATION Author: Lucks, Lisa E. Affiliation: U California, Santa Barbara, US. Title: Effects of presentation level on 3M/House cochlear implant speech perception. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Jul, v50 (n1-B):108. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Stimulus Intensity. Auditory Stimulation. Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Presentation level of stimuli, speech perception, profoundly deaf adults using 3M/House single electrode cochlear implant. 106. Author: Rosen, Stuart; Walliker, John; Brimacombe, Judith A.; Edgerton, Bradly J. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Prosodic and segmental aspects of speech perception with the House/3M single-channel implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1989 Mar, v32 (n1):93-111. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Hearing Aids. Inflection. Speech Perception. Consonants. Aurally Handicapped. Auditory Perception. Lipreading. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory perception of speech prosody & consonants with vs without lipreading, profoundly deaf female 21-59 yr old users of House/3M single channel cochlear implant. Abstract: Tested 4 profoundly deaf female users (aged 21-59 yrs) of the House/3M single-channel cochlear implant for their ability to label question and statement intonation contours (by auditory means alone) and to identify a set of 12 intervocalic consonants (with and without lipreading). In consonant identification, lipreading alone scores were always inferior to those obtained by lipreading with the implant. Phonetic feature analyses showed that the major effect of using the implant was to increase the transmission of voicing information. Place of articulation was poorly identified from the auditory signal alone. Results are best explained by supposing that Subjects used the relatively gross temporal information found in the stimulating waveforms (periodicity, randomness, and silence) in a linguistic fashion. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 107. Author: Kuk, Francis K. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Speech Pathology & Audiology Section, Iowa City, US. Title: Single-channel versus multichannel electrical stimulation: Voicing-frequency and formant-transition difference limens. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1989, v18 (n3):149-153. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Partially Hearing Impaired. Pitch (Frequency). Hearing Aids. Auditory Perception. Aged. Auditory Stimulation. Adulthood. Prostheses. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Single vs multichannel electrical stimulation, frequency processing ability, 31-72 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Evaluated the frequency processing ability of 11 cochlear-implant patients (31-72 yrs old) wearing the Symbion cochlear prosthesis with the stimuli presented in a multichannel mode and in a single channel mode. On the voicing-frequency test, Subjects obtained a median difference limen of 8 Hz when stimuli were presented in the multichannel mode and 14.7 Hz in the single-channel mode. On the formant-transition test, Subjects obtained a median difference limen of 589 Hz in the multichannel mode and 611 Hz in the single-channel mode. The performance with multichannel stimulation was significantly better than performance in the single-channel stimulation. Temporal information in more channels and place information may contribute to the superior performance with multichannel stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 108. Author: Tong, Y. C.; Busby, P. A.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Perceptual studies on cochlear implant patients with early onset of profound hearing impairment prior to normal development of auditory, speech, and language skills. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1988 Sep, v84 (n3):951-962. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Prostheses. Auditory Perception. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Hearing Disorders. Language Development. Perceptual Development. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Electrically stimulated auditory sensations & speech perception & language skills, prelingual vs postlingual cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Conducted a psychophysical evaluation of 3 prelingual and 2 postlingual cochlear implant patients. Subjects were evaluated for the ability to process on/off patterns of electrical stimulation in studies of durational difference limen, gap detection, and numerosity. Three speech perception studies were also conducted on prelingual Subjects under conditions of electrical stimulation (ES) alone. Findings indicate that the performance of prelingual Subjects in the ES condition was poorer than the performance of postlingual Subjects. It is suggested that this finding may have been due to a lack of auditory experience in prelingual Subjects or to morphological or physiological differences between pre- and postlingual Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 109. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Tye-Murray, Nancy; Lansing, Charissa R. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Electrical stimulation as an aid to speechreading. Special Issue: New reflections on speechreading. Source: Volta Review, 1988 Sep, v90 (n5):119-148. References. Language: English. Pub type: Literature Review; Review. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Lipreading. Electrical Stimulation. Literature Review. Aurally Handicapped. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Electrical stimulation to supplement speechreading, postlingually deafened adults, literature review. Abstract: Reviews the literature on the use of electrical stimulation by postlingually deafened adults to supplement speechreading. The authors review the information available on the talker's face and what acoustic information is needed to resolve visual confusions. The basic psychophysical abilities of implant patients are discussed, with particular reference to the information needed for audiovisual communication. Also discussed are auditory-alone and audiovisual perception by cochlear-implant patients, audiovisual training for cochlear-implant children, and research needs in the areas of rehabilitation and evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 110. Author: Eisenwort, Brigitte; Burian, Kurt. Affiliation: U Wien, Hals-Nase-Ohren-Klinik II, Vienna, Austria. Title: Zur Evaluierung der Sprachperzeption bei Cochlearimplantatpatienten. / Evaluation of speech perception results in cochlear implant patients. Source: Folia Phoniatrica, 1988 Mar-Apr, v40 (n2):74-81. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlea. Prostheses. Perceptual Measures. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: German language Auditory Test Battery, speech perception assessment, patients with extracochlear implants. Abstract: Describes the Auditive Testbatterie ("Auditory Test Battery"), a German-language instrument consisting of 9 subtests for measuring speech perception on different linguistic levels. Subtest data from 12 patients with extracochlear implants are presented. (English & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 111. Author: Leder, Steven; Spitzer, Jaclyn; Richardson, Frederick; Murray, Mary. Affiliation: Yale U School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US. Title: Sensory rehabilitation of the adventitiously deafened: Use of assistive communication and alerting devices. Source: Volta Review, 1988 Jan, v90 (n1):19-24. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Apparatus. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Cochlear implant, use of assistive communication & alerting devices, 42-69 yr old males with profound adventitious sensorineural hearing loss. Abstract: Surveyed the same 25 men at a precochlear-implant evaluation and at a 6-mo to 1-yr postevaluation follow-up. Results show that at initial evaluation 10 Subjects used telecaptioners, 4 Subjects used telephone devices for the deaf (TDDs), and 3 Subjects used alerting devices. After implantation, 6 telecaptioners and 4 TDDs were provided to an additional 5 Subjects who never used any type of device; the 6th telecaptioner was provided to the Subject who had only an alerting device. After using an assistive device, Subjects reported substantial improvements in independence, ability to communicate by both sending and receiving information, and quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 112. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Stein, Laszlo K. Affiliation: Michael Reese Hosp & Medical Ctr, David T. Siegel Inst, Director, Chicago, IL, US. Title: Hearing impairment. Source: IN: Handbook of developmental and physical disabilities. Pergamon general psychology series, Vol. 148.; Vincent B. Van Hasselt, Phillip S. Strain, Michel Hersen, Eds. Pergamon Press, Inc, Oxford, England, 1988. 271-294 of x, 553 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Diagnosis. Testing. Rehabilitation. Population terms: Human. General terms: Treatment. Education. Abstract: (from the chapter) highlights current knowledge available from the diverse professional fields involved in the study and treatment of hearing impairment... types of hearing disorders; conductive hearing loss; sensorineural hearing loss; principal causes of hearing impairment... prevalence of hearing impairment; diagnosis and assessment; tests... habilitation and rehabilitation; hearing aids; cochlear implant... therapy and education for hearing impaired children; oral methods of deaf education; manual deaf education; total communication; additional handicapping conditions. 113. Author: Robbins, Amy M.; Osberger, Mary J.; Miyamoto, Richard T.; Renshaw, Julia J.; and others. Affiliation: Indiana U School of Medicine, US. Title: Longitudinal study of speech perception by children with cochlear implants and tactile aids: Progress report. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1988, v21:11-28. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlea. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Prostheses. Longitudinal Studies. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Speech perception abilities, profoundly hearing impaired children & adolescents with cochlear implants vs tactile vs hearing aids, longitudinal study. Abstract: Assessed the speech perception abilities of profoundly hearing-impaired children who used either a cochlear implant or tactile aid. The performance of these Subjects who did not benefit from conventional amplification was compared to a 3rd group of Subjects who had residual hearing and used hearing aids. A battery of measures was used to assess a range of speech perception abilities. Initial findings obtained with 12 implant users, 3 tactile aid users, and 1 hearing aid user showed large individual differences among the Subjects with implants. The highest performer was a single-channel implant user who demonstrated closed-set speech recognition. The performance of the 3 users of the tactile aid was uniformly poor. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 114. Author: Lansing, Charissa R.; Davis, Julia M. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Early versus delayed speech perception training for adult cochlear implant users: Initial results. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1988, v21:29-41. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Rehabilitation. Prostheses. Cochlea. Speech Perception. Deaf. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Early vs delayed aural rehabilitation, speech perception, deaf 29-68 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: 13 29-68 yr old postlingually deafened adults who received a symbion or nucleus multichannel cochlear implant received auditory and auditory-visual testing of syllable, word, and sentence perception at 1 and 9 mo after initial stimulation. Five Subjects received intensive aural rehabilitation (AR) after the 1-mo test; 8 received training after the 9-mo test. Each group was retested immediately after training. Group mean data suggest that gains following early AR may exceed those achieved through implant use alone. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 115. Author: Dent, Laurel J.; Simmons, F. Blair; White, Robert L.; Roberts, Lester A. Affiliation: Stanford U School of Medicine, Div of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, CA, US. Title: Speech perception by four single-channel cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1987 Dec, v30 (n4):480-493. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Hearing Aids. Listening Comprehension. Deaf. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory & auditory visual speech comprehension, profoundly deaf 37-67 yr olds with single channel cochlear implants. Abstract: Four profoundly deaf adults (aged 37-67 yrs) with scala tympani implants underwent auditory and auditory-visual speech comprehension evaluations. Two Subjects had multiple-electrode auditory prostheses, and 2 had single-electrode implants. All Subjects were tested preoperatively with a high-power hearing aid, and postoperatively with a single-channel wearable sound processor. Results of the 1st formal speech recognition tests conducted during the 8 mo after the sound processor fitting are reported. On postoperative speechreading tasks, all Subjects identified medial consonant phonemes and 2-digit numerals better with stimulation than without. The sound processor functioned as a sensory supplement for the 3 frequent users, but no Subject was able to use the processor as a sensory substitute. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 116. Author: Leder, Steven B.; Spitzer, Jaclyn B.; Flevaris-Phillips, Carole; Richardson, Frederick; and others. Affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Ctr, West Haven, CT, US. Title: Innovative approaches to selection of adult cochlear implant candidates. Source: Journal of Rehabilitation of the Deaf, 1987 Oct, v21 (n2):27-33. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Needs Assessment. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Surgery. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Evaluation protocol, selection for cochlear implant, profoundly deaf adults. Abstract: Describes an evaluation protocol for profoundly deaf cochlear implant candidates that emphasizes nonauditory factors in the selection process. The evaluation protocol includes (1) medical, ophthalmologic/optometric, and audiologic examinations; (2) communicative evaluations (e.g., speechreading, articulation and voice); and (3) individual and family psychosocial evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 117. Author: Leder, Steven B.; Spitzer, Jaclyn B.; Kirchner, J. Cameron; Richardson, Frederick; and others. Affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Ctr, Cochlear Implant Team, West Haven, CT, US. Title: Voice and speech findings in prospective cochlear implant candidates. Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 1987, v10 (n1):86-87. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Rate. Speech Characteristics. Partially Hearing Impaired. Severity (Disorders). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech rate & duration, male with postlingual profound hearing impairment. Abstract: Examined rate and duration of speech in 25 adventitiously (postlingually) profoundly hearing impaired males and 10 adult male controls. Results indicate that adventitious profound hearing loss had a negative effect on speaking rate. Implications for speech therapy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 118. Author: Barrs, David M.; Jordan, Craig E.; Fifer, Robert C. Affiliation: Wilford Hall US Air Force Medical Ctr, Dept of Otolaryngology, San Antonio, TX. Title: The cochlear implant program. Source: Military Medicine, 1986 Oct, v151 (n10):509-513. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Hearing Disorders. Surgery. Communication Skills. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Equipment & patient evaluation & training & surgical techniques for cochlear implant program, hearing & communication skills, 18-66 yr olds with hearing loss. Abstract: Explains the equipment, patient evaluation and training, and surgical techniques used in a cochlear implant program. The implant allows patients to hear sounds and improves communication skills. Four case histories, involving 2 females (aged 37 and 66 yrs) and 2 males (aged 53 and 18 yrs), are described. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 119. Author: Doyle, Karen J.; Danhauer, Jeffrey L.; Edgerton, Bradly J. Affiliation: U California, Santa Barbara. Title: Vowel perception: Experiments with a single-electrode cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1986 Jun, v29 (n2):179-192. 23 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Apparatus. Auditory Discrimination. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory perception & discrimination of naturally spoken vs loudness-matched vowels, postlingually deaf 19-79 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: 15 postlingually deaf adults (aged 19-79 yrs) with histories of unsuccessful hearing aid use and a minimum of 6-12 mo experience with a single-electrode cochlear implant were presented with audiorecordings of 11 natural and loudness-matched vowels. Subjects rated the dissimilarity of both the naturally spoken and the loudness-matched vowels and performed identification of the latter. Two normal-hearing Subjects served as controls for the dissimilarity tasks. Multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and percent correct identification analyses were used to help determine the perceptual features used by the Subjects in their judgments. Data indicate that, in general, normal-hearing Subjects took advantage of 2nd formant frequency information. Cochlear-implant Subjects relied primarily on fundamental and 1st formant frequency information and demonstrated difficulty in vowel identification. Appendices include audiometric data and descriptive data for the implant Subjects, analog unprocessed waveforms of the stimuli, and averaged dissimilarity ratings of the loudness-matched vowels by the Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 120. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps, Iowa City. Title: Previous experience as a confounding factor in comparing cochlear-implant processing schemes. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1986 Jun, v29 (n2):282-287. 18 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Apparatus. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Previous experience with speech processing system, efficacy of cochlear implant processing schemes, 52 yr old female with profound hearing impairment. Abstract: Tested a 52-yr-old profoundly hearing impaired woman with Meniere's disease using the Melbourne multichannel implant with the device set to process sounds in 2 different ways. In the 1st processing scheme, the device functioned normally, extracting information about voicing frequency, amplitude, and 2nd-formant frequency. This information activated the 21-channel device, determining pulse rate, pulse amplitude, and electrode position. In the 2nd processing scheme, a single electrode was activated. This electrode coded overall amplitude and voicing frequency. Subject was tested on an audiovisual test of a 14-choice consonant recognition in the form /iCi/ over a period of over 4 mo, during which Subject used the 21-channel processor outside of the laboratory. Findings reveal that upon initial connection, there was little difference between the results obtained with the 2 schemes when tested in sound alone or in sound plus vision. However, after about 4 mo, scores obtained with the 21-channel processor in sound plus vision were superior to the scores obtained with the 1 channel. This advantage came from a superiority in the features of voicing and nasality but not place. Scores for sound-alone conditions between the 2 processing schemes remained similar for the 4-mo period. It is suggested that studies investigating the relative merits of speech processing systems (including tactile and conventional hearing aids) must consider previous experience as an important factor. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 121. Author: Eisenberg, Laurie S.; Kirk, Karen I.; Berliner, Karen I.; Thielemeir, Margaret A. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Los Angeles, CA. Title: Response to Popelka and Gittelman (1984): "Audiologic findings in a child with a single-channel cochlear implant.". Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1986 May, v51 (n2):180-182. 9 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Prostheses. Professional Criticism. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Single-channel cochlear implant, 8 yr old male with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, comments on study by G. R. Popelka & D. H. Gittleman. Abstract: Responds to G. R. Popelka and D. H. Gittelman's (see PA, Vol 71:31747) study, addressing the issues of (1) whether the Subject in Popelka and Gittelman's study was an appropriate candidate for the implant and (2) the interpretation of test data. The present authors argue that the Subject was an appropriate candidate for the implant and that the implant could potentially supplement Subject's hearing by providing the benefits of binaural hearing. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 122. Author: Popelka, Gerald R.; Gittelman, Deborah A. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO. Title: Reply to Eisenberg et al. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1986 May, v51 (n2):182. 2 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Hearing Disorders. Professional Criticism Reply. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Single-channel cochlear implant, 8 yr old male with sensorineural hearing loss, reply to comments by L. S. Eisenberg et al. Abstract: Comments on the response of L. S. Eisenberg et al (see PA, Vol 73:30809) to the present authors' (see PA, Vol 71:31747) report of audiologic findings in a child with a cochlear implant, noting that (1) candidacy criteria of the child were never discussed in the present authors' article and (2) despite the concerns of Eisenberg et al regarding the present authors' interpretation of test results, Eisenberg et al and the present authors arrived at the same conclusion. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 123. Author: Danhauer, Jeffrey L.; Lucks, Lisa E.; Abdala, Caroline. Affiliation: U California, Santa Barbara, US. Title: A survey of speech and other auditory perception assessment materials used by cochlear implant centers. Source: Journal of Auditory Research, 1986 Apr, v26 (n2):75-87. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech and Hearing Measures. Hearing Disorders. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Survey of speech & auditory perception assessment materials used by cochlear implant centers, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Assessed which test materials were used by 33 cochlear implant centers to evaluate cochlear implant patients and devices. 75% used the 3M/House device; the remaining centers used the Nucleus, Storz, Inneraid, Symbion, or Vienna devices. Data indicate that most centers use the same tests repeatedly for both pre- and postimplant assessments. 39% of the centers expressed dissatisfaction with the currently used materials; subjective comments indicated that this was because they failed to reflect patients' real perceptual abilities. Strengths and weaknesses of the tests are identified. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 124. Author: Hollis, John H.; Fulton, Robert T.; Larson, Alfred D. Affiliation: U Kansas, Bureau of Child Research, Lawrence. Title: An equivalence model for vocabulary acquisition in profoundly hearing-impaired children. Source: Analysis & Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 1986, v6 (n4):331-348. 21 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Aurally Handicapped. Vocabulary. Teaching Methods. Preschool Students. Language Arts Education. Deaf. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Equivalence model of teaching vocabulary tasks involving auditory & visual sensory modalities, vocabulary acquisition, severely/profoundly hearing impaired preschoolers. Abstract: Investigated the effectiveness of M. Sidman's (see PA, Vol 48:1539) equivalence model when applied to vocabulary acquisition in 4 severely/profoundly hearing-impaired preschool children (mean age 5.33 yrs). The model specifies 6 vocabulary tasks involving auditory and visual sensory modalities. The data confirmed that lip reading (visual modality) could be substituted for auditory input (speech). It was found that, for novice lip readers, words with auditory-visual confusions depressed performance on receptive vocabulary tasks, in contrast to the emergent expressive performances. Results are discussed with respect to the applicability of the equivalence model to education of deaf children using a computerized system. It is suggested that the computer system provides a standardized method for assessment of mechanical and cochlear implant prosthetic devices. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 125. DISSERTATION Author: Doyle, Karen J. Affiliation: U California, Santa Barbara. Title: Vowel perception using a single-electrode cochlear implant. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1985 Dec, v46 (n6-B):1860. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Vowels. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Single-electrode cochlear implant, vowel perception, adults. 126. Author: Robbins, Amy M.; and others. Affiliation: Indiana U School of Medicine, Indianapolis. Title: Speech-tracking performance in single-channel cochlear implant subjects. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1985 Dec, v28 (n4):565-578. 38 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Perception. Deaf. Apparatus. Cochlea. Hearing Disorders. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Lipreading with vs without single-channel cochlear implant, perception & tracking of connected speech, deaf 18-72 yr olds. Abstract: Evaluated the ability of 20 deaf adults (aged 18-72 yrs) to understand connected discourse under conditions of lipreading alone (LA) or lipreading plus electrical stimulation by a single-channel cochlear implant (LI). Performance was evaluated using the speech-tracking procedure, which required Subjects to repeat verbatim textual material read by another individual. The reception of ongoing speech was measured in terms of the number of words repeated correctly each minute. Results reveal on the average, a significantly higher tracking rate in the LI condition (28.6 words/minute (wpm)) than the LA condition (16.4 wpm). Results show a significant learning effect across sessions for both conditions. Subjects who were previous hearing aid users achieved a significantly higher tracking rate in the LI condition than did Subjects who had no previous experience with amplification. Significant Subjects differences were present as a function of condition. 16 Subjects achieved higher tracking rates in the LI than in the LA condition. However, 4 of these 16 Subjects showed similar relative gains in both conditions and 3 showed a decrease in performance in the LA condition over time. The remaining 4 Subjects showed nearly equivalent tracking rates in both conditions over time. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 127. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps, Iowa City. Title: Initial Iowa results with the multichannel cochlear implant from Melbourne. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1984 Dec, v27 (n4):596-604. 25 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Ear Disorders. Cochlea. Prostheses. Speech Perception. Vowels. Consonants. Words (Phonetic Units). Lipreading. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Melbourne multichannel cochlear implant, recognition of consonants & vowels & words & speech tracking & lipreading, hearing impaired 33 & 45 yr old males. Abstract: Examined 2 hearing-impaired Subjects, 33- and 45-yr-old males, who were outfitted with the Melbourne multichannel cochlear implant, developed by Y. C. Tong et al (1981). Live-voice word, consonant, and vowel recognition tests, and a speech-tracking task were administered during the 1st 90 days after implantation. Results indicate 30-50% correct recognition of vowels (given 9 alternatives) and about 30-60% correct recognition of consonants (given 12 alternatives). Speech tracking showed 2-3 times faster rates with implant and vision compared to a vision-alone condition. After 3-4 mo of implant experience, test results indicate about 80% recognition of everyday sounds in a 5-choice closed-set condition and about 50% recognition of everyday sounds in an open-set condition. Subjects were 50% correct at identifying the accented words in a sentence and at determining the number of syllables in a word. One Subject was unable to recognize a sentence as a statement or a question. Background noise (+10 db signal/noise) reduced Subjects' performance on a 4-choice spondee test to chance. Both Subjects identified a sound as either a voice or a modulated noise at 95% correct and recognized speaker sex at 95% correct. Neither Subject could discriminate whether 2 (successive) sentences were spoken by the same speaker or by 2 different speakers. One Subject identified 45% and the 85% of the words in sentences that were preceded by a conceptual picture using sound alone. One Subject identified 13% of the words in sentences in sound alone even without contextual information. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 128. Author: Popelka, Gerald R.; Gittelman, Deborah A. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO. Title: Audiologic findings in a child with a single-channel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1984 Aug, v49 (n3):254-261. 11 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Audiology. Partially Hearing Impaired. Cochlea. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Case Report. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Audiologic findings, 8 yr old male with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss & single channel cochlear implant. Abstract: Presents audiologic findings from an 8-yr-old boy with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who received a single-channel cochlear implant. The measures used were threshold sensitivity to frequency-specific stimuli and results on various subtests from the Test of Auditory Comprehension; the Monosyllable, Trochee, Spondee Test; and the Minimal Auditory Capabilities Battery. The results for the implanted ear indicate uneven change in performance across measures compared to results with conventional amplification prior to receiving the implant. Performance of the implanted ear did not approach performance of the better contralateral ear. Observations by teachers and guardians indicated that there was no apparent change in auditory performance even after the cochlear implant had been worn for 6 mo. Overall, there was no evidence that the cochlear implant provided any practical benefit to the S. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 129. Author: Schein, Jerome D. Affiliation: New York U, Deafness Research & Training Ctr. Title: Cochlear implants and the education of deaf children. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1984 Jun, v129 (n3):324-332. 36 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Deaf. Special Education. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Cochlear implants, deaf children, implications for education. Abstract: Notes that, while less than 100 children have received cochlear implants to date, the number of children with implants will soon greatly increase so that educators will be presented with implant-related problems. The cochlear implant's effects on speech discrimination, lipreading, and auditory contact are reviewed. The potential risks and benefits are considered, and implications for educators of deaf children are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 130. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Josset, P.; Meyer, B.; Gegu, D.; Chouard, C.-H. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches O. R. L., Paris, France. Title: Implant material tolerance. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:45-52. 1 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Postsurgical Complications (Physical. Electrical Stimulation. Electrodes. Guinea Pigs. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Animal. Key phrase: Electrical stimulation or type of electrode material, presentation of morphological changes due to surgical implantation, humans & guinea pigs, conference presentation. Abstract: Histological, physical, and clinical data from guinea pigs and humans show that after surgical and antibiotic destruction of guinea pig cochleas, nonspecific lesions appeared that seemed to be due more to this destruction than to electrode implantation or chronic stimulation. The electrical chronic stimulation of the newborn deafened guinea pigs cochlea prevented the cochlear nucleus atrophy observed in the nonstimulated animals. In humans, materials had to be covered by a Silastic or Teflon sheet, located far from the skin incision, placed above and behind the ear, and waterproofed. Results are discussed in terms of tissue reactions on chronic implanted electrodes, the effects of electrical stimulation on cochlear structures and neurons, and electrode material and long-term function. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 131. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Carrat, R. Affiliation: Ctr Regional d'Audiophonologie Infantile, Tours, France. Title: Analysis and synthesis of speech regarding cochlear implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:85-94. 23 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Speech Perception. Synthetic Speech. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Formant vocoder device, speech perception, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Describes the production and testing of a formant vocoder making an analysis-synthesis to reduce speech. The principle of the device was based on the requirements that speech be transmitted in a narrow bandwidth, that it be capable of continuous analysis of the acoustic object of speech, and that it act to transfer the semantic skeleton to the frequency scale. Tests with 7 totally deaf patients showed that the formantic coding device was more efficient than the conventional acoustic device. Better discrimination of tone and pitch, excellent recognition of time, and better identification of phonatomes were observed. When a totally deaf patient is not able to sufficiently discriminate at least 12 frequencies and bandwidths, it is not possible to transmit coded speech by acoustic means. Information transferring can then be attempted through cochlea electric coding. Based on the results obtained by acoustic coding of speech according to the principle of the formant vocoder (an analysis-synthesis with transposition of bands in the rest of the acoustic field), it is suggested that the same process can be used for cochlear implants. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 132. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Chouard, C.-H.; Fugain, C.; Drira, M.; Alcaras, N. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches O. R. L., Paris, France. Title: Psychophysics of 12 channels implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:105-110. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Psychophysical Measurement. Auditory Thresholds. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Prostheses. Hearing Aids. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Computerized psychophysical measurement of CHORIMAC-12, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Designed a battery of psychophysic tests through a computerized command of the patient's emitter in a system (CHORIMAC-12) previously described by the 1st author and colleagues (see PA, Vol 73:2810). Because of the fatigability of these implanted patients, especially in the case of deaf-mute children, and the tedious aspect of these examinations, only 4 tests are commonly used: the threshold level in a Bekesy way, the tone decay test, the 2 channels discrimination at different intensity levels, and the lowest intensity discrimination. Results with 22 of 58 patients suggest that if the electrode impedances have been preoperatively measured, these tests are useful in understanding the particular phonemic discrimination difficulties of each patient. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 133. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Edgerton, Bradly J.; Brimacombe, Judith A. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Los Angeles, CA. Title: Effects of signal processing by the House-3M cochlear implant on consonant perception. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:115-123. 4 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Consonants. Auditory Perception. Signal Detection (Perception). Hearing Aids. Prostheses. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Signal processing by House-3M cochlear implant, consonant perception, 20-58 yr old profoundly deaf single channel implant patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Investigated the effect of signal input level on the consonant perception abilities of 8 20-58 yr old profoundly deaf (postlingually) single-channel cochlear implant patients, using the House-3M cochlear implant device. VCV combinations were put on 2 tapes containing 120 stimuli/tape; 1 of the 2 versions of the VCV tape was presented to Subjects in each of 4 conditions. The 4 conditions were achieved by setting the microphone input level to produce processed speech waveforms that were either just peaking or in 3 stages of saturation. Median sound pressure levels that corresponded to the 4 conditions were 58, 66, 71, and 78 db, respectively. Analysis revealed that the phoneme and category scores obtained in Condition 4 were significantly better than those obtained in all other conditions. Scores obtained in Condition 3 were also significantly better than those obtained in Conditions 1 and 2. It is suggested that the better perceptual results obtained in Condition 4 were attributable to the markedly increased intensity of the consonant in that condition. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 134. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Weber, J. L.; Chouard, C.-H.; Alcaras, N. Title: Description of the French 12 channel cochlear implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:140-143. 3 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: France. Prostheses. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: CHORIMAC-12 cochlear implant with 12 channels, France, conference presentation. Abstract: Describes a cochlear implant (the CHORIMAC-12), a French device, in which the sound information is sequentially transmitted to 12 electrodes. An electrode bearer introduced through the round window is commonly used. Frequencies between 100-4,000 Hz and intensities between 40-100 db are only transmitted in a 3-msec time sampling. The output signal is a positive square wave followed by an equal negative wave. Its frequency is equal or inferior to 300 Hz. This system has been implanted in 58 patients and allows partial speech discrimination without lipreading for more than 6 yrs. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 135. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Chouard, C.-H.; Fugain, C.; Meyer, B.; Gegu, D. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches O. R. L., Paris, France. Title: Prognostic evaluation of the multichannel cochlear implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:161-164. 2 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Client Characteristics. Deaf. Prognosis. Adulthood. Aurally Handicapped. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Treatment. Key phrase: Prognostic evaluation of multichannel cochlear implant, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Contends that in order to improve patient selection, preoperative appreciation of the future clinical results of the multichannel cochlear implant is important to assess in the case of pre- or postlingual total deafness. The psychological status of the future implant patient is a main concern because the postoperative reeducation efficacy depends on the patient's motivation. A round window electrical stimulation test is described that supplies important and measurable data (electrical threshold level, tone decay test). It is suggested that the age of the patient, the onset and etiology of the deafness, the vestibular status, and the cochlear tomodensitometry offer nondecisive information. The patient's socialization level is a considerable factor, and preoperative observations are sometimes a determinant (electrode impedances, ossified cochlea). Immediate postoperative electrical and psychophysical data must also be considered. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 136. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Mangabeira-Albernaz, Pedro L.; Borges, Alda C.; dos Reis, Cecilia G. Affiliation: Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Title: Audiological selection and evaluation of cochlear implant patients. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:165-167. 3 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Cochlea. Client Characteristics. Hearing Aids. Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. General terms: Treatment. Key phrase: Audiological selection for & evaluation of cochlear implants, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Describes tests adapted from audiological studies in which cochlear implant patients differentiated the number of syllables in connected discourse and identified stress patterns. The recognition of these auditory cues greatly simplifies speech reading. The patient's ability to hear his/her own voice results in clearer articulation and better voice quality. The tests were developed to assess syllabic recognition in different words, the identification of stress patterns in simple sentences, and the identification, by audiologists, of complex words read by implanted patients. The use of these audiological tests to select patients for cochlear implants and to compare pre- and postimplant performance is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 137. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Meyer, B.; Drira, M.; Gegu, D.; Chouard, C.-H. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches ORL, Paris, France. Title: Results of the round window electrical stimulation in 460 cases of total deafness. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:168-176. 4 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Electrical Stimulation. Cochlea. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Round window electrical stimulation, assessment of functional cochlear nerve endings, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Electrical tests with 262 Subjects with prelingual deafness and 198 Subjects with postlingual deafness were conducted to determine whether totally deaf patients have remaining functional cochlear nerve endings allowing cochlear implant placement. To avoid false and quantitatively unprecise responses, the stimulating electrode must be placed directly on the round window membrane. That necessitates a transmeatal approach removing the eardrum, which is commonly achieved under local anesthesia. The positive response is subjectively easy to identify and may be objectively registered by means of brain-stem evoked responses; this registration is indispensable for children who need general anesthesia. This positive response signifies that some cochlear nerve fibers are still present and that the rehabilitation of the cochlear implant is possible. Among the 460 totally deaf, stimulated patients, more than 93% presented a positive response. The threshold-level voltage value represented a statistically significant representation of the functional value of the electrode nerve interface. The features of the tone decay tests, which may be also subjectively or objectively performed, present important data that may be used to predict the clinical results that can be obtained by the cochlear implant. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 138. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Meyer, B.; Fugain, C.; Chabolle, F.; Chouard, C.-H. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches O. R. L., Paris, France. Title: Patient selection. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:177-179. 1 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Client Characteristics. Prostheses. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Criteria for patient selection for cochlear implants, conference presentation. Abstract: Notes that necessary criteria for selecting patients for cochlear implants are total and bilateral deafness, cochlear nerve excitability, and established patient motivation. Other criteria include social status, electrical threshold level and tone decay, etiopathological data, age, and associated diseases and handicaps. Pre- and postlingual patients may be implanted, but not before 8-10 yrs of age even though implant might be theoretically indicated as soon as possible. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 139. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Banfai, P.; Karczag, A.; Luers, Sr. Petra. Affiliation: St Marien-Hosp, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Duren, West Germany. Title: Clinical results: The rehabilitation. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:183-194. 7 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Prostheses. Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation. Rehabilitation. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Evaluation of cochlear implants, prelingual vs postlingual deaf patients, 5-yr longitudinal study, conference presentation. Abstract: Findings of a 5-yr research conducted by the present authors on 29 prelingual and 17 postlingual deaf patients given cochlear implants show that in principle, an acoustic contact with the environment could be achieved in all Subjects but that the results varied greatly. On the average, Subjects could (1) perceive background noises, (2) recognize different human voices, (3) differentiate differences in pitch, (4) improve lipreading, and (5) improve pronunciation appreciably. In addition, closed speech was largely understood. Apart from these average values, a beginning of open speech (simple sentences from everyday speech) was observed in 7 Subjects. A precise statistical documentation with an evaluation table is presented for 35 Subjects for whom psychoacoustic evaluation was possible. Results of comparisons between prelingual and postlingual patients were analyzed statistically. Subjective evaluation of the advantages of cochlear implant on the part of the patients, relatives, and friends was accomplished by administering a questionnaire. Subjects were unanimous in reporting advantages of the implant in the domestic environment. Disadvantages reported were mainly cosmetic in origin. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 140. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Morgon, A.; and others. Affiliation: Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France. Title: Cochlear implant: Experience of the Lyon team. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:195-203. 7 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Surgery. Cochlea. Client Characteristics. Prostheses. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Patient selection & prosthesis size & surgical procedures, cochlear implants, deaf 2-18 & male 54 & 55 yr olds, conference presentation. Abstract: Contends that an audiogram and a psychological examination (analyzing patient motivation) are necessary before cochlear implantation may be considered. It is suggested that the outside prosthesis and the implanted prosthesis must be miniaturized in the future to facilitate implants in deaf children. Future prostheses must also be used continuously, like any hearing aid. In a study of 211 2-18 yr old deaf children, only 3 cases (Subjects who had no oralization) were potential implant patients. During surgery, the electrophysiological response must be recorded. Clinical results for 2 males (aged 54 and 55 yrs) who received a cochlear prosthesis show improved lipreading scores, the disappearance of tinnitus, and changes in Subjects' affectivity and in their social demeanor. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 141. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Brimacombe, Judith A.; and others. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Los Angeles, CA. Title: Auditory capabilities of patients implanted with the House single-channel cochlear implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:204-216. 33 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Thresholds. Cochlea. Auditory Perception. Prostheses. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: House single-channel cochlear implant, audiometric thresholds, child & adult patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Reports audiometric test findings and psychophysical measures for 278 adults and 67 children implanted with cochlear prostheses since 1960. 83% of the adults and 93% of the children who received the House single-channel cochlear implant and who completed the basic orientation period use their devices on a daily basis. Mean postoperative audiometric thresholds showed a significant improvement over aided and unaided preoperative audiometric thresholds. The major limitation of the single-channel device is in frequency coding, especially above 200 Hz. This limitation is reflected in the patient's vowel and consonant perception abilities. Vowel perceptions appear to be based on low-frequency information, mainly fundamental frequency and 1st-formant frequency cues. Consonant perception appears to be based on temporal distinctions within the manner-of-articulation feature. If auditory information can be combined with visual input, letter and sentence discrimination can be significantly improved. Subjects with cochlear input can monitor their vocal productions, leading to better control of intensity, pitch, and other aspects of voice production. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 142. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Burian, K. Affiliation: Vienna U, Austria. Title: Clinical results. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:217-220. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Listening Comprehension. Cochlea. Prostheses. Lipreading. Electrical Stimulation. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech comprehension via lipreading & electrostimulation, cochlear implant patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Gathered auditory results for cochlear implant patients on different linguistic levels. Four Subjects had "very good" results and could understand 70-89% of unknown sentences; 7 Subjects with "good" results could understand 13-45% of unknown sentences; and 13 Subjects with "moderate" results had no open speech comprehension. In the 1st group, Subjects achieved a 97-100% perception of unknown sentences with lipreading; in the 2nd group, 5 Subjects had a better lipreading ability when combined with electrostimulation; and 10 Subjects in the 3rd group had better results with lipreading plus electrostimulation. Measurement of psychoaffective and social improvement yielded complicated results. It is suggested that suitable questionnaires that take into account the patient's individual circumstances must be developed. A standardized test battery for all implant teams should be developed so that comparisons of results would be possible. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 143. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Dowell, R. C.; Webb, R. L.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, Australia. Title: Clinical results using a multiple-channel cochlear prosthesis. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:230-236. 7 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Deaf. Prostheses. Adulthood. Aurally Handicapped. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Effectiveness of Nucleus Limited multichannel cochlear implant, 22-67 yr old profoundly deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Evaluated the progress of 8 22-67 yr old profoundly deaf patients who have been implanted with the Nucleus Limited multichannel cochlear prosthesis since it became available in 1982. All Subjects were everyday users of the device. Speech testing using the device alone showed consistently high scores for a variety of closed-set tests and significant levels of open-set speech understanding in most of the Subjects. Lipreading assessment with phoneme, word, sentence, and speech-tracking material showed significant improvement when using the prosthesis for all Subjects tested. Other benefits reported were recognition of environmental sounds, decreases in tinnitus, increased confidence in social and vocational situations, and improved voice control. One Subject was able to cope with interactive conversations over the telephone and 3 others were able to use the telephone in a limited way without special codes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 144. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Fugain, C.; Meyer, B.; Chabolle, F.; Chouard, C.-H. Affiliation: Ctr Hospitalier Universitaire, Lab de Recherches O. R. L., Paris, France. Title: Clinical results of the French multichannel cochlear implant. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:237-246. 2 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Deaf. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Longitudinal Studies. Aurally Handicapped. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Effectiveness of CHORIMAC-12 multichannel cochlear implant, 10-71 yr old pre- vs postlingually deaf patients, 7-yr longitudinal study, conference presentation. Abstract: Discusses results of the clinical assessment of 66 10-71 yr old totally deaf patients who were implanted with the CHORIMAC-12, a French 12-channel cochlear implant, over a 7-yr period. 39 Subjects suffered from prelingual and 27 from postlingual deafness. Results show that voice changes could be objectively observed on sonagrams. Phonetic discrimination depended on the electrical and nervous status of the implanted deaf cochlea. Discrimination of words and sentences with a reference list, but without lipreading, was commonly observed. Discrimination of unknown words was more difficult and varied from one Subject to the other. Discrimination with lipreading progress elicited by the device depended on the preoperative status and Subjects' own abilities. Psychoaffective improvement was evident in every case, especially in 3 15-22 yr old autistic deaf-mutes. Findings are discussed in terms of surgical complications, implanted-material tolerance, psychological repercussions, and implants in children. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 145. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: McCabe, Brian F.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City. Title: Preliminary assessment of the Los Angeles, Vienna and Melbourne cochlear implants. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:247-253. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Deaf. Speech Perception. Lipreading. Adulthood. Aurally Handicapped. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: House-3M single-channel vs Vienna single-channel vs Nucleus Limited multichannel cochlear implant, speech discrimination & lipreading, deaf patients, conference presentation. Abstract: Tested 4 patients using the House-3M single-channel cochlear implant from Los Angeles, 3 patients using the single-channel cochlear implant from Vienna, and 2 patients using the Nucleus Limited multichannel cochlear implant from Melbourne. All but 1 Subject had profound bilateral hearing loss. The minimal auditory capacities battery and the Iowa Cochlear Implant Tests were used. Most Subjects were able to identify some environmental sounds. Three patients had difficulty distinguishing between male and female voices, and 3 could not distinguish between a noise and a voice. All Subjects had difficulty discriminating between unknown speakers of the same sex. A 4-choice spondee test in noise showed that all Subjects suffered from background noise. In all cases there was an improvement in lipreading ability with the implant. On a sentence test with a contextual cue, 7 Subjects got some words with sound alone. Results obtained with the multichannel implant were superior on several tasks, but too few Subjects were tested to allow firm conclusions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 146. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Tsou, L. D.; Wang, Z. Z.; Guo, S. J.; Hu, K. Affiliation: Capital Hosp, Dept of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China. Title: Cochlear implant: Our preliminary experience. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium: Cochlear implants (1983, Paris, France). Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1984 Suppl, v411:257-262. 11 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Followup Studies. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Patient selection & operative approach, cochlear implants, 18-60 yr old patients with bilateral total sensory deafness, conference presentation, 8 mo to 3 yr followup. Abstract: Performed cochlear implants in 16 18-60 yr old patients with bilateral total sensory deafness (12 cases with the plug-type electrodes and 4 cases with the coil-type electrodes) with analog single-channel electroacoustic stimulators. The follow-up period was 8 mo to 3 yrs. The selection of patients, operative approach, and the results of these cases are presented. Testing showed that the cochlear implants of both types allowed Subjects to hear, but the sounds heard were distorted so they were unable to discriminate speech. However, their lipreading capacity and sense of safety were improved. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 147. Author: Eisenwort, Brigitte; Benko, Edith. Affiliation: U Wien, Universitatsklinik fur Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke, Vienna, Austria. Title: Kommunikative kompetenz bei Horgeschadigten: Ansatze zu einem Trainings- und Testprogramm fur Cochlearimplantatstrager und Horgeratetrager. / Communicative competence in the hearing-impaired: First version of a training and test program for cochlear implant patients and hearing aid patients. Source: Folia Phoniatrica, 1983 Nov-Dec, v35 (n6):273-285. 43 references. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Communication Skills Training. Partially Hearing Impaired. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Auditory Perception. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Training & test program for cochlear implants, communicative competence, hearing impaired. Abstract: Discusses psychological and psycholinguistic aspects of hearing impairment. A program for the development of communicative skills and a test instrument for evaluating auditory perception, which were created by the present authors, are presented. The program and test are characterized by the fact that linguistic aspects are taken into account. (English & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 148. Author: Chouard, C.-H.; Fugain, C.; Meyer, B.; Lacombe, H. Affiliation: University Hospital Ctr of Paris-Saint-Antoine, Ears, Nose & Throat Research Lab, France. Title: Long-term results of the multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983 Jun, v405:387-411. 3 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Prostheses. Cochlea. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Long term efficacy, multichannel cochlear implant, deaf 10-57 yr olds. Abstract: Presents long-term clinical findings obtained with the multichannel cochlear implant in 48 10-57 yr old totally deaf patients (27 cases of pre- and 21 cases of postlingual deafness). The tolerance for implanted material and the survival of the electrode-nerve interface have not yet been altered after more than 5 yrs. It is concluded that the multichannel cochlear implant is a useful tool in the rehabilitation of totally deaf individuals. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 149. Author: Muller, Carl G. Affiliation: U Denver. Title: Comparison of percepts found with cochlear implant devices. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983 Jun, v405:412-420. 44 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Prostheses. Cochlea. Auditory Thresholds. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory thresholds, Subjects with cochlear implant devices. Abstract: Conducted psychoacoustic tests--threshold, pitch, and loudness--on Subjects with cochlear implant devices and compared these findings with those of normal listeners. The unique interaction of waveform and sensation level with pitch, loudness, and threshold appeared only in implanted Subjects. Direct waveform processing, without spectral decomposition, appears to be the means by which information is brought to the nervous system through electrical stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 150. Author: Owens, Elmer; Kessler, Dorcas; Raggio, Marcia. Affiliation: U California, San Francisco. Title: Results for some patients with cochlear implants on the Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) battery. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1983 Jun, v405:443-450. 13 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Audiometry. Prostheses. Cochlea. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Performance on Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery, adults with postlingual hearing loss fitted with cochlear implant. Abstract: Examined differences among 11 adult patients with postlingual hearing loss who were fitted with 1 of 3 types of cochlear implant systems: a single-channel stimulator with a single electrode, a single-channel stimulator with a multi-electrode, and a multichannel stimulator with a multi-electrode. Findings, based on MAC Battery results, suggest that multichannel stimulation of a multi-electrode array is a promising approach to the achievement of speech recognition with a cochlear implant. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 151. Author: Dowell, Richard C.; and others. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, Australia. Title: A 12-consonant confusion study on a multiple-channel cochlear implant patient. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1982 Dec, v25 (n4):509-516. 20 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Apparatus. Lipreading. Electrical Stimulation. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Treatment. Key phrase: Lipreading &/vs electrical stimulation using wearable speech processor & multiple-channel cochlear implant, perception of consonants in VCV context, 49 yr old male with total bilateral deafness. Abstract: A 49-yr-old man, suffering from total bilateral deafness acquired postlingually, was presented with the consonants /b/, /p/, /m/, /v/, /f/, /d/, /t/, /n/, /z/, /s/, /g/, and /k/ in a VCV context with the vowel /a/ as in "father" by a male and female speaker under 3 conditions: lipreading alone, electrical stimulation alone using the wearable speech processor and multiple-channel cochlear implant, and lipreading in conjunction with electrical stimulation. No significant difference was detected between the results for the male and female speakers. The percentage correct scores for the pooled results of both speakers were lipreading alone, 30%; electrical stimulation alone, 48%; lipreading with electrical stimulation, 70%. Performance was significantly better for lipreading with electrical stimulation than for lipreading alone and for electrical stimulation alone than for lipreading alone. An information transmission analysis demonstrated the effective integration of visual and auditory information for lipreading with electrical stimulation. There was a significant improvement in performance for the electrical stimulation alone condition over the 2 mo of the study in contrast to no such improvement for lipreading alone. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 152. DISSERTATION Author: Miller, Linda W. Affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles. Title: Individual differences in rehabilitation as a function of attachment behavior. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1981 Nov, v42 (n5-B):2071-2072. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Individual Differences. Deaf. Physical Treatment Methods. Rehabilitation. Independence (Personality). Interpersonal Interaction. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Compulsive self reliance & quality of attachment behavior, rehabilitation, profoundly postlingually deafened cochlear implant patients. 153. Author: Wasserman, Gerald S. Affiliation: Purdue U, Sensory Coding Lab, West Lafayette. Title: Cochlear implant codes and speech perception in the profoundly deaf. Source: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1981 Sep, v18 (n3):161-164. 38 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Cochlea. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Cochlear implant codes, speech perception, profoundly deaf. Abstract: Cochlear implants are coming into widespread use as prostheses for profoundly deaf patients suffering from sensorineural deafness. Sensory coding studies of natural receptors have indicated that the sensory code is task dependent. In particular, they have indicated that the sensory code for pattern recognition is the integral of the temporally dispersed receptor signal. These natural receptor data suggest that speech recognition in the profoundly deaf may be improved by incorporating an appropriate degree of temporal dispersion into the design of cochlear prostheses. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1982 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved).