Search request: F KW COCHLEAR IMPLANT Search result: 153 citations in the PsycINFO database Display: 1-L LONG ABS 1. ARTICLE; CONFERENCE Author: Donaldson, Gail S.; Viemeister, Neal F.; Nelson, David A. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Depts of Otolaryngology & Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, US. Title: Psychometric functions and temporal integration in electric hearing. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jun, v101 (n6):3706-3721. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Discrimination. Auditory Thresholds. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Adulthood. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Psychometric functions for detection & corresponding temporal- integration functions, deaf 32-64 yr old cochlear-implant users, conference presentation. Abstract: Provided detailed descriptions of psychometric functions for detection and corresponding temporal-integration functions in 8 adult cochlear-implant users (aged 32-64 yrs). The study also determined whether psychometric-function slopes predict temporal- integration function slopes in electric hearing, as suggested by the multiple-looks hypothesis. Temporal-integration functions were obtained for 21 electrodes. Stimuli were pulse trains composed of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 biphasic pulses presented at a rate of 100 pulse/s. Temporal-integration slopes were substantially shallower than the 2.5B doubling typically reported for acoustic listeners. Slopes of psychometric functions for detection also varied widely across Subjects and for different electrodes in some cochleas. Temporal-integration slopes varied inversely with psychometric-function slopes. This inverse relation was relatively well-described by a hyperbolic function predicted by a simple version of the multiple-looks model of temporal integration (N. F. Viemeister and G. H. Wakefield, 1991). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: Skinner, Margaret W.; Holden, Laura K.; Holden, Timothy A.; Demorest, Marilyn E. Affiliation: Washington U School of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, St., US. Title: Speech recognition at simulated soft, conversational, and raised-to-loud vocal efforts by adults with cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jun, v101 (n6):3766-3782. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Loudness. Oral Communication. Recognition (Learning). Adulthood. Consonants. Sentences. Vowels. Words (Phonetic Units). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vowels vs consonants vs words vs sentences presented at 50 vs 60 vs 70 dB sound-pressure level, speech recognition, postlinguistically deaf adults. Abstract: Evaluated the recognition of vowels, consonants, words, and sentences presented in quiet at 50, 60, and 70 dB sound-pressure level for 10 postlinguistically deaf adults who use the SPEAK speech coding strategy of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System. The Subjects recognized significant amounts of unrelated sentences, single syllable words, words scored as phonemes correct, vowels, and consonants at a conversational level of 60 dB sound- pressure level (e.g., group mean scores: 72%, 29%, 56%, 70%, and 66% respectively) in a sound-only condition. In addition, all except one Subject recognized some words at 50 dB sound-pressure level. This level simulates either soft speech or speech spoken at a normal conversational effort but at distances of approximately 3 m. It is suggested that the level at which speech tests are given clinically should represent that of conversational speech (i.e., approximately 60dB sound-pressure level) and not the raised-to-loud speech level of 70 dB that is very difficult to maintain. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: Lane, Harlan; Wozniak, Jane; Matthies, Melanie; Svirsky, Mario; and others. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, MA, US. Title: Changes in sound pressure and fundamental frequency contours following changes in hearing status. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Apr, v101 (n4, Pt 1):2244-2252. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Feedback. Auditory Stimulation. Aurally Disabled. Cochlear Implants. Oral Reading. Adulthood. Deaf. Loudness. Nervous System Disorders. Pitch (Frequency). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory feedback, sound pressure level & fundamental frequency contours during reading, deafened speakers with cochlear implants vs patient with Neurofibromatosis-2 who had hearing reduced. Abstract: Aimed to clarify the influence of auditory feedback on sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0) contours. Contours were obtained from 5 speakers who underwent changes in long-term hearing status. Four Subjects were postingually deafened adults who had some auditory feedback (AF) restored with a cochlear prosthesis. In a complimentary situation, the 5th Subject, a patient with Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2), had her hearing severely reduced following surgery to remove an auditory-nerve tumor and to implant an auditory brainstem implant. The authors hypothesized that changes in the variability of SPL and F0 contours reflect that same role of self-hearing; exaggerated SPL and F0 inflections serve to enhance intelligibility under adverse transmission conditions. The authors compared each Subject's contours obtained with AF (implant users after activation of their speech processors and the NF2 patient before hearing loss) to those obtained without AF (preactivation for implant users) or with severely reduced AF (postsurgery for the NF2 patient). Findings for SPL and F0 contours of implant users and a NF2 patient show that Subjects without AF in the former case, or severely reduced AF in the latter, read passages with more inflected SPL and F0 contours than in the presence of AF. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 4. Author: Collins, Leslie M.; Zwolan, Teresa A.; Wakefield, Gregory H. Affiliation: Duke U, Durham, NC, US. Title: Comparison of electrode discrimination, pitch ranking, and pitch scaling data in postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1997 Jan, v101 (n1):440-455. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Electrodes. Pitch (Frequency). Speech Perception. Adulthood. Pitch Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Sequential vs pitch-based electrode ordering, electrode discrimination & pitch ranking & pitch scaling in speech perception, postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Measured speech recognition in 11 postlingually deaf adults fitted with cochlear prostheses in discrimination, pitch ranking, and pitch scaling experiments comparing the effects of sequential ordering of electrodes and electrode ordering based on measured pitch. It was hypothesized that electrode sites were not equally discriminable for Subjects implanted with the Nucleus/Cochlear Corp device, and that poor electrode discriminability results in a degradation of information that can be transmitted to the Subjects by the speech processing system of the prosthetic device. The results of the experiments indicate that the 3 measures do not provide equivalent estimates of either pitch or electrode-site discriminability. A model based on the multidimensional nature of electrode stimulation is proposed as an explanation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Fryauf-Bertschy, Holly; Tyler, Richard S.; Kelsay, Danielle M. R.; Gantz, Bruce J.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Cochlear implant use by prelingually deafened children: The influences of age at implant and length of device use. Source: Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 1997 Feb, v40 (n1):183-199. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Hearing Disorders. Speech Perception. Adolescence. Childhood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Cochlear implant use & age, long term speech perception performance, prelingually deafened children & adolescents aged 2-15 yrs at implantation. Abstract: Investigated the long-term speech perception performances of 34 prelingually deafened children who received multichannel cochlear implants between the ages of 2 and 15 yrs. Subjects were grouped by the age at which they received the implants and were characterized by the amount of time they used their devices per day. A variety of speech perception tests were administered to the Subjects at annual intervals following the connection of the external implant hardware. No significant differences in performance were evident for Subjects implanted before age 5 compared to children implanted after age 5 on closed-set tests of speech perception ability. All Subjects demonstrated an improvement in performance compared to the pre-operative condition. Open-set word recognition performance was significantly better for Subjects implanted before age 5 compared to Subjects implanted after age 5 at the 36-mo test interval and the 48-mo test interval. User status, defined by the amount of daily use of the implant, significantly affected all measures of speech perception performance except pattern perception. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. Author: Leder, Steven B.; Spitzer, Jaclyn B.; Kirchner, J. Cameron; Flevaris-Phillips, Carole; and others. Affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Ctr, Cochlear Implant Team, West Haven, CT, US. Title: Speaking rate of adventitiously deaf male cochlear implant candidates. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Sep, v82 (n3):843-846. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Onset (Disorders). Aurally Disabled. Hearing Disorders. Speech Rate. Hearing Aids. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Length of time since onset & hearing aid use, speech rate, 41-62 yr old males with vs without adventitious profound sensorineural hearing impairment. Abstract: Attempted to determine what speaking rate differences from normal, if any, occurred in 25 males (age 41-62 yrs) secondary to adventitious profound sensorineural hearing impairment. The Subjects were compared with 10 controls. Length of time since onset and length of time since last use of hearing aids were also considered. Stimuli consisted of an orally read paragraph with a total of 127 syllables. The results showed that the hearing impaired Subjects took 35% longer than the controls to read the paragraph. The adventitiously hearing impaired Subjects exhibited a speaking rate of 1 syllable per second slower than the controls. No significant differences in speech rate were found due to the length of impairment or the use of a hearing aid. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 7. Author: Blamey, P. J.; Dowell, R. C.; Clark, G. M.; Seligman, P. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Dept of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, East Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Acoustic parameters measured by a formant-estimating speech processor for a multiple-channel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):38-47. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Automated Speech Recognition. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Discrimination. Adulthood. Vowels. Consonants. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Wearable real time speech processor, consonant & vowel discrimination, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Describes the function of a wearable speech processor used with multiple-channel cochlear implant. The processor provided estimates of 5 speech parameters that were encoded and presented to patients using the implant. The parameters were chosen on the basis of the usefulness of the speech information they convey and the ability of the patients to perceive the information. The 5 parameters were estimates of the fundamental voice frequency, the 1st formant frequency, the 2nd formant frequency, the 1st formant amplitude, and the 2nd formant amplitude. The usefulness of the speech parameter estimates and the effectiveness of the coding scheme were tested on 3 cochlear implant patients using closed sets of vowels and consonants. The real-time speech processor allowed the discrimination and identification of most vowels and consonants for a single speaker in a quiet environment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 8. Author: Blamey, P. J.; Dowell, R. C.; Brown, A. M.; Clark, G. M.; and others. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Dept of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hosp, East Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Vowel and consonant recognition of cochlear implant patients using formant-estimating speech processors. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):48-57. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Adulthood. Vowels. Consonants. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Multiple channel cochlear implant, vowel & consonant recognition in hearing & lipreading & combined conditions, postlingually profoundly deaf adults. Abstract: Examined the vowel and consonant recognition of 28 postlingually profoundly deaf adults using a multiple channel cochlear implant. The study (1) compared the vowel and consonant scores in hearing alone (H), lipreading alone (L), and combined (HL) conditions, (2) determined which speech features were used by the Subjects for vowel and consonant recognition in each condition, and (3) compared the effectiveness of the different speech processors in the H condition. The implant provided useful information in the H and HL conditions. The visual and auditory signals provided independent information sources that supplemented each other for a range of speech features. For vowels, the auditory signal was the major source of duration information. The visual signal was the major source of 1st and 2nd formant information. For consonants, the results could be modeled as a 4-dimensional space. Two dimensions were primarily visual. The others were auditory. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. Author: Townshend, Brent; Cotter, Neil; Van Compernolle, Dirk; White, R. L. Affiliation: Stanford U, Dept of Electrical Engineering, CA, US. Title: Pitch perception by cochlear implants subjects. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987 Jul, v82 (n1):106-115. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Pitch Perception. Pitch (Frequency). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Pitch place & rate & level, pitch perception, adult scala tympani implant Subjects. Abstract: Examined the effects of place, rate, and level on pitch perception in 3 adult scala tympani implant Subjects. Several procedures were used in collecting the data. To the Subjects, however, the paradigm always appeared to be a 2-alternative, forced-choice selection between 2 sounds on the basis of their perceived pitch. Three different methods were used to determine the value of the parameters of the stimulus presented in each trial: exhaustive, fixed, and adaptive. There appears to be 2 factors that control the pitch percept in implant Subjects: the place and the rate of the stimulation. The basilar membrane normally acts as a mechanical Fourier transform creating maximum activity at spectral peaks. This excites neurons in that region creating a mapping from frequency to neural position. This tonographic organization was observed with electrical stimulation in 2 of the Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 10. Author: Willis, Suzi; Edwards, Jo. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester, Manchester Paediatric Implant Programme, CAEDSP, Manchester, England. Title: A prelingually deaf child's acquisition of spoken vocabulary in the first year of multichannel cochlear implant use. Source: Child Language Teaching & Therapy, 1996 Oct, v12 (n3):272-287. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Language Development. Oral Communication. Vocabulary. Childhood. Human Females. Preschool Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: 12 mo of multichannel cochlear implant use, expressive & receptive vocabulary acquisition & use of spoken language in everyday situations, 4-yr-old prelingually deaf female. Abstract: Evaluated a 4-yr-old, prelingually, profoundly deaf female's acquisition of receptive and expressive spoken vocabulary in the 1st yr of multichannel cochlear implant use. In addition, an evaluation of the child's use of spoken language in everyday situations was examined. A prelingually deaf child, after 12 mo of cochlear implant use, can be described as having a "hearing age" of 12 mo. Comparisons were made with both hearing age and chronological age controls using scores taken from standardized data. While the child was unable to show progress in her receptive vocabulary development on the British Picture Vocabulary Scale, her performance on the MacAuthur CDI showed that she had acquired a substantial amount of vocabulary over her 1st 12 mo of cochlear implant use. She is acquiring expressive vocabulary at an accelerated rate, and she is also observed to be acquiring receptive vocabulary at a faster rate than normally-hearing children. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 11. Author: Sierra, C.; Rubio, G.; Kassem, S.; Marin, J.; and others. Affiliation: La Paz Hosp, Psychiatric Service, Madrid, Spain. Title: Evaluation of psychosocial adjustment following cochlear implant in adults. Source: European Journal of Psychiatry, 1996 Apr-Jun, v10 (n2):76-82. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Neuropsychology. Psychosocial Readjustment. Psychosocial Rehabilitation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Neuropsychological & psychosocial adjustment following cochlear implant, adult patients, Spain, implications for role of mental health workers in rehabilitation. Abstract: Studied 19 adult patients in Spain before and after cochlear implant (CI) to evaluate any possible neuropsychological impairment that might be a problem for rehabilitation and post-CI adjustment. Prior to the CI, Subjects were evaluated according to a battery of instruments, including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Assessment after the CI indicated (1) low prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, (2) normal range scores on the psychometric tests, and (3) optimum adjustment in the areas of auditory skills and social relations. The role of mental health workers in facilitating CIs is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 12. Author: Matthies, Melanie L.; Svirsky, Mario; Perkell, Joseph; Lane, Harlan. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, MA, US. Title: Acoustic and articulatory measures of sibilant production with and without auditory feedback from a cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Oct, v39 (n5):936-946. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Articulation (Speech). Auditory Feedback. Cochlear Implants. Oral Communication. Phonemes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic & articulatory analysis of sibilant phoneme production with vs without auditory feedback, 37 yr old male with cochlear implant. Abstract: The articulator positions of a 37-yr-old male with a cochlear implant were measured with an electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer (EMMA) system with and without auditory feedback available to the Subject via his implant. Acoustic analysis of sibilant productions included specific measures of their spectral properties as well as the F3 formant amplitude. More general postural characteristics of the utterances, such as speech rate and sound level, were measured as well. Because of the mechanical and aerodynamic interdependence of the articulators, the postural variables must be considered before attributing speech improvement to the selective correction of a phonemic target with the use of auditory feedback. The tongue blade position was related to the shape and central tendency of the / / spectra; however, changes in the spectral contrast between /s/ and / / were not related to changes in the more general postural variables of rate and sound level. These findings suggest that the cochlear implant is providing this Subject with important auditory cues that he can use to monitor his speech and maintain the phonemic contrast between /s/ and / /. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 13. Author: Robinshaw, Helen M.; Evans, Roy. Affiliation: Downshire House Research Ctr, London, England. Title: Assessing the acquisition of the auditory, communicative and linguistic skills of a congenitally deaf infant pre- and post-cochlear implantation. Source: Early Child Development & Care, 1996 Feb, v117:77-98. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Communication Skills. Deaf. Linguistics. Oral Communication. Childhood. Infants. Longitudinal Studies. Preschool Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Acquisition of auditory & communicative & linguistic skills, congenitally deaf male infant before vs after cochlear implantation, longitudinal study, England. Abstract: Provides a detailed account of the auditory, communicative and linguistic development of a young acoustic hearing aid user who became the 1st congenitally deaf British infant to receive a multichannel cochlear implant. The Subject's development is documented using the Schuyler et al (1985) list of auditory objectives, and D. Ling's (1976, 1989) schedules and targets of phonetic and phonologic level development. The study provides evidence on the utility of these tools in a field setting. The Subject's hearing loss was identified at age 2 mo, by 5 mo of age he was fitted with 2 Rexton mini primo post-aural acoustic hearing aids, and he was implanted with a Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant when he was 29 mo. The Subject was longitudinally studied until he was 4.5 yrs of age. Results show the Subject's speech and voice quality had improved 2 yrs postimplant. Findings suggest there is a need for a more refined schedule of auditory skills which reflect subtle changes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 14. Author: Javel, Eric. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Dept of Otolaryngology, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Title: Long-term adaptation in cat auditory-nerve fiber responses. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996 Feb, v99 (n2):1040-1052. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Acoustic Nerve. Electrical Activity. Response Parameters. Sensory Adaptation. Stimulus Intensity. Cats. Stimulus Onset. Stimulus Presentation Methods. Population terms: Animal. Key phrase: Stimulus onset & intensity, characteristics of long term adaptation of auditory nerve fiber responses, cats. Abstract: Examined the adaptation of cat auditory-nerve fiber responses after the rapid and short-term phases are complete. Response reductions were characterized by long-term adaptation, which affected the discharge rate in the first several seconds following stimulus onset, and which increased with sensation level, decreased with spontaneous rate, and was not correlated with characteristic-frequency tones or fiber response threshold. Fiber responses formed a larger group, which adapted for CF tones at 2-40 dB, and a smaller group that did not adapt over long terms. No long-term effects were observed in responses of fibers directly stimulated by high-intensity electrical pulses presented at rates to 500 sec through a cochlear implant. Implications for the occurrence of long-term adaptation are considered. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 15. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luther M.; Smith, Michael; Parkin, James L. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, AZ, USA. Title: Frequency discrimination and speech recognition by patients who use the Ineraid and continuous interleaved sampling cochlear-implant signal processors. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1996 Feb, v99 (n2):1174-1184. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Pitch (Frequency). Pitch Discrimination. Speech Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Frequency discrimination & speech recognition at various formants, patients using Ineraid cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated frequency discrimination and speech recognition with 65 patients using the Ineraid cochlear implant, which produces simultaneous, analog stimulation to 4 channels. Stimuli in the frequency discrimination task varied from 125-3300 Hz in Exp 1, and in Exp 2, spanned the frequency range of first speech formants, 350-850 Hz, and used smaller frequency increments. In Exp 3, frequency discrimination over the first formants range was compared for stimuli presented through the Subjects' signal processors or a single electrode. In Exp 4, psychometric functions for frequency discrimination were obtained at fixed frequencies. Discrimination and recognition varied among Subjects, with discrimination better in the frequency domain of first formants. In Exp 5, it was determined that the continuous interleaved sampling processor improved speech recognition and frequency discrimination in the range of later speech formants. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1997 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 16. DISSERTATION Author: Chute, Patricia Molinelli. Affiliation: Columbia U Teachers College, NY, US. Title: The effects of visual distortion on the speechreading ability in adult users of multichannel cochlear implants. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 1994, v54 (n12-B):6123. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Lipreading. Illumination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Reduction in illumination for distortion of visual conditions, speechreading from videotape with vision alone vs vision & audition through cochlear implant, postlingually deaf adults. 17. Author: Brown, Carolyn J.; Abbas, Paul J.; Borland, James; Bertschy, Michael R. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Electrically evoked whole nerve action potentials in Ineraid cochlear implant users: Responses to different stimulating electrode configurations and comparison to psychophysical responses. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Jun, v39 (n3):453-467. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Electrical Stimulation. Evoked Potentials. Thresholds. Adulthood. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Bipolar &/vs monopolar electrical cochlear stimulation, whole nerve EP detection threshold & growth function slope & refractory recovery functions, profoundly deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Recorded evoked whole nerve action potentials (EPs) from 20 Ineraid cochlear implant users in response to bipolar and/or monopolar electrical cochlear stimulation. Parallel psychophysical experiments measured EP growth functions, refractory recovery functions, the just detectable increment in stimulus current level (JND), forward-masking functions, and detection thresholds for different stimulus conditions. Variations in EP threshold, growth function slope, and the rate of recovery of the EP from the refractory state were observed both across Subjects for a given place and by mode of stimulation (bipolar vs monopolar), as well as across electrodes within an S. A poor correlation between slope of the EP growth functions and current JNDs was obtained. Good correlations were observed between EP threshold and psychophysical detection threshold and between the EP refractory recovery functions and the psychophysical forward-masking functions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 18. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Bedia, Elizabeth Gilbert; Woodworth, George. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Differences in children's sound production when speaking with a cochlear implant turned on and turned off. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Jun, v39 (n3):604-610. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Feedback. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Auditory feedback, speech production, prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Abstract: 20 prelingually deaf children (mean age 9 yrs) with at least 24 mo experience wearing cochlear implants spoke 14 monosyllabic words 3 times each after having not worn their cochlear implants for several hours. Subjects then spoke the same speech sample again with their cochlear implants turned on. The utterances were phonetically transcribed by speech-language pathologists. On average, no difference between speaking conditions on indices of vowel height, vowel place, initial consonant place, initial consonant voicing, or final consonant voicing was found. Comparisons based on narrow transcription of the speech samples revealed no difference between the 2 speaking conditions. In the device on condition, Subjects sometimes nasalized their vowels and inappropriately aspirated their consonants. Their tendency to nasalize vowels and aspirate initial consonants might reflect an attempt to increase proprioceptive feedback and awareness of speaking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 19. Author: Parkinson, Aaron J.; Tyler, Richard S.; Woodworth, George G.; Lowder, Mary W.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa, General Hosp, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: A within-subject comparison of adult patients using the Nucleus F0F1F2 and F0F1F2B3B4B5 speech processing strategies. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1996 Apr, v39 (n2):261-277. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Speech Perception. Adulthood. Aged. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Nucleus F0F1F2 vs F0F1F2B3B4B5 speech processing schemes, speech perception, 28-70 yr old cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Compared the Nucleus F0F1F2 and F0F1F2B3B4B5 processing schemes in 17 patients (aged 28-70 yrs) wearing the Mini Speech Processor. Subjects were switched back and forth 4 times between processing strategies for 3 mo each time. Performance was evaluated with both schemes after each interval, using speech recognition tests and subjective ratings. Results show that average performance was somewhat better for the F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy for word and sentence identification, that F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy transmitted consonant duration and frication cues more effectively than the F0F1F2 strategy, and that experience with 1 strategy benefited performance with the other strategy. Eight Subjects showed superior performance in 1 or 2 of the 6 speech measures with the F0F1F2B3B4B5 strategy, while 3 Subjects performed better with the F0F1F2 strategy for consonant recognition. The remaining Subjects showed little difference in performance between strategies. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 20. Author: Skinner, Margaret W.; Holden, Laura K.; Holden, Timothy A.; Demorest, Marilyn E. Affiliation: Washington U, School of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Comparison of procedures for obtaining thresholds and maximum acceptance loudness levels with the nucleus cochlear implant system. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1995 Jun, v38 (n3):677-689. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Thresholds. Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Loudness Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Keyboard vs knob vs ascending loudness judgments, loudness detection thresholds, 26-63 yr olds with Nucleus cochlear implant. Abstract: Two stimulus paradigms and two presentation methods were combined to form 3 procedures (keyboard, knob, and ascending loudness judgments with knob (ALJs)) to obtain detection thresholds and maximum acceptable loudness levels (MALs) from 11 adults (aged 26-63 yrs) with the Nucleus cochlear implant. Thresholds at which Subjects correctly counted the number of stimulus bursts were also obtained. Keyboard detection thresholds were higher than were knob and ALJ detection thresholds. Counted thresholds were obtained most efficiently by using keyboard detection thresholds as the initial level for testing. Keyboard MALs were highest, knob MALs were intermediate, and ALJ MALs were lowest. MALs were obtained most efficiently with the ALJ procedure. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 21. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Woodworth, George G. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, IA, US. Title: Acquisition of speech by children who have prolonged cochlear implant experience. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1995 Apr, v38 (n2):327-337. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Articulation (Speech). Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Development. Adolescence. Childhood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Sign Language. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Intelligible speech & error patterns & production & perception skills & sign use, prelinguistically deafened children with cochlear implantation at 2-5 vs 5-8 vs 8-15 yrs old. Abstract: Examined level of intelligible speech following prolonged cochlear-implant (CI) experience, speech error patterns, age at implantation effects, use of speech without sign, and speech production and perception skills. 28 prelinguistically deafened children who used a Nucleus CI were assigned to one of 3 age groups, according to age at implantation: 2-5 yrs ( N = 12), 5-8 yrs ( N = 9), and 8-15 yrs ( N = 7). Subjects completed measures of speech production and an audiological test battery. Phonetic and orthographic transcriptions were completed by speech-language pathologists. Results show that (1) Subjects who have used a CIs for at least 2 yrs acquire intelligible speech, (2) Subjects who receive a CI before 5 yrs old appear to show greater benefit in their speech production skills than older Subjects, (3) Subjects recognizing more speech while wearing CIs are likely to speak more intelligibly and, (4) signing does not disappear following implantation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 22. Author: Pijl, Sipke; Schwarz, Dietrich W. F. Affiliation: St Paul's Hosp, Div of Otolaryngology, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Title: Melody recognition and musical interval perception by deaf subjects stimulated with electrical pulse trains through single cochlear implant electrodes. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Aug, v98 (n2, Pt 1):886-895. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch Perception. Hearing Disorders. Music. Pattern Discrimination. Electrical Stimulation. Adulthood. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Aged. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Changes in biphasic electrical pulse train rates, melody recognition & musical pitch perception, postlinguistically deaf 33-77 yr olds with cochlear implants, Canada. Abstract: 17 postlinguistically deaf Subjects (aged 33-77 yrs) with cochlear implants correctly identified a mean of 44% of rhythmically intact familiar tunes presented in an open-set paradigm. Stimuli were pulse trains representing tones on the tempered musical scale. Three Subjects were tested for melody recognition in the absence of rhythmical cues. Results show higher recognition scores at lower pulse rates. These 3 Subjects were also required to indicate whether the 2nd tone of an interval, represented by a change in pulse rate relative to the 1st tone, was "in tune". Data demonstrate that some cochlear implant Subjects can use pulse rate changes on single intracochlear electrodes as cues for musical pitch intervals. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 23. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Spencer, Linda; Gilbert-Bedia, Elizabeth. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Relationships between speech production and speech perception skills in young cochlear-implant users. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Nov, v98 (n5, Pt 1):2454-2460. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Perception. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. Adolescence. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Speech production & perception skills, prelingually deafened children & adolescents with cochlear implants. Abstract: 23 prelingually deafened children who had received at least 2 yrs of experience with a cochlear implant participated in the study. Perception and production skills were assessed using the Children's Audio-visual Feature Test (CAVFT). Some of the speech features assessed included voicing, and nasality. Performance on the production version of the CAVFT varied widely, with an average score of 37% consonants correct, but only 25% when the CAVFT was administered in an audition-only condition. Data from 16 of the 23 Subjects were obtained from a previous CAVFT testing, and the 2 test dates were compared to determine if experience with a cochlear implant enhanced speech production. Findings indicate that frication and nasality scores had improved. Subjects produced many errors of voicing, did not distinguish between voiced and unvoiced sounds on the basis of voice onset time or syllabic duration, and rarely produced errors of place articulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 24. Author: Nelson, David A.; Van Tasell, Dianne J.; Schroder, Anna C.; Soli, Sigfrid; and others. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Dept of Communication Disorders, Minneapolis, US. Title: Electrode ranging of "place pitch" and speech recognition in electrical hearing. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Oct, v98 (n4):1987-1999. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Perception. Partially Hearing Impaired. Pitch (Frequency). Auditory Discrimination. Cochlear Implants. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Perception of spectral speech cues & electrode ranking of place pitch, partially hearing impaired with Nucleus 22 cochlear implant. Abstract: Examined whether the ability of multichannel cochlear implant users to perceive spectral speech cues should be related to their ability to differentiate among stimulation to different electrodes in terms of the perception of the evoked pitch. 14 hearing-impaired Subjects with Nucleus 22-electrode arrays implanted in the cochlea ranked electrodes based on 500-msec stimulus bursts of biphasic 0.2-msec/phase current pulses, delivered at 100 or 125 pulses per second. 10 Subjects also participated in speech recognition testing. The ability to rank electrodes varied considerably among Subjects and was limited by a ceiling effect in Subjects with excellent place-pitch perception. Ranking improved linearly with spatial separation between comparison electrodes. Relatively good transmission of consonant phoneme information did not necessarily require excellent place-pitch sensitivity. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 25. Author: Waring, Michael D. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Electrophysiology Lab, Los Angeles, CA, US. Title: Auditory brain-stem responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus in human subjects. Source: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials, 1995 Jul, v96 (n4):338-347. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Evoked Potentials. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Brain Stem. Deaf. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Electrical stimulation of cochlear nucleus, auditory brain stem responses, deaf patients with vs awaiting auditory brain stem implant. Abstract: Establishes preliminary standards for human evoked auditory brain-stem responses (EARBs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus. Short-latency evoked potentials were recorded from 6 Subjects, 3 of whom had an auditory brain-stem implant, and the other 3 were undergoing implantation. Results indicate that the evoked potentials obtained from the two groups of Subjects were similar. Two types of evoked potential waveforms, called the 3-wave and the 2-wave responses, were found in both the groups. The latencies of the peaks changed very little with stimulus amplitude. For the 6 Subjects, the latency of the second vertex-positive peak was 1.2-1.7 msec. The third wave was present only in two cases and had a peak latency of 2.1-2.3 msec. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 26. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Lowder, Mary W.; Parkinson, Aaron J.; Woodworth, George G.; and others. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Performance of adult Ineraid and Nucleus cochlear implant patients after 3.5 years of use. Source: Audiology, 1995 May-Jun, v34 (n3):135-144. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. Deaf. Followup Studies. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Nucleus vs Ineraid cochlear implants, speech perception, postlingually deafened adults, 3.5 yr followup. Abstract: 42 postlingually deafened adult patients, 21 with a formant extraction version of the Nucleus cochlear implant (NCI) and 21 with the analog processing Ineraid cochlear implant (ICI), were evaluated on speech perception tests after using the implants for 3.5 yrs. All but 4 Subjects showed enhanced lipreading with the implant. Word recognition averaged 14-19% correct, and word recognition in sentences averaged 43-49% correct for the 2 devices. Average performance was superior with the ICI on consonant recognition in noise. Vowel perception was influenced by 1st- and 3rd-formant frequency for the NCI, and 1st-formant and fundamental frequency for the ICI Subjects. The ICI was more effective at conveying information about consonant nasality and frication, which contributed most to the total information transmitted for either implant. Both devices had difficulty conveying information about vowel 2nd-formant frequency and consonant place. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 27. Author: Dillier, Norbert; Battmer, Rolf D.; Doring, Wolfgang H.; Muller-Deile, Joachim. Affiliation: University Hosp, ENT Dept, Zurich, Switzerland. Title: Multicentric field evaluation of a new speech coding strategy for cochlear implants. Source: Audiology, 1995 May-Jun, v34 (n3):145-159. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Spectral peak speech encoding vs multipeak speech processing, speech perception, postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implants, Switzerland & Germany. Abstract: In a study involving 4 European cochlear implant centers, the speech perception abilities were investigated of 20 native German-speaking Subjects implanted with the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System when using a new spectral peak (SPEAK) speech coding strategy. Each Subject's performance on auditory perceptual tasks was evaluated with the experimental encoder (SPEAK), relative to his or her performance in a reference condition. The reference levels of auditory performance were established using the multipeak (MPEAK) speech-processing strategy of the Nucleus speech processor. Only Subjects who achieved open-set monosyllable word recognition in the reference condition were included in this study. Significant differences in group mean scores for most speech recognition subtests were obtained for the SPEAK vs the MPEAK strategy. The largest overall improvements were observed for the sentence tests under noisy conditions. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 28. Author: van Hoesel, R. J. M.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Human Communication Research Ctr, Vict, Australia. Title: Evaluation of a portable two-microphone adaptive beamforming speech processor with cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995 Apr, v97 (n4):2498-2503. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Apparatus. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: 2 microphone adaptive beamformer vs fixed broadside array with microphone signals, physical testing performance, cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Compared the results of a 2-microphone adaptive beamformer (ABF strategy) with a 2-microphone fixed broadside array in which the 2 microphone signals were added together (SUM strategy). Physical testing, using (1) a KEMAR manikin and (2) the ABF algorithm for 2 other acoustic environments, showed that the SUM strategy offered only a very limited directional gain, while at a direct-to-reverberant power ratio of about 13 dB, the ABF achieved about 10-dB noise level attenuation. In subjective testing with 4 adult cochlear implant patients, Subjects performed much better in the 0-dB signal-to-noise level condition with the ABF than with the SUM. The ABF has clear benefits to cochlear implant users in environments with moderate reverberation and with only 1 noise source interfering with target speech source. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 29. Author: Lansing, Charissa R.; Bievenue, Lisa A. Affiliation: U Illinois, Dept of Speech & Hearing Science, Urbana-Champaign, US. Title: Intelligent computer-based systems to document the effectiveness of consonant recognition training. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Winter, v96 (n1):41-49. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Computer Assisted Instruction. Speech Perception. Consonants. Rehabilitation. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Effectiveness of computer based auditory & visual consonant recognition training system, hearing impaired adolescents & adults with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Abstract: Describes the design and instructional contingencies of a computer-based system for auditory and visual consonant recognition training. This system is used with adults who require hearing aid or a cochlear implant to understand speech. Instead of using rigid flash-card types of drills, individual training sequences are developed as students interact with the system. Computer-based drills incorporate adaptive feedback, increasing ratio review, a retirement criteria, and discrimination training. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 30. Author: Staller, Steven J.; Beiter, Anne L.; Brimacombe, Judith A. Affiliation: Cochlear Corp, Englewood, CO, US. Title: Use of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System with children. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):15-39. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Hearing Disorders. Followup Studies. Childhood. Longitudinal Studies. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Use of Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System, ability to use auditory information, children, 1 yr followup & further longitudinal data. Abstract: Describes the components of the Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant System and discusses how acoustic information is analyzed and sent to the electrode array that has been placed in the inner ear. The decision to recommend an implant for a child is made following an evaluation by an interdisciplinary team, which includes the otologist, audiologist, speech-language pathologist, educator, and parents. An educational program that emphasizes the development of auditory and oral language skills and a family committed to helping their child maximize hearing capabilities is important to success with the implant. Speech perception data from 178 children are summarized that show that after 1 yr of auditory experience with the cochlear implant, children show changes in their ability to use auditory information. Longitudinal data show that children continue to make progress over time. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 31. Author: Geers, Ann; Brenner, Chris. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, Sensory Aids Project, Clinical Services, St Louis, MO, US. Title: Speech perception results: Audition and lipreading enhancement. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):97-108. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Hearing Aids. Cochlear Implants. Lipreading. Followup Studies. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implant vs tactile aid vs conventional hearing aid, speech perception & lipreading, profoundly hearing impaired children, 3 yr followup. Abstract: Examined changes in speech perception performance of 39 children with profound hearing impairment using a Nucleus 22 Channel Cochlear Implant (CIs), a Tactaid tactile aid, or conventional hearing aids over 3-yrs. Speech perception performance of all 3 groups was similar before beginning the study. After 36 mo, 11 of the 13 Subjects with CIs were able to identify words on the basis of auditory consonant cues. Feature perception scores reflected an implant advantage in the perception of pitch, vowels, and consonant place. Significant lip reading enhancement was achieved after 36 mo of CI use which was comparable to that achieved by profoundly deaf children with 90 to 100 dB HL hearing losses who receive benefit from hearing aids. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 32. Author: Boothroyd, Arthur; Eran, Orna. Affiliation: City U New York, US. Title: Auditory speech perception capacity of child implant users expressed as equivalent hearing loss. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):151-167. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Disorders. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implant, auditory speech perception capacity expressed as equivalent hearing loss, school age children. Abstract: Administered the IMSPAC, an imitative test of speech pattern contrast perception, to 76 child hearing aid users (mean age 9.6 yrs) and 18 child users of the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant (CI). The hearing aid data provided a linear regression function for aided IMSPAC score on unaided threshold. This function was then used to estimate for each implant user the unaided threshold at which the IMSPAC score of a typical hearing aid user would equal that of a CI user. This quantity, referred to as Equivalent Hearing Loss, averaged 88 dB for the 18 CI users, with a range of 74-113 dB. The results support the conclusion that a multichannel CI can provide many otherwise profoundly deaf children with auditory speech perception capacity similar to that of severely deaf children who wear hearing aids. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 33. Author: Osberger, Mary Joe; Robbins, Amy McConkey; Todd, Susan L.; Riley, Allyson I. Affiliation: Advanced Bionics Corp, Sylmar, CA, US. Title: Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants. Source: Volta Review, 1994 Nov, v96 (n5):169-180. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Speech Characteristics. Oral Communication. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implants & use of oral vs total communication, speech intelligibility, prelingually deaf children. Abstract: Examined the speech intelligibility (SI) of 18 children with prelingual deafness after using multichannel cochlear implants for an average of 3 yrs. 50% of Subjects used oral communication (OC), and 50% used total communication (TC). Subjects were matched in terms of age at onset of deafness, age implanted, and duration of implant use. Sentences were elicited from the Subjects on an imitative basis and played to panels of listeners who were instructed to write what they thought the Subjects had said. The SI was measured in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood in the sentences. The average SI score of Subjects who used OC was 48%, which was higher than the average score of 21% of the Subjects who used TC. The range of scores for Subjects who used OC was relatively large, with the scores of the Subjects with the lowest SI comparable to those of the Subjects who used TC. None of Subjects who used TC showed scores similar to those of the Subjects with the greatest SI. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 34. Author: Cazals, Yves; Pelizzone, Marco; Saudan, Olivier; Boex, Colette. Affiliation: INSERM Unite 229, Lab d'Audiologie Experimentale, U Bordeaux II, Hopital Pellegrin, France. Title: Low-pass filtering in amplitude modulation detection associated with vowel and consonant identification in subjects with cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994 Oct, v96 (n4):2048-2054. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Cochlear Implants. Deaf. Filtered Speech. Consonants. Vowels. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Low pass filtering of amplitude modulations, vowel & consonant identification & fine temporal coding in speech detection, postlingually deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated vowel and consonant identification in Subjects with cochlear implants to better understand the importance of fine temporal coding in speech perception. Studies were performed in 9 postlingually deaf Subjects implanted with an Ineraid device. Results indicated a strong relationship between low-pass filtering (LPF) in amplitude modulation (AM) detection at the most apically implanted electrode and speech recognition scores for isolated vowels and intervocalic consonants. Data support previous investigations in showing that acoustic features of speech linked to temporal envelope variations provide a substantial amount of information to cochlear implant Subjects. In addition, they indicate that an LPF of AMs similar to that existing for acoustic hearing seems essential for successful phonetic identification. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 35. Author: Aronson, L.; Rosenhouse, J.; Podoshin, L.; Rosenhouse, G. Affiliation: Technion--Israel Inst of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Dept of Otolaryngology, Bnai Zion Medical Ctr, Haifa, Israel. Title: Multi-channel cochlear prosthesis adapted to Hebrew: A case study. Source: Speech Communication, 1994 Jun, v14 (n3):263-277. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Language. Deaf. Aged. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear prosthesis adapted to Hebrew, deaf Hebrew speaking 16-65 yr olds, Israel. Abstract: Investigated the speech comprehension of 4 deaf Hebrew-speaking patients (aged 16-65 yrs) implanted with the Nucleus 22-channels (N-22) system, a cochlear prosthesis. Speech tests (isolated vowels, bisyllabic words, and fluent speech in closed and open sets) were conducted using the default frequency boundaries of the cochlear implant's speech processor, which were assumed to be based on English. Modified frequency boundaries (MFBs) were then established by altering the frequency-to-electrode mapping (FEM), taking into account the formant patterns of the modern Hebrew vowels and the number of active electrodes implanted. Retests with the MFBs and the same speech material resulted in improved comprehension of some speech elements. Results suggest that better speech comprehension by implanted patients can be achieved in part by adjusting the FEM of the N-22 speech processor on a language basis. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 36. Author: Stephan, Kurt; Welzl-Muller, Kunigunde. Affiliation: Universitats-Klinik fur Hor-, Stimm-und Sprachstorungen, Innsbruck, Austria. Title: Effect of stimulus duration on stapedius reflex threshold in electrical stimulation via cochlear implant. Source: Audiology, 1994 May-Jun, v33 (n3):143-151. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stimulus Duration. Acoustic Reflex. Thresholds. Electrical Stimulation. Cochlear Implants. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Stimulus duration, stapedius reflex threshold in electrical stimulation via cochlear implant, hearing impaired patients. Abstract: Investigated the effect of stimulus duration on the threshold of the contralateral stapedius reflex in 9 patients supplied with a Vienna cochlear implant and in 19 normal-hearing Subjects in the case of acoustic stimulation. Changes in reflex threshold were determined at 4 frequencies and for 5 durations. For both stimulation modes a strong effect of stimulus duration on reflex threshold was observed. The amount of temporal integration reflected by the threshold difference between 500 and 50 msec was approximately 2-4 dB for electrical stimulation via cochlear implant and 6 dB for acoustic stimulation in normal-hearing Subjects. In the case of electrostimulation, the reflex threshold for stimuli of 30 msec was most often above the limit of uncomfortable loudness sensation; the increase in reflex threshold for acoustic stimulation between 500 and 30 msec was approximately 14 dB. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 37. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Michael; Smith, Luther; Parkin, James L. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: The pitch of electrically presented sinusoids. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1994 Mar, v95 (n3):1677-1678. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pitch (Frequency). Auditory Perception. Cochlear Implants. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Perceived pitch of electrically presented sinusoids, male 69 yr old with multichannel cochlear implant. Abstract: Assessed the pitch of electrical stimulation in a 69-yr-old Subject with an Ineraid electrode array in the right cochlea. The Subject was asked to match the pitch of signals in the nonimplanted ear to the pitch of signals in the implanted ear; hearing thresholds in the nonimplanted ear were less than 50 dB for frequencies under 500 Hz. When signal was presented to E1 (the most apical electrode), the Subject's mean pitch match was 135 Hz to the 125-Hz acoustic stimulus, 228 Hz to the 200-Hz stimulus, 347 Hz to the 300-Hz stimulus, and 390 Hz to the 400-Hz stimulus. When the target signals were presented to E2-E4 (more basal locations), pitch matches increased in frequency. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 38. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Herzog, Hans. Affiliation: Research Ctr Julich, Inst of Medicine, Julich, Germany. Title: Cortical activation by auditory stimulation studied with positron emission tomography. Source: IN: Functional neuroimaging: Technical foundations.; Robert W. Thatcher, Mark Hallett, Thomas A. Zeffiro, E. Roy John, Michael Huerta, Eds. Academic Press, Inc, San Diego, CA, US, 1994. 59-67 of xx, 303 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tomography. Auditory Stimulation. Auditory Evoked Potentials. Hearing Disorders. Cerebral Cortex. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) (briefly describe) the central auditory pathways; review PET (positron emission tomography) examinations of cortical activation due to auditory stimulation; (mention the) main characteristics (of PET methods used in different studies)... studies in Subjects with normal hearing (activation by simple and complex stimuli); studies in patients with hearing deficits (unilaterally deaf patients, patients with cochlear implant); patients with other diseases. 39. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Witt, Shelley; Schum, Lorianne; Sobaski, Cheryl. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosp, US. Title: Communication breakdowns: Partner contingencies and partner reactions. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1994, v27:107-133. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Conversation. Strategies. Cochlear Implants. Familiarity. Dyads. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Reactions to communication breakdowns & use of verbal repair strategies, 21-74 yr old cochlear implant users & familiar vs unfamiliar conversational partner dyads. Abstract: In 3 experiments, adult cochlear-implant users participated in structured communication interactions with familiar and unfamiliar conversational partners while being videotaped. The videotapes were rated by normal hearing listeners to assess their reactions to communication breakdowns and the use of verbal repair strategies. A total of 36 adults (aged 21-74 yrs) participated in the experiments. Subjects were found to be most likely to use specific repair strategies regardless of whether the conversational partner was familiar. Reactions to the cochlear-implant users are influenced by their use of nonspecific repair strategies (the higher the use, the less favorable the reaction) and their number of words (the fewer the words, the less favorable the reaction). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 40. Author: Muchnik, Chava; Taitelbaum, Rivka; Tene, Sara; Hildesheimer, Minka. Affiliation: Chaim Sheba Medical Ctr, Dept of Communications Disorders, Speech, Language & Hearing, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Title: Auditory temporal resolution and open speech recognition in cochlear implant recipients. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1994, v23 (n2):105-109. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Thresholds. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Open speech recognition ability & gap detection thresholds for short duration acoustic stimulation, deaf 13-63 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Studied Subjects with cochlear implants (CIs) to determine the relationship between open speech recognition ability (OSRA) and the gap detection threshold (GDT) for acoustic stimulation with very short duration times. Subjects were 14 deaf adults (aged 13-63 yrs) using the Nucleus multichannel implant with a wearable speech processor. OSRA was evaluated by the Hebrew version of 3 auditory capabilities tests (E. Owens et al, 1981). GDT was measured by a pair of noise bursts of 85, 65, 52, 36, 25, and 10 msec, with varying gaps between bursts. Results indicate that Subjects with CIs who achieve OSRA without lipreading have the best gap detection ability. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 41. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Kelsay, Danielle M. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinic, Iowa City, US. Title: A communication training program for parents of cochlear implant users. Source: Volta Review, 1993 Winter, v95 (n1):21-31. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Prostheses. Communication Skills Training. Parent Training. Children. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Communication training program, parents of children with cochlear implants. Abstract: Describes a communication training program for parents of new cochlear implant users. The program consists of 5 components: (1) an introduction to cochlear implant use, (2) an assessment of parents' communication behaviors, (3) a parent seminar, (4) a home-training program, and (5) a parent library. The Communication Index for Parents is used for assessing parents' communication behaviors. Speech and listening diaries, completed by parents at regular intervals, provide information to guide counseling. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 42. Author: Alpin, D. Yvonne. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester School of Education, Ctr for Audiology, Education of the Deaf, & Speech Pathology, England. Title: Psychological evaluation of adults in a cochlear implant program. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1993 Dec, v138 (n5):415-419. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Psychodiagnosis. Deaf. Deaf Blind. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Psychological assessment, adult cochlear implant patients, England. Abstract: Discusses the psychological evaluation of cochlear implant patients, which has been neglected when compared to the number of reports on surgical and audiological aspects. Formal and informal psychological assessment are an integral part of the cochlear implant program at Manchester, UK, and contribute to team decisions about the suitability of patients for implantation. The psychologist also monitors the subsequent progress of recipients. The author describes the major reasons for carrying out psychological evaluations of prospective recipients and for monitoring their psychological status. The main assessment techniques used in the Manchester program are outlined. Group findings from the initial assessments of the 1st 40 cochlear implant patients (including 5 deaf-blind patients) are also reported. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 43. Author: van Hoesel, R. J. M.; Tong, Y. C.; Hollow, R. D.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Australian Bionic Ear & Hearing Research Inst, Human Communication Research Ctr, Vict, Australia. Title: Psychophysical and speech perception studies: A case report on a binaural cochlear implant subject. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Dec, v94 (n6):3178-3189. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrical Stimulation. Psychophysics. Speech Perception. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Stimulation. Stimulus Parameters. Stimulus Intervals. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Interaural time & amplitude & place of binaural electrical stimulation, psychophysical & speech perception in quiet vs noise, male patient with binaural cochlear implants, Australia. Abstract: Presents the results of 3 psychophysical and speech studies with an adult binaural cochlear implant patient. The authors sought to determine (1) whether and under what conditions information from electrical stimulation on 2 sides could be combined; (2) how percepts could be altered by varying interaural time, amplitude, and place of stimulation; and (3) whether binaural stimulation could be used to improve speech perception, particularly in noise. Fusion of percepts arising from simultaneous stimulation on the 2 sides was shown to be possible, as was lateralization on the basis of interaural amplitude differences. Perception of interaural time delays was very poor. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 44. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Blamey, Peter J.; Dooley, Gary J.; Alcantara, Joseph I.; Gerin, E. S.; and others. Affiliation: Cooperative Research Ctr for Bionic Ear, Speech & Hearing Research, Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Formant-based processing for hearing aids. Fourth International Conference in Speech Science and Technology (SST-92) (1992, Brisbane, Australia). Source: Speech Communication, 1993 Dec, v13 (n3-4):453-461. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Aids. Cochlear Implants. Speech Perception. Deaf. Partially Hearing Impaired. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Aged. Pitch (Frequency). Adulthood. Auditory Stimulation. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Formant based processor with vs without cochlear implant, speech perception with vs without background noise, 36-75 yr olds with postlinguistically profound hearing impairment, conference presentation. Abstract: Investigated the effectiveness of the frequency response tailoring and the peak sharpening processing modes of the formant-based (FB) processor in conjunction with a cochlear implant and as an independent hearing aid. Subjects were 5 postlinguistically deafened implant users (aged 36-75 yrs) including 4 Subjects with a severe hearing loss in the unimplanted ear and one Subject with a profound hearing loss (PHL) in the unimplanted ear (Exp 1), a postlinguistically deafened adult with a PHL (Exp 2), and 4 adults with normal hearing levels (Exp 3). Initial evaluations of the peak sharpening mode produced small improvements in speech perception for all Subjects. Subjects in Exp 1 scored 7% higher on average, the Subject in Exp 2 scored ll% higher, and Subjects in Exp 3 showed a mean improvement of 19% in the perception of vowels. Results suggest modest improvements in quiet and in noise when FB processing for hearing aid is used. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 45. Author: Ponton, Curtis W.; Don, Manuel; Waring, Michael D.; Eggermont, Jos J.; and others. Affiliation: House Ear Inst, Electrophysiology Lab, Los Angeles, CA, US. Title: Spatio-temporal source modeling of evoked potentials to acoustic and cochlear implant stimulation. Source: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials, 1993 Nov-Dec, v88 (n6):478-493. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Evoked Potentials. Auditory Stimulation. Cochlear Implants. Auditory Cortex. Electrical Activity. Models. Aurally Handicapped. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Acoustic or cochlear implant stimulation, loci of EPs in auditory cortex, normal hearing 24-34 vs 8-56 yr olds with cochlear implants, application of spatiotemporal source model. Abstract: Used spatio-temporal source modeling (STSM) to estimate the loci and characteristics of cortical activity evoked by acoustic stimulation in 9 normal hearing Subjects (aged 24-34) and by electrical stimulation in 5 cochlear implant (CI) Subjects (aged 8, 11, 52, 56, and 56 yrs). In both groups of Subjects, sources of cortical activity had similar locations in the auditory cortex. STSM also may have distinguished between non-auditory and auditory implant-evoked responses. Subjects whose CIs provided auditory sensations and Subjects with normal hearing had similar source activity, while an Subject whose implant activation evoked eyelid movements exhibited different source wave forms. Findings indicated that STSM may be useful for objective evaluation of cochleotopic activation of auditory cortex in multi-channel implant users. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 46. Author: Carney, Arlene E.; Osberger, Mary J.; Carney, Edward; Robbins, Amy M.; and others. Affiliation: Boys Town National Research Hosp, Omaha, NE, US. Title: A comparison of speech discrimination with cochlear implants and tactile aids. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Oct, v94 (n4):2036-2049. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Prostheses. Speech Characteristics. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech contrast, discrimination of suprasegmental & segmental speech, profoundly hearing impaired children with single vs multichannel cochlear implant vs vibrotactile aid. Abstract: Compared the overall speech discrimination abilities of 48 profoundly hearing-impaired with different sensory aids (single- and multichannel cochlear implants and 2-channel vibrotactile aid). Also examined were (1) the discrimination ability within and among device groups for 9 suprasegmental and segmental speech contrasts and (2) the effects of individual Subject performance for different sensory aids and for different speech contrasts. Subjects performed a change-no change task to detect changes in the repetition of a consonant-vowel syllable. Complex patterns of speech cues appeared to be available to all 3 Subject groups; however, there were differences in discrimination performance for different devices, for different speech contrasts, and for individual Subjects. All Subject groups performed well on short-long contrast and significantly poorer on voicing contrasts. Multichannel implants enabled better performance on male-female contrasts. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 47. Author: Kampfe, Charlene M.; Harrison, Melody; Oettinger, Tambry; Ludington, Jane; and others. Affiliation: U Arizona, Tucson, US. Title: Parental expectations as a factor in evaluating children for the multichannel cochlear implant. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1993 Jul, v138 (n3):297-303. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Expectations. Parents. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Expectations & evaluation of multichannel cochlear implant, parents of deaf children. Abstract: Discusses issues surrounding parental expectations of the cochlear implant (CLI), a new assistive device for profoundly deaf children. It is argued that because parental expectations are sometimes unreasonably high, CLI teams need to be aware of the dynamics involved in expectations and of ways to help parents come to a realistic understanding of the benefits and limitations of implants. Parents' expectations may be broadened by introducing them to parents of children who have implants; showing them videotapes of, or allowing them to observe, the speech and language skills of children with CLIs; and providing them with objective information about outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 48. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: The perception of temporal modulations by cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Jul, v94 (n1):124-131. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Thresholds. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Aged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Auditory thresholds & sensitivity to temporal modulations, deaf 19-70 yr olds with cochlear implants. Abstract: Assessed the sensitivity of 7 cochlear implant patients (aged 19-70 yrs) to temporal modulations and examined whether the performance of the 3 Subjects who were deafened prior to full development of auditory and speech skills was similar to that of the 4 postlingually deafened (PLD) Subjects. Exp 1 measured detection thresholds for modulated pulse duration (MPD) for a series of modulation frequencies at 4 rates of stimulation. Exp 2 compared detection thresholds for MPD for 3 reference durations. Exp 3 measured limens for modulation depth discrimination. The performance of the PLD Subjects was generally better than that of the 3 Subjects who became deaf in early childhood. Findings suggest that perceptual skills for processing amplitude variation are independent of the degree of hearing impairment and the method (acoustical vs electrical) of stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 49. Author: Hirsch, H. G. Affiliation: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technishe Hochschule Aachen, Inst fur Nachrichtengerate und Datenverarbeitung, Germany. Title: Intelligibility improvement of noisy speech for people with cochlear implants. Special Issue: Speech processing in adverse conditions. Source: Speech Communication, 1993 Jul, v12 (n3):261-266. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Auditory Stimulation. Speech Perception. Deaf. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Auditory Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Preprocessing single channel noise suppression techniques, speech intelligibility, deaf Subjects with cochlear implants. Abstract: Because of the limited number of electrodes in a cochlear implant and the simple speech analysis technique, deaf people have problems understanding speech under noisy or reverberating conditions. The degradation of speech intelligibility is much more severe for deaf than for normal binaural hearing people. In a 1st approach additive, researchers examined nearly stationary noise using a noise suppression algorithm for preprocessing; intelligibility experiments were carried out with 7 deaf Subjects. Best results for improving the intelligibility of noisy speech for people with cochlear implants were achieved using a modified spectral subtraction technique. Findings show it is more effective to leave a small amount of background noise than to eliminate noise altogether. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 50. Author: Tye-Murray, Nancy; Kirk, Karen Iler. Affiliation: U Iowa, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Vowel and diphthong production by young users of cochlear implants and the relationship between the phonetic level evaluation and spontaneous speech. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1993 Jun, v36 (n3):488-502. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Pronunciation. Phonetics. Deaf. Cochlear Implants. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Vowel & diphthong production during spontaneous speech & performance on Phonetic Level Evaluation, prelingually deaf preschool & school age children with cochlear implants. Abstract: Assessed how the vowel and diphthong production of young users of cochlear implants varied over time and how performance on the Phonetic Level Evaluation (PLE) corresponded with vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speech. Eight children with prelingual deafness were tested with the PLE on 5 occasions; before receiving a Cochlear Corporation Nucleus cochlear implant and at 5 points afterward. Ages at implantation ranged from 3 yrs 11 mo to 7 yrs 5 mo. The correlations between the PLE and the spontaneous speech measures were weak, suggesting that performance on the PLE has low predictive value for vowel and diphthong production during spontaneous speaking. The results from the spontaneous speech samples collected over time suggest that 2 changes occurred: (1) vowel and diphthong production became more diverse and (2) production became more accurate. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 51. DISSERTATION Author: Grey, Polly Shipp. Affiliation: U Florida, US. Title: The effect of DAF on speech production of post-lingual cochlear implant users. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1993 Apr, v53 (n10-B):5136. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Delayed Auditory Feedback. Deaf. Oral Communication. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Simultaneous vs delayed auditory feedback, speech production, 31-61 yr old postlingually deaf cochlear implant users. 52. Author: Lane, Harlan. Affiliation: Northeastern U, Boston, MA, US. Title: Vue historique de la medicalisation de la surdite de culture. (Historical view of the medicalization of deaf children.). Source: Psychanalystes, 1993 Spring-Summer (n46-47):173-187. References. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Minority Groups. Labeling. Sensory Handicaps (Attit Toward). Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Medicalization of deafness vs recognition as cultural minority, deaf children, US. Abstract: Deplores the misconception of deafness in the US where being deaf is represented as an infirmity so serious as to justify still-experimental cochlear-implant surgery in very young children. The medicalization of deafness, a minority culture with its own language (American Sign Language) and a rich artistic and literary history, is the result of ignorance on the part of the hearing majority, and of political expediency by the audiologistic establishment. Deaf people do not need medical treatment, nor surgery, nor "special education," only the recognition accorded to other cultural minorities. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 53. Author: Osberger, Mary J.; Maso, Monica; Sam, Leslie K. Affiliation: Indiana U School of Medicine, DeVault Otologic Research Lab, Indianapolis, US. Title: Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants, tactile aids, or hearing aids. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1993 Feb, v36 (n1):186-203. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tactual Displays. Deaf. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Speech Characteristics. Prostheses. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Onset (Disorders). Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Cochlear implants vs tactile vs hearing aids, speech intelligibility, children with early vs late onset deafness. Abstract: Speech intelligibility was measured in 31 children who used the 3M/House single-channel implant, the Nucleus 22-Channel Cochlear Implant System, or the Tactaid II+ 2-channel vibrotactile aid. Subjects were divided into subgroups based on age at onset of deafness (early or late). Speech intelligibility of the experimental Subjects was compared to that of 14 children who were profoundly hearing impaired who used conventional hearing aids or no sensory aid. Subjects with early onset of deafness who received their single- or multichannel cochlear implant before age 10 yrs demonstrated the highest speech intelligibility, whereas Subjects who did not receive their device until after age 10 had the poorest speech intelligibility. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 54. Author: Busby, P. A.; Tong, Y. C.; Clark, G. M. Affiliation: U Melbourne, Vict, Australia. Title: Electrode position, repetition rate, and speech perception by early- and late-deafened cochlear implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1993 Feb, v93 (n2):1058-1067. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Speech Perception. Age Differences. Deaf. Prostheses. Auditory Discrimination. Onset (Disorders). School Age Children. Aged. Psychophysics. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Electrode position & repetition rate, psychophysical discrimination of symmetric trajectory pairs & speech perception, early vs late deafened cochlear implant patients. Abstract: Examined the discrimination of symmetric trajectory pairs with time-varying electrode positions and repetition rates by 4 early-deafened and 4 late-deafened patients, all of whom were using the Cochlear Pty Ltd. prosthesis. The speech perception performance of the 8 Subjects was measured with 2 speech coding strategies: multi-electrode and single electrode. The psychophysical data indicated that some early-deafened Subjects were less successful than the late-deafened Subjects in discriminating electrode position trajectories. Variability in performance among the 4 early-deafened Subjects in psychophysical and speech perception studies requiring the perception of electrode position appeared to be related to age at the onset of profound hearing impairment and the duration of deafness before implantation. Subjects showed considerable consistency in psychophysical and speech perception performance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 55. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Dillier, Norbert; Bogli, Hans; Spillmann, Thomas. Affiliation: University Hosp, Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Zurich, Switzerland. Title: Speech discrimination via cochlear implants with two different digital speech processing strategies: Preliminary results for 7 patients. Hearing Impairment and Signal-Processing Hearing Aids Workshop II (1991, London, England). Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1993, v22 (nSuppl 38):145-153. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlear Implants. Speech Processing (Mechanical). Partially Hearing Impaired. Speech Perception. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Cochlear implant with pitch excited vs continuous interleaved digital speech processing strategy, vowel & consonant identification, cochlear implant users, conference presentation. Abstract: Used 2 processing approaches in the laboratory system of a cochlear implant digital speech processor for the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear prosthesis. The 1st approach, pitch excited sampler, was based on the classical channel vocoder concept. The 2nd approach, continuous interleaved sampler, used a stimulation pulse rate independent of the input signal. Evaluation experiments with 7 experienced cochlear implant users showed significantly better performance in consonant identification tests with the new processing strategies than with the Subjects' own wearable speech processors, whereas improvements in vowel identification tasks were rarely observed. Optimization and fine-tuning of processing parameters for these coding strategies require more data both from speech identification and discrimination as well as psychophysical experiments. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 56. Author: Lynch, Abbyann. Affiliation: Hosp for Sick Children, Bioethics Dept, Toronto, ON, Canada. Title: Paediatric cochlear implantation: A challenging ethical dilemma. Special Issue: Viewpoints on ethical practice. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Dec, v16 (n4):313-324. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Professional Ethics. Prostheses. Cochlea. Children. Population terms: Human. Child. General terms: Experimentation. Key phrase: Ethical issues in research & therapeutic use of pediatric cochlear implantation, children. Abstract: Contends that the development and initial use of the pediatric cochlear implant have introduced a number of medical, scientific, and technological challenges. Response to such challenges requires recognition in concept as well as in practice that the activity in question is truly multidisciplinary and that the activity is truly therapy-being-researched. Even though there is acceptance of the device and the implantation surgery, as long as the needed ancillary services are still in the process of research and until there is professional acceptance of some recognized criteria in these areas, the procedure as a whole must be seen as a kind of research, and thus subject to certain research ethics requirements. In the case of children, these include concern for consent, harm/benefit ratio, fairness and confidentiality, and the best interests of the child. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 57. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Moore, Brian C. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Consonant recognition by some of the better cochlear-implant patients. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Dec, v92 (n6):3068-3077. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Consonants. Speech Perception. Language. Medical Therapeutic Devices. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Consonant recognition, native speakers of English vs German vs French with cochlear implants, US & Europe. Abstract: Two experiments using nonsense-syllable tests evaluated the consonant recognition skills of 54 US and European patients with different types of cochlear implants. In Exp 1, a test was developed to determine consonant recognition with an accent that was appropriate for each Subject's particular language (i.e., French, German, English). In Exp 2, a test was designed to compare performance among Subjects who speak these different native languages, using identical test stimuli. At least 3 features were used by the Subjects: (1) some amplitude/temporal envelope cues, present in the nasal, voicing, and duration feature; (2) frication, the presence of higher frequency aperiodic noise; and (3) place information, association with spectral differences. The place feature was transmitted poorly by all types of implants, whether single- or multichannel. Data suggest that implant processing designs could benefit from enhancing all speech features. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 58. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luther; Smith, Michael; Parkin, James. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: The coding of vowel identity by patients who use the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Dec, v92 (n6):3428-3431. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Speech Perception. Vowels. Prostheses. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Time waveform in vs distribution of energy among electrode channels, coding of formant frequency in vowel recognition, patients with Ineraid cochlear implant, letter. Abstract: Assessed how 6 patients using the 4-channel Ineraid cochlear implant coded formant frequency in the service of vowel recognition. The goal was to determine whether Subjects would identify vowels on the basis of time waveforms in the channels or on the basis of the distribution of energy among the channels. Stimuli were 3 steady-state vowels. Four computer-controlled digital attenuators were inserted in the circuit between the Ineraid processor and the Subject to create signals with conflicting cues to vowel identity. When the amplitude profile of 1 vowel was changed to that of a 2nd vowel and the temporal cues were left unchanged, Subjects generally reported the 2nd vowel. Data suggest that temporal factors play little role in the coding of vowel formant frequencies and that the pattern of energy along the electrically stimulated cochlea is the principle cue to vowel identity. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 59. Author: Dorman, Michael F.; Smith, Luke M.; Dankowski, Korine; McCandless, Geary; and others. Affiliation: Arizona State U, Tempe, US. Title: Long-term measures of electrode impedance and auditory thresholds for the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Oct, v35 (n5):1126-1130. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electrodes. Prostheses. Aurally Handicapped. Auditory Thresholds. Cochlea. Electrical Stimulation. Adulthood. Longitudinal Studies. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Impedance of current carrying vs non-current-carrying electrodes & auditory detection thresholds for electrical stimuli, patients with Ineraid cochlear prosthesis, 3 yr study. Abstract: Measures of electrode impedance and detection thresholds for electrical stimuli were extracted from the records of 19 patients implanted with the Ineraid cochlear prosthesis. An analysis of impedance measures, obtained 1, 12, 24, and 36 mo after surgery, demonstrated (1) significant decreases in impedance over the 1st yr for electrodes that carried current and (2) significant increases in impedance at 24 and 36 mo for electrodes that did not carry current. An analysis of detection thresholds, obtained at the same times as the impedance measures, demonstrated that averaged thresholds for the current-carrying electrodes varied no more than 0.5 db over the 3-yr period. Results support the conclusion that stimulation with the Ineraid device does not produce deleterious changes in electrodes or target neural tissue. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 60. Author: Rabinowitz, W. M.; Eddington, D. K.; Delhorne, L. A.; Cuneo, P. A. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, US. Title: Relations among different measures of speech reception in subjects using a cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Oct, v92 (n4, Pt 1):1869-1881. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cochlea. Speech Perception. Deaf. Prostheses. Word Recognition. Aged. Very Old. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Isolated vs in sentence word vs speech segment recognition in measurement of speech reception, postlingually deafened 30-87 yr olds with multichannel cochlear implants. Abstract: Explored quantitative relations among measures of speech reception (SPR) in 23 postlingually deafened individuals (aged 30-87 yrs) who were implanted with a multichannel cochlear prosthesis. SPR was assessed by repeated administration of measures of isolated word recognition, word recognition in sentences, and speech segment recognition. When applied to the broad range of SPR abilities exhibited among these Subjects, high correlations existed among direct and estimated measures of word and phoneme recognition. This finding indicates that the choice of measure for studying SPR in implantees is of minor importance. Studies concerning limited auditory and tactual presentation of speech are discussed, and the relation between consonant identification and word recognition is exploited to interpret and predict SPR performance with a variety of auditory prostheses. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 61. Author: Van Tasell, Dianne J.; Greenfield, Donna G.; Logemann, Joelle J.; Nelson, David A. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Minneapolis, US. Title: Temporal cues for consonant recognition: Training, talker generalization, and use in evaluation of cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1247-1257. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Characteristics. Practice. Speech Perception. Consonants. Hearing Aids. Temporal Frequency. Aged. Hearing Disorders. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Temporal characteristics of speech & practice & number of talkers, consonant recognition, normal hearing adults vs 44-65 yr olds with cochlear implants, comparison with other data. Abstract: Two experiments with 24 normal-hearing adults were undertaken to define the range of consonant recognition performance that might be expected from Subjects listening to a speech that contained only temporal information. The effects of practice with 1 talker and with additional talkers were assessed. Results were compared with consonant-recognition data for users of cochlear implant devices. There was consonant information at envelope bandwidths of 150-200 Hz. The effects of 1 talker vs 6 talkers were minimal. However, when multiple talkers' utterances are included in the stimulus set, very little consonant could be extracted from the temporal characteristics of that stimulus set. Variance among Subjects was large and did not diminish with practice. Strictly valid comparisons with cochlear implant users could not be made due to differences in training conditions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 62. Author: Tartter, Vivien C.; Hellman, Sharon A.; Chute, Patricia M. Affiliation: City U New York, City Coll, US. Title: Vowel perception strategies of normal-hearing subjects and patients using Nucleus multichannel and 3M/House cochlear implants. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1269-1283. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Auditory Discrimination. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Cochlea. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Vowel perception strategies, deaf school age children to adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Investigated vowel identification and confusion in 3 single-electrode and 4 multichannel cochlear implant users. Analyses focused on duration and on frequency manipulation for fundamental, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd formants for real and synthetic versions of the same vowels. Six undergraduates served as controls. Normal-hearing Subjects were highly accurate with synthetic and real speech, confusing only 1 pair of similar vowels. Normal-hearing Subjects did maintain a modal response of (i) in the absence of the characteristic high 2nd formant for a synthesized (i). Implant users did use spectral information provided by the 1st and 2nd formants, resulting in 10-35% performance by single-electrode users and 30-40% performance in multichannel users. The 2 groups of implant users differed in the effects of manipulating vowel duration. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 63. Author: Svirsky, Mario A.; Lane, Harlan; Perkell, Joseph S.; Wozniak, Jane. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology, Research Lab of Electronics, Cambridge, US. Title: Effects of short-term auditory deprivation on speech production in adult cochlear implant users. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1284-1300. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Hearing Aids. Deprivation. Oral Communication. Deaf. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Short term auditory deprivation, speech production, deaf adults with cochlear implants. Abstract: Studied the temporal relations between control of speech production parameters and access to auditory information in 3 postlingually deafened users of cochlear implants. Segmental and breathing parameter measures were taken during a 24-hr period of auditory deprivation and after resumed use of the speech processor. Abnormal parameter measures resulted during the deprivation period, but afterwards many parameters changed back in the direction of normalcy for all Subjects. Results suggest that auditory feedback is involved in the long-term calibration of articulatory parameters and in short-term fine tuning. In the absence of auditory feedback Subjects may use nonauditory afferent information and/or overlearned articulatory routines. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 64. Author: Economou, Alexandra; Tartter, Vivien C.; Chute, Patricia M.; Hellman, Sharon A. Affiliation: City U New York, City Coll, US. Title: Speech changes following reimplantation from a single-channel to a multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992 Sep, v92 (n3):1310-1323. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Auditory Perception. Cochlea. Hearing Aids. Preadolescents. Articulation (Speech). Electrical Stimulation. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech & acoustic changes in suprasegmental & segmental production following reimplantation from single to multichannel cochlear implant, deaf preadolescent female who lost her hearing at age 6.5 yrs. Abstract: Assessed acoustic changes in suprasegmental and segmental production in a preteenage girl who had lost her hearing at age 6.5 yrs due to meningitis. Subject had received a 3M/House single-channel cochlear implant 1.5 yrs later. There was a period when the implant failed and auditory feedback was lost. Comparisons made after auditory feedback was restored suggested a long-term positive effect from implantation. Factors may involve the particular device as well as the age of onset and duration of deafness. Duration-based speech parameters were not affected. Three listeners judged the 3M/House implant to be superior to a multichannel Nucleus implant. However, after 1 yr of Nucleus use, improvement was noted in appropriate contrastive stress, expanded vowel space, cutback in 1st formant for voicelessness, and greater selectivity in the frication spectrum for (s), among other things. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 65. Author: Fryauf-Bertschy, Holly; Tyler, Richard S.; Kelsay, Danielle M.; Gantz, Bruce J. Affiliation: U Iowa, Iowa City, US. Title: Performance over time of congenitally deaf and postlingually deafened children using a multichannel cochlear implant. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Aug, v35 (n4):913-920. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hearing Aids. Speech Perception. Deaf. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Multichannel cochlear implant, speech perception, congenitally vs postlingually deaf 3-15 yr olds. Abstract: Compared the speech perception performance of 10 congenitally deaf (CD) and 3 postlingually deafened (PLD) children who received a multichannel cochlear implant when they were 3-15 yrs old. Subjects were tested preimplant and at 6-mo intervals up to 2 yrs using the Monosyllable-Trochee-Spondee test, the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test, and 2 word lists. PLD Subjects exhibited significantly improved performance on open- and closed-set tests of word recognition after 6 mo of implant use. In contrast, CD Subjects did not exhibit measurably improved performance on speech perception tests until after 12 mo or more of implant use. With as much as 18-24 mo of use, some CD Subjects demonstrated limited open-set word recognition. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 66. Author: Tyler, Richard S.; Preece, John P.; Lansing, Charissa R.; Gantz, Bruce J. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps, Dept of Otolaryngology, Iowa City, US. Title: Natural vowel perception by patients with the Ineraid cochlear implant. Source: Audiology, 1992 Jul-Aug, v31 (n4):228-239. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Vowels. Speech Perception. Deaf. Hearing Aids. Speech Pitch. Stimulus Duration. Cochlea. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Natural vowel perception & transmission of formant & fundamental frequency & vowel duration, deaf 21-59 yr olds with Ineraid cochlear implant. Abstract: Vowel recognition was tested in 10 patients (aged 21-59 yrs) using the Ineraid cochlear implant. Nine vowel sounds were recorded by a male speaker. Performance varied from 34 to 93% correct. A descriptive feature system for the vowels was determined from an acoustic analysis. An information transfer analysis of these features suggested that information about the 1st formant frequency, vowel duration, and fundamental frequency was transmitted. Information about the 2nd and 3rd formant frequency was transmitted less well. A sequential information transmission analysis suggested that the features of the 1st formant and duration accounted for nearly 80% of the information transmitted. The fundamental frequency and 2nd formant frequency information accounted for an additional 8%. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 67. Author: Gagne, Jean-Pierre. Affiliation: U Western Ontario, Elborn Coll Hearing Health Care Research Unit, London, Canada. Title: Ancillary aural rehabilitation services for adult cochlear implant recipients: A review and analysis of the literature. Special Issue: Cochlear implants. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Jun, v16 (n2):121-128. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Rehabilitation. Deaf. Cochlea. Prostheses. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Ancillary aurae rehabilitation programs, adult postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. Abstract: Summarizes the benefits of cochlear implants and analyzes ancillary aural rehabilitation (AR) programs provided to adult postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients (CIRs). The components of AR programs designed for adult CIRs are described, and studies that investigated the effectiveness of postimplant ancillary AR programs are reviewed. Benefits of cochlear implants include improved perception of speech stimuli and environmental sounds. Also, many CIRs experience postimplant improvements in their emotional, psychological, and psychosocial well-being. It is noted that ancillary AR services are an important component of cochlear implantation; these services include fitting and adjustment of the speech processing device, training in skills such as speech production, and providing informational or personal counseling. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 68. Author: Geers, Ann E.; Moog, Jean S. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO, US. Title: The Central Institute for the Deaf cochlear implant study: A progress report. Special Issue: Cochlear implants. Source: Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 1992 Jun, v16 (n2):129-140. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: C