Search request: F TW FACIAL EXPRESSION Search result: 204 citations in the PsycINFO database Display: 1-204 LONG ABS 1. Author: Moland, Michael; Whissell, Cynthia M. Affiliation: Laurentian U of Sudbury, ON, Canada. Title: Children's understanding of facial expression of emotion: III. Adults' categorical and dimensional responses to children's drawings. Source: Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1993 Aug, v77 (n1):11-15. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Emotions. Drawing. Children. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Recognition of emotions in children's drawings, adults. Abstract: 49 adult Subjects responded to 37 children's drawings of 6 emotions (happy, sad, angry, afraid, surprised, and disgusted) by naming the emotion depicted and by identifying the pleasantness and arousal status of each drawing. Analysis indicated that assignment to categories could be predicted on the basis of ratings of pleasantness and arousal (the 2 key dimensions of a bipolar affect space). Data support the contention that emotional responses should not be assessed solely on the basis of literal accuracy but should rather be described in terms of their location in affect space. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: Hauser, Marc D. Affiliation: Harvard U, Program in Neuroscience, Cambridge, MA, US. Title: Right hemisphere dominance for the production of facial expression in monkeys. Source: Science, 1993 Jul, v261 (n5120):475-477. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lateral Dominance. Facial Expressions. Monkeys. Population terms: Animal. Key phrase: Hemispheric asymmetries in production of facial expressions, rhesus monkeys. Abstract: Analyzed video recordings of free-ranging rhesus monkeys to assess hemispheric asymmetries in the production of facial expressions. Results reveal that in rhesus monkeys, as in humans, the left side of the face (right hemisphere of the brain) is dominant in emotional expression. Humans perceive rhesus chimeras created by pairing the left half of the face with its mirror-reversed duplicate as more expressive than chimeras created by right-right pairings. That the right hemisphere determines facial expression and the left hemisphere processes species-typical vocal signals suggests that human and nonhuman primates exhibit the same pattern of brain asymmetry for communication. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: Yamada, Hiroshi. Affiliation: Kawamura Junior Coll, Lab of Psychology, Tokyo, Japan. Title: Visual information for categorizing facial expression of emotions. Source: Applied Cognitive Psychology, 1993 Jun, v7 (n3):257-270. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Features. Facial Expressions. Emotions. Classification (Cognitive Process). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Movement of facial features, recognition of facial expression of emotions, college students, Japan. Abstract: Two experiments involving a total of 128 college students studied the recognition of facial expression of emotions through the movement of facial features and the relationships between those movements. In Exp 1, Subjects were asked to produce schematic faces expressing basic emotions using a computer graphics system. Factor analysis was applied to derive the structure of correlational displacements of 8 feature points. In Exp 2, Subjects were asked to judge basic emotional categories for the schematic expressions produced in the 1st experiment. The dimensions of the structural changes in the face correspond to the dimensions of affective semantic meanings, such that "slantedness," "curvedness/openness," and the 3rd canonical variable used as supplemental information correspond to "pleasantness," "activation" (or "attention"), and potentially "control," respectively. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 4. Author: Wallbott, Harald G.; Ricci-Bitti, Pio. Affiliation: U Giessen, Germany. Title: Decoders' processing of emotional facial expression: A top-down or bottom-up mechanism? Source: European Journal of Social Psychology, 1993 Jul-Aug, v23 (n4):427-443. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Cross Cultural Differences. Emotions. Italy. Germany. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Single vs combinations of facial muscle action movements, decoded emotional facial expression, college students, Germany vs Italy. Abstract: 20 German and 20 Italian student decoders judged emotions from photographs of facial expressions. Stimuli represented a selection of 22 photographs depicting both single muscular movements (action units) in an otherwise neutral face, and 59 combinations of 2, 3, or 4 action units. Results indicate that the meaning of action units changes often with context; only a few single action units transmit specific emotional meaning, which they retain when presented in context. Results are replicated to a large degree across decoder samples in both nations, implying fundamental mechanisms of emotion decoding. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Russell, James A. Affiliation: U British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Title: Forced-choice response format in the study of facial expression. Source: Motivation & Emotion, 1993 Mar, v17 (n1):41-51. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Forced Choice (Testing Method). Facial Expressions. Anger. Face Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Methodological problems with forced choice response scale format in judgment of facial expression of anger, adults. Abstract: Presents a methodological note on a potential problem with a forced-choice response scale in 3 studies of facial expressions of emotion. 480 randomly selected adults assigned to 1 of 6 conditions judged the feeling expressed in a photograph. A majority of Subjects categorized D. Matsumoto and P. Ekman's (1988) facial expression of anger as contempt when using one forced-choice format, as disgust with another, and as frustration with a 3rd. When shown the anger expression and given a choice among anger, frustration, and other labels, few Subjects selected anger. If contempt, disgust, and frustration are considered wrong answers, then forced choice can yield consensus on the wrong answer; if anger is the right answer, then forced choice can fail to yield consensus on the right answer. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. Author: Borod, Joan C. Affiliation: City U New York, Queens Coll, Flushing, US. Title: Cerebral mechanisms underlying facial, prosodic, and lexical emotional expression: A review of neuropsychological studies and methodological issues. Special Section: Neuropsychological perspectives on components of emotional processing. Source: Neuropsychology, 1993 Oct, v7 (n4):445-463. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lateral Dominance. Brain Damaged. Emotions. Facial Expressions. Verbal Communication. Prosody. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Hemispheric mechanisms of facial vs prosodic vs lexical emotional expression, patients with unilateral brain damage, research review. Abstract: Cortical contributions to human emotional expression are examined with a focus on interhemispheric (right vs left) and intrahemispheric (anterior vs posterior) mechanisms. This article reviews behavioral studies of emotional expression in brain-damaged patients with unilateral lesions and in normal adults. Studies involving facial, prosodic, and lexical (verbal) communication channels are reviewed for patients; facial asymmetry studies are reviewed for normal Subjects. Data are presented separately for posed and spontaneous conditions and for positive and negative emotions. Findings support right-hemisphere dominance for emotional expression, especially for prosodic and lexical expression in brain-damaged patients and for facial expression in normal Subjects. Methodological factors are suggested to account for differences among facial expressions studies in brain-damaged patients. The data are discussed in terms of neuropsychological theories of emotion and directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 7. Author: Borod, Joan C.; Koff, Elissa. Affiliation: City U New York, Queens Coll, Flushing, US. Title: Facial asymmetry during posed and spontaneous expression in stroke patients with unilateral lesions. Special Issue: Psychopharmacology, neuropsychology and psychiatry. Source: Pharmacopsychoecologia, 1991, v4 (n1-2):15-21. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lateral Dominance. Cerebrovascular Accidents. Facial Expressions. Brain Damaged. Emotional States. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial asymmetry during posed vs spontaneous expression of positive emotion, male stroke patients with unilateral right vs left hemisphere lesions. Abstract: Examined facial asymmetry during the posed and spontaneous expression of a positive emotion (a smile) in 12 male patients with unilateral right or 15 adult male patients with unilateral left hemisphere lesions. Subjects were videotaped while producing facial expressions spontaneously and on command. Right brain-damaged Subjects were significantly right-faced (more movement on the right side of the face), and left brain-damaged Subjects were significantly left-faced. There were no differences in asymmetry as a function of elicitation condition. The left brain-damaged group produced facial expressions with greater intensity than the right brain-damaged group. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 8. Author: Humphreys, Glyn W.; Donnelly, Nick; Riddoch, M. Jane. Affiliation: U Birmingham School of Psychology, Cognitive Science Research Ctr, England. Title: Expression is computed separately from facial identity, and it is computed separately for moving and static faces: Neuropsychological evidence. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1993 Feb, v31 (n2):173-181. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Emotional States. Cerebrovascular Accidents. Brain Damaged. Human Sex Differences. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Static vs moving facial images, identity & gender & emotional expression judgment, male 47 & 61 yr olds with cerebrovascular accident induced brain lesions. Abstract: Two male patients (aged 61 and 47 yrs) with face-processing impairments showed different patterns of performance on tasks requiring judgments of facial identity and of emotional expression to static and moving images. Three experiments with the Subjects investigated identity and gender judgments, emotional expression from static faces, and moving light-dot faces. One patient was markedly impaired at perceiving facial identity and poor at discriminating facial expression and gender from static photographs of faces. In contrast, he performed normally when required to make judgments of facial expression and gender to faces depicted by sets of moving light dots. The 2nd patient was relatively good at perceiving facial identity but poor at judging emotional expression from both static and moving faces. Data suggest the separate encoding of expression from moving and static images. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. Author: Ekman, Paul. Affiliation: U California, Human Interaction Lab, San Francisco, US. Title: Facial expression and emotion. Source: American Psychologist, 1993 Apr, v48 (n4):384-392. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cross Cultural Differences. Facial Expressions. Population terms: Human. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Cross cultural research on & measurement methods of facial expression of emotion. Abstract: Cross-cultural research on facial expression and the developments of methods to measure facial expression are briefly summarized. What has been learned about emotion from this work on the face is then elucidated. Four questions about facial expression and emotion are discussed: What information does an expression typically convey? Can there be emotion without facial expression? Can there be a facial expression of emotion without emotion? How do individuals differ in their facial expressions of emotion? (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 10. Author: Miura, Masaki. Affiliation: Kyoto U, Faculty of Education, Japan. Title: / Individual differences in the perception of facial expression: The relation to sex difference and cognitive mode. Source: Japanese Journal of Psychology, 1993 Feb, v63 (n6):409-413. References. Language: Japanese. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Human Sex Differences. Individual Differences. Face Perception. Cognitive Style. Facial Expressions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Sex & individual differences & cognitive mode, perception of facial emotions, college students, Japan. Abstract: Studied the relationship among perception of 6 types of basic facial emotions, sex difference, and cognitive mode. Subjects were 81 undergraduate students. A facial recognition task and an intensity rating task were administered. Slides depicting facial emotions (P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen, 1975) were shown. Cognitive mode was measured with the Cognitive Mode Questionnaire--Revised. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 11. Author: Mandal, Manas K.; Asthana, Hari S.; Tandon, Shiv C. Affiliation: Banaras Hindu U, Varanasi, India. Title: Judgment of facial expression of emotion in unilateral brain-damaged patients. Source: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1993 Mar-Apr, v8 (n2):171-183. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Emotional Content. Brain Damaged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Judgments of similarities & intensities of facial expressions of emotion, right handed male with right vs left brain damage, India. Abstract: 30 right-handed male Subjects, 10 with right brain damage, 10 with left brain damage, and 10 normal controls, made (1) inter-emotion judgments concerning photographs of 6 facial emotions in terms of mutual similarities and (2) intra-emotion judgments concerning hemifacial composite photographs of an emotion in terms of intensity of expression. Right brain-damaged patients could differentiate between the emotion of happiness and all other emotions. Left brain-damaged patients differentiated between positive-negative as well as aroused-nonaroused emotions. Normal controls differentiated between positive-negative and aroused-nonaroused emotions. Left-left facial composites were judged by all groups to have expressed emotions more intensely than right-right facial composites or normal/mirror-reversed facial orientations (except fear). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 12. Author: Berenbaum, Howard. Affiliation: U Illinois, Champaign, US. Title: Posed facial expression of emotion in schizophrenia and depression. Source: Psychological Medicine, 1992 Nov, v22 (n4):929-937. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Schizophrenia. Major Depression. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Depressive symptomatology, facial expression of emotion, adults with schizophrenia vs unipolar major depression. Abstract: Explored (1) whether 42 schizophrenic adults, 16 adults with unipolar major depression, and 20 normal adults differ in expressing different emotions and (2) whether the types of expressions they exhibit are associated with their level of reported depressive symptomatology. Subjects were asked to imagine (1) seeing, smelling, or tasting something disgusting and (2) having something wonderful happen to them. Depressives were less likely to show signs of happiness than the normals and were more likely to show signs of anger or contempt than both the normals and the schizophrenics. Among depressives, there was an association between severity of depressive symptomatology and the likelihood of expressing anger/contempt. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 13. Author: Oyama, Makiko. Affiliation: Hiroshima U, Faculty of Education, Japan. Title: / Face recognition in preschool children: Effects of familiarity, facial expression and angle of view. Source: Japanese Journal of Psychology, 1992 Oct, v63 (n4):248-255. References. Language: Japanese. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Familiarity. Visual Perception. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Facial expression & familiarity & viewing angle, face recognition, 5.3-6.6 yr olds, Japan. Abstract: Studied the effects on face recognition of (1) familiarity, facial expression, and viewing angle and (2) changes or no changes in facial expression and/or viewing angle occurring between the 1st presentation and the subsequent recognition test. Subjects were 188 Japanese preschool and school-age children (aged 5 yrs 4 mo to 6 yrs 7 mo). In Exp 1 and Exp 2, half of the faces were highly familiar to Subjects. In Exp 1, the facial expressions (smiling or serious) were changed or unchanged. In Exp 2, the facial expressions or viewing angles (full-face or 75% of the face) were changed or unchanged. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 14. Author: Kolb, Bryan; Wilson, Barbara; Taylor, Laughlin. Affiliation: U Lethbridge, AB, Canada. Title: Developmental changes in the recognition and comprehension of facial expression: Implications for frontal lobe function. Special Issue: The role of frontal lobe maturation in cognitive and social development. Source: Brain & Cognition, 1992 Sep, v20 (n1):74-84. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Frontal Lobe. Age Differences. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Perception & comprehension of facial expression, 6-15 vs 18-30 yr olds, implications for frontal lobe involvement. Abstract: Tested 170 children (aged 6-15 yrs) and 30 adults (aged 18-30 yrs) on perception and comprehension of facial expression. On the composite faces test, Subjects exhibited a preference for the left visual field composite, implying that all age groups were processing the faces in a similar manner. Results from 2 other tests show that there was an improvement in the perception of facial expression between the ages of 6 and 8 yrs, little change until about 13 yrs, and then a 2nd improvement to adult performance at about 14 yrs. Data suggest that the regions of the frontal lobe involved in the performance of these tasks may not be mature until about 14 yrs of age. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 15. Author: Gaebel, Wolfgang; Wolwer, Wolfgang. Affiliation: Free U of Berlin, Germany. Title: Facial expression and emotional face recognition in schizophrenia and depression. Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 1992 Sep, v242 (n1):46-52. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Acute Schizophrenia. Major Depression. Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Facial expressions & emotional face recognition, patients with acute schizophrenia vs major depression. Abstract: 23 people with acute schizophrenia (SCZ), 21 people with acute major depression (MD), and 15 healthy controls participated in a study on facial expression (FE) and emotional face recognition (EFR). Under clinical conditions, spontaneous FE was assessed according to the affective flattening section of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Under experimental laboratory conditions involuntary and voluntary FEs were recorded on videotape, from which a rater-based analysis of intensity or correctness of facial activity was obtained. EFR was also assessed under experimental conditions using the same stimulus material. Subjects were assessed twice (within 4 wks), controlling for change of the psychopathological status in the patient groups. In Subjects with SCZ, neuroleptic drug influence was controlled. Subjects with SCZ and Subjects with MD seem to be characterized by different quantitative, qualitative, and temporal patterns of affect-related dysfunctions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 16. Author: Schneider, F.; Koch, J.-D.; Mattes, R.; Heimann, H. Affiliation: U Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US. Title: Das Erkennen von Emotionen aus dem Gesichtsausdruck bei visuellen Halbfelddarbietungen durch schizophrene und depressive Patienten. (The recognition of emotion by schizophrenics and depressives from facial expression.). Source: Nervenarzt, 1992 Sep, v63 (n9):545-550. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Field. Facial Expressions. Schizophrenia. Major Depression. Visual Discrimination. Tachistoscopic Presentation. Emotional Content. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Tachistoscopic presentations to left &/vs right visual field, identification of positive & negative facial expressions, schizophrenic vs depressed patients. Abstract: 20 schizophrenics, 20 depressives, and 20 controls identified positive and negative emotional facial expressions tachistoscopically presented to left and/or right visual hemifields. Results replicated the frequently cited recognition advantage for emotional stimuli presented in the left visual hemifield. A decoding disadvantage was observed in both patient groups, which could be explained as an interhemispheric disconnection syndrome. Bilateral findings in particular tend to support this hypothesis, since both hemispheres processed contrary information simultaneously. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 17. DISSERTATION Author: Newton, Tamara L. Affiliation: Rutgers U, New Brunswick, NJ, US. Title: Facial expression and the cognitive and behavioral components of social support: Findings from a sample of men with AIDS. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1992 Aug, v53 (n2-B):1071. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Social Support Networks. Needs. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Emotional self presentation in facial expression & self reported perceived vs received social support & other's judgment of needed support, males with AIDS. 18. Author: Clark, Belinda M.; Siddle, David A.; Bond, Nigel W. Affiliation: Macquarie U, NSW, Australia. Title: Effects of social anxiety and facial expression on habituation of the electrodermal orienting response. Source: Biological Psychology, 1992 Jul, v33 (n2-3):211-223. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Social Anxiety. Electrical Stimulation. Galvanic Skin Response. Orienting Responses. Habituation. Threat. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expression & threat of shock, habituation of electrodermal orienting response, 17-32 yr olds with social anxiety. Abstract: Examined electrodermal orienting to happy and angry faces as a function of social anxiety and threat of shock. Social anxiety was measured with a questionnaire pretested on 569 undergraduates. Electrodermal activity was measured in 85 high or low socially anxious undergraduates during exposure to 10 presentations of an angry face intermixed with 10 presentations of a happy face. Threat of shock (no-shock, shock work-up only, and shock work-up plus threat) was also manipulated. Although trials-to-habituation did not differ between angry and happy facial expressions, skin conductance responses (SCRs) were larger to the angry face than to the happy face in both high and low socially anxious Subjects. No differences in SCR magnitude were found as a function of threat of shock. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 19. DISSERTATION Author: Philipps, Laurie C. Affiliation: U Iowa, US. Title: Social interaction and facial expression of emotion: A comparison of dysthymics, major depressives, and nondepressed individuals. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1992 Jun, v52 (n12-B, Pt 1):6668. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Dysthymic Disorder. Major Depression. Social Interaction. Facial Expressions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Social interaction & facial expression of emotion, adults with primary dysthymia vs major depression. 20. Author: Rubinow, David R.; Post, Robert M. Affiliation: NIMH Biological Psychiatry Branch, Section on Behavioral Endocrinology, Bethesda, MD, US. Title: Impaired recognition of affect in facial expression in depressed patients. Source: Biological Psychiatry, 1992 May, v31 (n9):947-953. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Written Communication. Emotional Content. Major Depression. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Recognition of affects in facial & verbal expressions, depressed outpatients. Abstract: Administered measures of recognition of 7 affects in facial and verbal expressions to 17 depressed patients and 31 controls. Depressed Subjects were significantly impaired in the recognition of affect in the facial, but not verbal, expressions. Among the 7 affects examined, depressed Subjects made significantly or near significantly fewer correct matches for sad, happy, and interested face items. The neurobiology of facial recognition is reviewed, and the relevance of the observed perceptual deficit in depressed patients to the pathophysiology and symptomatology of depression is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 21. Author: Kaplan, Peter S.; Fox, Karen B.; Huckeby, Elizabeth R. Affiliation: U Colorado, Denver, US. Title: Faces as reinforcers: Effects of pairing condition and facial expression. Source: Developmental Psychobiology, 1992 May, v25 (n4):299-312. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Stimulus Novelty. Eye Fixation. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Infants. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Forward pairing of auditory stimulus with facial expression, potentiation of visual fixation of novel pattern, 4 mo olds. Abstract: Tones were paired with an adult female face and subsequently tested for their ability to potentiate visual fixation when compounded with a checkerboard pattern. In Exp 1, 4-mo-old infants ( N = 48) who had been presented with 6 pairings of a 65-dB, 1000-Hz tone with a smiling face, later fixated a checkerboard pattern significantly more when it was compounded with the tone than when it was tested alone. In Exp 2 ( N = 60 4-mo-olds), facial expression was varied across groups and the effects on conditioning of a 65-dB tone that immediately preceded the face were studied. On test trials, greater fixation in the presence of the tone than in its absence was observed when a smiling or surprised but not a neutral expression was presented. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 22. DISSERTATION Author: Warren, Vicki J. Affiliation: Ohio State U, US. Title: Recognition of facial expression of emotion by persons with mental retardation and symptoms of depression. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1992 May, v52 (n11-B):6110. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Depression (Emotion). Facial Expressions. Trainable Mentally Retarded. Educable Mentally Retarded. Recognition (Learning). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Recognition of facial expression of emotion, mildly & moderately mentally retarded adults with vs without depressive symptoms. 23. Author: Hess, Ursula; Kappas, Arvid; McHugo, Gregory J.; Lanzetta, John T.; and others. Affiliation: U Geneva, Switzerland. Title: The facilitative effect of facial expression on the self-generation of emotion. Source: International Journal of Psychophysiology, 1992 May, v12 (n3):251-265. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Reaction Time. Physiological Correlates. Skin Resistance. Electromyography. Face (Anatomy). Heart Rate. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Facial expression, facilitation of self generation of emotions & associated facial EMG & skin conductance & heart rate & self report & RT, female college students. Abstract: Examined the monotonicity and the sufficiency versions of the facial feedback hypothesis (FFH) and tested for both autonomic reactions and self-reports of emotion. 28 female undergraduates completed 3 tasks: (1) feel 4 emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, peacefulness), (2) express these emotions without trying to feel them, and (3) feel and express these 4 emotions. Facial EMG and patterns of autonomic arousal differentiated among the 4 emotions within each task. Shorter self-generation latency in the Feel-and-Show vs the Feel condition indicated the facilitative effect of facial expression on the self-generation of emotion. Data support the sufficiency version of the FFH. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 24. Author: Wagner, Hugh L.; Smith, Jayne. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester, England. Title: Facial expression in the presence of friends and strangers. Source: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1991 Winter, v15 (n4):201-214. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Friendship. Facial Expressions. Stranger Reactions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Physical presence of friend vs stranger, interpretation of facial expressions of emotions, female college students, England. Abstract: Investigated the effect of the physical presence of a friend or of a stranger on facial expressiveness. 28 female university students, in pairs of friends or pairs of strangers, were videotaped while they viewed together a number of emotional stimulus slides, and rated their individual emotional responses to them. Judges subsequently attempted to identify from the videotapes the emotions reported by each sender S. Generally, expressions were more readily identified for women videotaped with friends than for those recorded with strangers. These results support the suggestion that the degree to which emotions are expressed depends on the role of an accompanying person. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 25. Author: Russell, James A. Affiliation: U British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Title: Negative results on a reported facial expression of contempt. Source: Motivation & Emotion, 1991 Dec, v15 (n4):281-291. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Professional Criticism. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Recognition of facial expression of contempt, adults, commentary. Abstract: P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen (see PA, Vol 74:27932) claimed to have discovered a facial expression, a unilateral lip curl, universally recognized as conveying contempt. Their conclusion was based on a series of labeling studies, all of which relied on 1 response measure: Subjects choosing 1 label from a small, preselected list. This article reports 2 studies on the question of whether their result can be replicated with other response measures. In 1 study, 160 adults were allowed to respond with any emotion label they wanted; in the 2nd, 64 adults were asked to make quantitative ratings on 6 emotion scales. Neither method suggested contempt as Subjects' interpretation of the unilateral lip curl. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 26. Author: Katsikitis, M.; Pilowsky, I. Affiliation: U Adelaide, SA, Australia. Title: A controlled quantitative study of facial expression in Parkinson's disease and depression. Source: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 1991 Nov, v179 (n11):683-688. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Smiles. Parkinsons Disease. Major Depression. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Smiling behavior assessed by microcomputer based model, patients with Parkinson's disease vs major depression, Australia. Abstract: A microcomputer-based approach to the quantification of facial expression was used to compare the smiling behavior of 21 Parkinson's disease sufferers, 20 patients with major depression, and 19 age-matched controls. Subjects were asked to view a series of amusing slides, and their expressions were recorded. The most animated smile for each Subject was chosen for analysis, and scores on 12 computer-generated measures were obtained. Depressed Subjects had higher scores on end-lip measure, mid-top lip measure, and mid-eyebrow measure. Subjects completed a depression questionnaire. Depressed Subjects had higher depression scores than the parkinsonian group, who in turn had significantly higher depression scores than the control group. Both the depressed and parkinsonian Subjects smiled less often during the slide session than controls. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 27. Author: Wallbott, Harald G. Affiliation: Justus-Liebig-U Giessen, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Recognition of emotion from facial expression via imitation? Some indirect evidence for an old theory. Source: British Journal of Social Psychology, 1991 Sep, v30 (n3):207-219. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Imitation (Learning). Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Face Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Imitation of target facial expression during affect judgment task, recognition & decoding of own & respective facial emotional expressions, college students. Abstract: Used P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen's (1976) Pictures of Facial Affect to conduct a study employing 20 Subjects. During the 1st part, Subjects had to judge the emotions expressed in the pictures of facial affect. During this task, Subjects were videotaped without their knowledge. About 2 wks later the same Subjects watched the video-recordings of their own expressions during the judgment task and had to judge which emotions they had decoded for the respective slides 2 wks previously. Results indicate that decoding of emotions from own facial expression and decoding of the respective emotions from pictures of facial affect correspond to a degree above chance. The degree of imitation and thus recognition rate of own-face judgments partly depended on the emotions expressed in the slides in the 1st place. The conclusion that imitation (T. Lipps, 1907) at least helped in decoding facial expression seems feasible. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 28. Author: Ricci-Bitti, P. E.; Caterina, R.; Garotti, P. L.; Giberti, E. Affiliation: U degli Studi, Bologna, Italy. Title: La reconnaissance de l'expression faciale des emotions: analyse des processus de decodification. (Recognition of facial expression of emotions: Analysis of the decodification process.). Source: Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 1991 Sep (n11):51-57. References. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Recognition (Learning). Human Information Storage. Emotional States. Facial Expressions. Social Perception. Linguistics. Visual Stimulation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Linguistic & visual factors, recognition & decoding of emotional facial expressions, college students, Italy. Abstract: Studied the effects of linguistic and visual factors on recognition and decoding of facial expressions. Human Subjects: 90 male and female Italian adults (mean age 20.7 yrs) (university students). Subjects were presented with a standardized set of photographs and asked to categorize them according to emotions using a set of verbal labels or a set of similar photographs. The results were evaluated according to type of labels, each Subject's sex, and emotion. Statistical tests were used. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 29. Author: Iezzi, Anthony; Adams, Henry E.; Bugg, Franlynn; Stokes, Garnett S. Affiliation: Victoria Hosp, Dept of Psychology, London, ON, Canada. Title: Facial expression of pain in muscle-contraction headache patients. Source: Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, 1991 Sep, v13 (n3):269-283. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pain Perception. Muscle Contraction Headache. Facial Expressions. Physiological Correlates. Reaction Time. Emotional States. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expressions & RT & physiological activity & self reported pain & mood during headache vs nonheadache state, 19-52 yr olds with muscle contraction headache. Abstract: 14 muscle-contraction headache (MCH) patients (aged 19-52 yrs) were videotaped in headache and nonheadache states. In addition, patients were required to undergo a resting physiological assessment and complete a reaction time (RT) task and self-report measures of pain state and mood. Headache and nonheadache state of MCH patients were reliably identified by 20 graduate student observers. Characteristics of facial expressions that occurred most frequently in the headache state included furrowed eyebrows, closed eyes, slow eyeblinks, lip pursing, facial grimacing, and flat facial affect. Headache state was also associated with increased latency to respond to an auditory tone and mood disturbances, but no differences in baseline physiological activity were observed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 30. Author: Profyt, Linda; Whissell, Cynthia. Affiliation: Laurentian U of Sudbury, ON, Canada. Title: Children's understanding of facial expression of emotion: I. Voluntary creation of emotion-faces. Source: Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1991 Aug, v73 (n1):199-202. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Creation & recognizability of emotional facial expressions, 4-6 yr olds. Abstract: Examined whether young children could intentionally make faces to communicate emotional information. 22 children (aged 4-6 yrs) from a day-care service were asked to make faces that would show the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, disgust, anger, and fear. Children decoded their own videotaped responses 1 wk later, and they also decoded the same expressions presented by a child whom they did not know. Groups of day-care teachers and university students were also employed in decoding the children's facial responses. Recognizability of all emotions by all decoders improved with the age of the child in a linear manner (9% gain per year). Happy and disgusted expressions were the most easily decoded. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 31. Author: Wallbott, Harald G.; Scherer, Klaus R. Affiliation: U Giessen, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Stress specificities: Differential effects of coping style, gender, and type of stressor on autonomic arousal, facial expression, and subjective feeling. Source: Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 1991 Jul, v61 (n1):147-156. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stress. Physiological Arousal. Facial Expressions. Emotional Responses. Coping Behavior. Human Sex Differences. Autonomic Nervous System. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Coping style vs sex vs type of stressor, autonomic arousal & facial expression & subjective feeling in stressful situations, college students. Abstract: In this study several factors considered to be relevant in mediating stress arousal were experimentally manipulated. Subjects selected for the coping styles anxiety denying, low anxiety, and high anxiety were confronted with both low- and high-arousal-inducing situations, using 2 different types of stressors (cognitive vs emotional) in each case. Arousal reactions were measured in 3 response modalities: verbal report of subjective experience; nonverbal, nonvocal behavior; and physiological reactions. The results reveal complex interactions between type and degree of stress, coping style, and gender of Subjects, confirming findings on vocal parameters of stress. These complex interactions are discussed with respect to the possibility that Subjects' evaluation of situation characteristics may be influenced by coping styles and gender, resulting in differential reaction patterns. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 32. Author: Fernandez-Dols, Jose-Miguel; Wallbott, Harald G.; Sanchez, Flor. Affiliation: U Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicologia, Spain. Title: Emotion category accessibility and the decoding of emotion from facial expression and context. Source: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1991 Summer, v15 (n2):107-123. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Contextual Associations. Attribution. Classification (Cognitive Process). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Accessibility of emotional categories & facial expression vs context information, ascription of emotion to target, college students, Spain. Abstract: Explored 3 possible causes for the higher influence of expressive information compared to context information on the ascription of emotions: lack of biographical experience in situations described by contextual information (Exp 1), lack of instruction on categorizing contexts in terms of words that describe emotions in facial expressions (Exp 2), and insufficient enhancement of the contextual source of information (Exp 3). Subjects were 216 undergraduates. Experiments followed H. G. Wallbott's (1988) version of F. L. Goodenough and M. A. Tinker's (1931) procedure. Results of Exps 1 and 3 suggest that the different weights of expression and context in the Goodenough and Tinker ascription task are not determined by inexperience or lack of differentiation of the contextual information with respect to the expression. Exp 2 indicates these differences might reside in the categories that people use for the ascription of emotional content of faces and situations. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 33. Author: Skinner, Martin; Mullen, Brian. Affiliation: U Warwick, Coventry, England. Title: Facial asymmetry in emotional expression: A meta-analysis of research. Source: British Journal of Social Psychology, 1991 Jun, v30 (n2):113-124. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Meta Analysis. Lateral Dominance. Population terms: Human. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Facial asymmetry in emotional expression, meta analysis. Abstract: Reports meta-analysis of 65 hyopothesis tests in 14 published studies of asymmetry in the facial expression of emotion. The analysis examined which side of the face more strongly expresssed emotion as well as the effects of 3 moderator variables: (1) the type of expression; (2) the method of eliciting expression (posed or spontaneous); and (3) dimensions of emotional experience. The analysis reveals a highly significant but small effect for the left side of the face to be judged more expressive than the right. Additionally it reveals that asymmetry is (1) stronger for emotional than neutral expressions, (2) stronger for posed emotional expressions compared with spontaneous emotional expressions and (3) predicted by some dimensions of emotional experience, notably pleasantness. Results highlight theoretical and methodological issues in asymmetry of facial emotional expression. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 34. Author: Ekman, Paul; O'Sullivan, Maureen; Matsumoto, David. Affiliation: U California, Human Interaction Lab, San Francisco, US. Title: Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to "The contempt expression and the relativity thesis.". Source: Motivation & Emotion, 1991 Jun, v15 (n2):169-176. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Contextual Associations. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Judgment. Visual Discrimination. Professional Criticism. Population terms: Human. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Context of judgment, perception of contempt in facial expression, adults, commentary. Abstract: Argues that the study of the effect of context in the judgment of contempt facial expression by J. A. Russell (see PA, Vol 79:30133) was flawed by several confusions about what constitutes context. It is suggested that the context used should have ecological validity through the use of many, rather than a few, facial expressions, which are spontaneous rather than posed, and which are judged by carefully selected judgment tasks using clearly defined or well-understood emotional terms. Confusion in Russell's work between accuracy studies and agreement studies is also addressed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 35. Author: Russell, James A. Affiliation: U British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Title: "Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to "The contempt expression and the relativity thesis"': Rejoinder. Source: Motivation & Emotion, 1991 Jun, v15 (n2):177-184. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Contextual Associations. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Judgment. Visual Discrimination. Professional Criticism Reply. Population terms: Human. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Context of judgment, perception of contempt in facial expression, adults, commentary reply. Abstract: Replies to P. Ekman et al (see PA, Vol 79:30129). It is suggested that the concept of ecological validity has been a neglected issue in research on the context of expression and judgment and in research on emotion generally. In the study of judgments of emotion from facial expression, the question of what occurs spontaneously in natural settings, rather than the question of the accuracy of those judgments, may lead to studies capable of resolving current debates. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 36. Author: Missaghi-Lakshman, Monica; Whissell, Cynthia M. Affiliation: Laurentian U of Sudbury, ON, Canada. Title: Children's understanding of facial expression of emotion: II. Drawing of emotion-faces. Source: Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1991 Jun, v72 (n3, Pt 2):1228-1230. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Emotional Content. Age Differences. Adulthood. Childhood. Drawing. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Understanding of facial expression of emotion in drawing & decoding task, 7-12 yr olds vs adults. Abstract: 67 children from Grades 2, 4, and 7 (aged 7-12 yrs) drew faces representing 6 emotional states. The children themselves and 29 adults then decoded the drawings in an emotion-recognition task. Children were the more accurate decoders. The overall accuracy for all decoders was greatest for judgments of the 7th graders' drawings. The most accurately decoded emotions were happiness and sadness. Subjects seemed to use a symbol system based on a highlighting or exaggeration of features of the facial expressions of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 37. Author: Berbalk, Heinrich; Kohlhaas, A.; Kempkensteffen, J.; Koch, H.; and others. Affiliation: U Hamburg, Psychologisches Inst III, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Mimik, Stress und Blutdruck--Eine psychophysiologische Untersuchung mit Hypo-, Normo- und Grenzwerthypertonikern. (Facial expression, stress, and blood pressure: A psychophysiological study among hypotensives, normotensives, and borderline hypertensives.). Source: Verhaltenstherapie, 1991 Jun, v1 (n2):120-129. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Stress. Blood Pressure. Hypotension. Hypertension. Military Personnel. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial behavior & stress & BP, hypotensive vs normotensive vs borderline hypertensive male soldiers, Germany. Abstract: Studied interactions among facial behavior, stress, and blood pressure (BP). Subjects were 24 West German soldiers (mean age 21 yrs); 8 of the soldiers were hypotensive, 8 were normotensive, and 8 were borderline hypertensive. Subjects' BP and facial behaviors as well as their interaction partners' facial reactions were monitored continuously during a stress-inducing conversation. Situational BP elevation served as an indicator of stress and BP group membership served as an indicator of habitual style of coping with stress. Intergroup differences in Subjects' types and variety of facial expressions and in the interaction partners' facial reactions to Subjects during moments of low stress and high stress were analyzed. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 38. Author: Braun, C.; Bernier, S.; Proulx, R.; Cohen, H. Affiliation: U Quebec, Montreal, Canada. Title: A deficit of primary affective facial expression independent of bucco-facial dyspraxia in chronic schizophrenics. Source: Cognition & Emotion, 1991 Mar, v5 (n2):147-159. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Schizophrenia. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Performance on facial emotional expression vs emotionally neutral buccofacial task, schizophrenic patients. Abstract: Conducted a study to replicate the E. Gottheil et al (see PA, Vol 58:9645) study on expression of facial affect in schizophrenics; methodological shortcomings of the Gottheil et al study were corrected. 20 chronic hospitalized schizophrenics and 20 normal controls were tested on tasks of facial emotional expression (FEE) on verbal command, FEE imitation, and nonaffective bucco-facial praxic imitation. Chronic schizophrenics manifested a deficit of FEE that can best be explained by task parameters, such as verbal cuing of emotions, perceptual recognition, and bucco-facial dyspraxia. The deficit did not result from neuroleptic or anticholinergic medication nor length of hospitalization or disease. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 39. Author: Wallbott, Harald G. Affiliation: U Giessen, Germany. Title: The robustness of communication of emotion via facial expression: Emotion recognition from photographs with deteriorated pictorial quality. Source: European Journal of Social Psychology, 1991 Jan-Feb, v21 (n1):89-98. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stimulus Parameters. Pictorial Stimuli. Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Spatial Distortion. Visual Contrast. Size. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Deterioration of spatial vs contrast resolution vs picture size, recognition of emotion from facial expressions, college students. Abstract: Investigated whether the recognition of emotion from facial expressions was impaired by deterioration of spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and picture size. 80 undergraduates rated 65 stimuli under conditions of undistorted reduced spatial resolution, reduced contrast resolution, reduced picture size, and a combination of the severest spatial and contrast resolution. Recognition rate and intensity ratings were not significantly affected by variations in contrast resolution or picture size. The only significant reduction of recognition rate and intensity ratings resulted from reduction in spatial resolution when such resolution was reduced drastically and when it was combined with a highly reduced contrast resolution. Results are discussed with respect to the role of facial expressions in interaction and communication and with respect to applications such as teleconferencing systems. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 40. Author: Packer, Jeanette S.; Clark, Belinda M.; Bond, Nigel W.; Siddle, David A. Affiliation: Macquarie U School of Behavioural Sciences, North Ryde, NSW, Australia. Title: Conditioning with facial expression of emotion: A comparison of aversive and non-aversive unconditioned stimuli. Source: Journal of Psychophysiology, 1991, v5 (n1):79-88. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Conditioned Stimulus. Aversive Stimulation. Unconditioned Stimulus. Galvanic Skin Response. Classical Conditioning. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Angry vs happy facial expression as CS & aversive vs nonaversive UCS, electrodermal responses, college students, implications for prepared learning. Abstract: Determined among 48 undergraduates whether conditioning with an angry facial expression (CAFE) and an aversive unconditioned stimulus/stimuli (UCS) is an example of prepared learning. A differential conditioning paradigm was employed with Subjects receiving either pictures of an angry face as CS+ and CS-, or a happy face. The experiment consisted of 3 phases: habituation, acquisition, and extinction. The 1st-interval (FIR) and 2nd-interval (SIR) electrodermal responses were used as the dependent variables. Differential conditioning of the FIR and SIR was obtained with either a shock UCS or a reaction time (RT) UCS. There were no differences between the groups exposed to angry faces and the groups exposed to happy faces. Data do not support the notion that CAFE and an aversive UCS is an example of prepared learning. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 41. Author: Karraker, Katherine H.; Stern, Marilyn. Affiliation: West Virginia U, Morgantown, US. Title: Infant physical attractiveness and facial expression: Effects on adult perceptions. Source: Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 1990 Dec, v11 (n4):371-385. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Physical Attractiveness. Facial Expressions. Human Sex Differences. Adult Attitudes. Sex Role Attitudes. Infants. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Physical attractiveness & facial expressions & sex stereotyping of target photographs, perceptions of infants, college students. Abstract: Investigated the influence of physical appearance and sex stereotyping on adults' perceptions of infants. 120 college students rated photographs of infants who varied in physical attractiveness (cuteness), facial expression, and labeled sex. Subjects generally gave more favorable ratings to cute infants, to infants showing positive facial expressions, and to actual male infants. Labeled sex did not bias ratings. Discussion focuses on explanations for these findings and possible influences of infants' physical attractiveness and facial expression on social interactions with adults. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 42. CONFERENCE PAPER Author: Benton, Arthur. Affiliation: U Iowa Coll of Medicine, Iowa City, US. Title: Facial recognition 1990. Symposium: Facial Recognition & Expression (1990, Rome, Italy). Source: Cortex, 1990 Dec, v26 (n4):491-499. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Agnosia. Face Perception. Lateral Dominance. Professional Meetings and Symposia. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Overview of lateral dominance & other issues in prosopagnosia, conference presentation. Abstract: A review of studies of prosopagnosia (PRO) suggests that it is a disability that can be produced by a right hemisphere lesion alone, even though bilateral disease remains the more frequent anatomical basis. PRO resulting from a right hemisphere lesion may occur only within the context of some atypical condition of the left hemisphere. PRO types continue to be postulated, and the hypothesis of identification of individuality continues to be advanced. Autonomic and covert recognition studies of prosopagnosic patients have described a new dimension in facial identification. Right hemisphere dominance for the discrimination of unfamiliar faces in nonaphasic patients has been confirmed. Developments include the study of developmental PRO and novel applications of a test of facial discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 43. DISSERTATION Author: Guenter, Brian K. Affiliation: Ohio State U, US. Title: A computer system for simulating human facial expression. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1990 Aug, v51 (n2-B):840. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Computer Simulation. Facial Expressions. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Computer system, simulation of human facial expressions. 44. Author: Martin, Candace C.; Borod, Joan C.; Alpert, Murray; Brozgold, Alizah Z.; and others. Affiliation: New York U Medical Ctr, US. Title: Spontaneous expression of facial emotion in schizophrenic and right-brain-damaged patients. Special Issue: Faces, voices, and feelings: Experimental techniques and clinical implications. Source: Journal of Communication Disorders, 1990 Aug-Oct, v23 (n4-5):287-301. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Life Experiences. Schizophrenia. Brain Damaged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial activity & intensity & amount of positive vs negative emotion while talking about pleasant vs unpleasant experience, patients with schizophrenia vs right brain damage. Abstract: 20 schizophrenic (SZ) patients, 19 right-brain-damaged (RBD) patients, and 21 normal controls (NCs) were videotaped while talking about a pleasant and an unpleasant experience. Raters viewed the video recordings of facial activity with the audio portion turned off and assessed the intensity of emotion, the amount of positive emotion, and the amount of negative emotion. Compared with NCs, both patient groups were judged as less expressive and as displaying more negative than positive emotion. In particular, the patients seemed to have difficulty with the expression of positive feelings. For the SZ group, these findings may be related to anhedonia or to poor social functioning, which are often features of the illness. Findings for the RBD group are contrary to previous studies that have suggested the right hemisphere is specialized for negative emotion. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 45. Author: Buck, Ross. Affiliation: U Connecticut, Storrs, US. Title: Using FACS vs. communication scores to measure spontaneous facial expression of emotion in brain-damaged patients: A reply to Mammucari et al. (1988). Source: Cortex, 1990 Jun, v26 (n2):275-280. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Brain Damaged. Facial Expressions. Professional Criticism. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Spontaneous facial expressions, right vs left brain damaged patients, commentary. Abstract: Comments on the failure of A. Mammucari et al (see PA, Vol 76:26572) to replicate results obtained by R. Buck and R. Duffy (1980). The insufficient sensitivity of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) for the measurement of spontaneous expressiveness is noted. The results of Mammucari et al regarding aversive eye movements to a negative film are compatible with the present findings. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 46. DISSERTATION Author: Potter, Douglas D. Affiliation: U Aberdeen, Scotland. Title: Behavioural and electrophysiological correlates of the processing of facial identity and expression. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1990 Apr, v50 (n10-B):4801. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Evoked Potentials. Face Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Electrophysiological correlates, facial identity & expression processing, adults. 47. Author: Van Gelder, Ronald S.; Van Gelder, Leo. Affiliation: Free U, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Title: Facial expression and speech: Neuroanatomical considerations. Special Issue: Facial asymmetry: Expression and paralysis. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1990 Apr, v25 (n2):141-155. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Neuroanatomy. Pathology. Facial Expressions. Oral Communication. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Neuroanatomy & pathology of facial expression & relationship to speech. Abstract: Discusses the neuroanatomy and pathology of facial expression and findings on the neuroanatomical connections between expressions of the face and speech. The supranuclear innervation of volitional and emotional facial expression is reviewed, and supranuclear relations between facial movements and some speech organs are considered. Aspects of facial paralysis stemming from peripheral (e.g., stress) and central origins are also discussed. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 48. Author: Borod, Joan C.; Koff, Elissa. Affiliation: City U New York, Queens Coll, Flushing, US. Title: Lateralization for facial emotional behavior: A methodological perspective. Special Issue: Facial asymmetry: Expression and paralysis. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1990 Apr, v25 (n2):157-177. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Lateral Dominance. Emotional States. Brain Damaged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial asymmetry & emotional expression, brain damaged patients with unilateral lesions. Abstract: Reviews a series of studies on (1) facial asymmetry in normal Subjects, (2) facial emotional expression in brain-damaged Subjects with unilateral lesions, and (3) peripheral factors mediating facial expression findings. Neuropsychological mechanisms underlying emotional processing are also discussed. The finding of left-sided facial asymmetries in normals is underscored by the finding that right brain-damaged patients were impaired in the expression of facial emotion. Asymmetries in normals and the deficits in patient populations were not artifacts of hemiface size and mobility or facial paralysis and apraxia. Findings provide evidence that the right hemisphere is specialized for the expression of facial emotion. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 49. Author: Graves, Roger; Landis, Theodor. Affiliation: U Victoria, BC, Canada. Title: Asymmetry in mouth opening during different speech tasks. Special Issue: Facial asymmetry: Expression and paralysis. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1990 Apr, v25 (n2):179-189. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Mouth (Anatomy). Aphasia. Lateral Dominance. Oral Communication. Visual Perception. Imagery. Word Recognition. Emotional States. Recall (Learning). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Mouth opening asymmetry in verbal word list generation & recall vs emotional expression vs visual imagery tasks, aphasic patients. Abstract: A review of studies of mouth asymmetry (MAS) shows that this asymmetry is most consistent during purely verbal word-list generation and verbal recall tasks, less consistent when emotional expression and/or visual imagery is involved, and reversed during smiling. Aphasic patients also show the right bias during word lists, repetition, and conversing but not during serial speech, singing, and smiling. Since observable MAS is presumed to result from hemispheric asymmetry in motor control, these observations confirm the major role of a left-hemisphere control system for pure verbal expression and provide evidence for right-hemisphere involvement in mouth motor control during emotional and prosodic expression or visual imagery. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 50. Author: Van Gelder, Ronald S.; Philippart, Stefan M.; Bernard, Brigit G.; Devriese, Peiter P.; and others. Affiliation: Free U, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Title: Effects of myofeedback and mime-therapy on peripheral facial paralysis. Special Issue: Facial asymmetry: Expression and paralysis. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1990 Apr, v25 (n2):191-211. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Paralysis. Smiles. Face (Anatomy). Lateral Dominance. Feedback. Mental Health. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. General terms: Treatment. Key phrase: Myofeedback vs mime therapy, smile symmetry & judgment & feelings of well being, 17-64 yr olds with peripheral facial paralysis. Abstract: Describes symptoms associated with peripheral facial paralysis and its sequelae. Data are presented from 2 experiments, with 26 facial-paralysis patients (aged 17-64 yrs), in which the effects of myofeedback-therapy or mime-therapy treatment were measured by examination of the symmetry of a smile, the judgment of the smile by others, and the feelings of well-being of the S. After 2 wks of myofeedback therapy, none of the variables showed a significant improvement. After 10 wks of mime therapy, there was no significant improvement in symmetry measures. A significant positive effect was seen in the judgment by others of not-handicapped/handicapped and normal/abnormal rating scales. Self-judgment also showed a trend toward improvement. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 51. Author: Van Gelder, Ronald S.; Philippart, Stefan M.; Hopkins, Brian. Affiliation: Free U, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Title: Treatment of facial paralysis of CNS-origin: Initial studies. Special Issue: Facial asymmetry: Expression and paralysis. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1990 Apr, v25 (n2):213-228. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Brain Damaged. Paralysis. Face (Anatomy). Rehabilitation. Electromyography. Biofeedback. Neural Development. Central Nervous System. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: EMG biofeedback vs neurodevelopmental treatment as rehabilitation methods, brain damaged male 50 & 74 yr olds with hemifacial dysfunction of CNS origin. Abstract: Describes electromyograph (EMGH) biofeedback (myofeedback) and neurodevelopmental treatment (NT) as rehabilitation methods for patients with facial paralysis of central nervous system (CNS) origin. Findings from A. L. Huffman's (see PA, Vol 61:8946) study evaluating myofeedback show that a combination of myofeedback and mirror feedback led to more progress than mirror-feedback treatment alone. Findings from a study evaluating NT in 2 brain-damaged male patients (ages 50 and 74 yrs) with hemifacial dysfunction of CNS origin show that improvements in orofacial functioning were achieved with NT. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 52. Author: Wirsen, A.; af Klinteberg, B.; Levander, S.; Schalling, Daisy. Affiliation: Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Title: Differences in asymmetric perception of facial expression in free-vision chimeric stimuli and reaction time. Source: Brain & Cognition, 1990 Mar, v12 (n2):229-239. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lateral Dominance. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Attribution. Emotional States. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Cerebral asymmetry for perceiving facial expression, 22-24 yr old males. Abstract: Administered 2 forms of a Chimeric Faces Free-Vision Task used to estimate cerebral asymmetry for perceiving facial expression to 60 young men (aged 22-24 yrs) in a 1st session and 40 of these Subjects in a retest session. Test-retest and split-half reliabilities were high. Faces with left-sided smiles were more frequently judged as looking happier than those with right-sided smiles in both forms. However, there were individual differences in direction and extent of bias, which were systematically related to reaction time (RT), right visual field-biased Subjects being slower. Differences in lateral bias as well as in RT are assumed to reflect individual patterns of hemispheric activation, whereas the average left bias in the Subjects may reflect right-hemisphere specialization for processing of facial expression. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 53. Author: Philippot, Pierre; Feldman, Robert S. Affiliation: U Catholique de Louvain, Faculte de Psychologie, Brussels, Belgium. Title: Age and social competence in preschoolers' decoding of facial expression. Source: British Journal of Social Psychology, 1990 Mar, v29 (n1):43-54. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Social Skills. Human Information Storage. Facial Expressions. Emotional Content. Preschool Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Age & social competence, decoding facial expressions appropriate for emotional situations, 3-5 yr olds. Abstract: Examined the relationship between social competence and decoding of emotions in 38 3-5 yr old children. Subjects viewed videotaped scenarios depicting emotional situations and were asked to choose which of 3 facial expressions, representing happiness, sadness, and fear, would be most appropriate for the character in the situation. Subjects' level of social competence was assessed using the Social Competence Scale of the Child Behavior Checklist. Subjects with relatively higher social skills were better decoders than Subjects with relatively lower social skills, and decoding performance improved with age. Results are discussed in terms of the role of nonverbal behavioral skills in general social competence. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 54. Author: Mandal, Manas K.; Singh, Shyam K. Affiliation: Banaras Hindu U, Varanasi, India. Title: Lateral asymmetry in identification and expression of facial emotions. Special Issue: Evaluative conditioning. Source: Cognition & Emotion, 1990 Mar, v4 (n1):61-69. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Visual Field. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Normal orientation vs left vs right visual field presentations, identification of facially expressed emotion, male college students. Abstract: Examined the pattern of asymmetry that may exist in the interaction of perceptual and expressive aspects of facial emotion. 90 male undergraduates viewed photographs of facial expressions representing 4 negative emotions: sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. Photos were prepared in 3 representations: normal right-left orientation (RL), left-side composites (LL), and right-side composites (RR). Subjects performed either a matching or labeling task to examine the role of the left vs right hemivisual field. Identification of negative emotion was superior with left visual field presentations, especially in the matching task. RL facial representations were judged more accurately than either the LL or RR facial composites on the matching task. Negative facial emotions differed in identifiability in both task conditions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 55. Author: Camras, Linda A.; Ribordy, Sheila; Hill, Jean; Martino, Steve; and others. Affiliation: De Paul U, Chicago, IL, US. Title: Maternal facial behavior and the recognition and production of emotional expression by maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Source: Developmental Psychology, 1990 Mar, v26 (n2):304-312. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Emotional States. Facial Expressions. Recognition (Learning). Child Abuse. Mother Child Relations. Victimization. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Emotionality (Personality). Childhood. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Facial behavior & recognition & production of emotional expression, mothers & their abused 3-7 yr olds. Abstract: 20 maltreated and 20 nonmaltreated children (ages = 3-7 years) and their mothers were observed during a laboratory play session and 7 home observation visits. Subjects' facial behavior was video recorded in the lab and coded live by observers in the home. Children also participated in an emotional-expression recognition task. Data analysis showed that both maltreatment status and mothers' facial behavior were predictors of children's recognition scores. Positive relationships were also found between mothers' and children's expressive behavior. Although maltreated and nonmaltreated children differed significantly in their recognition of emotional facial expressions, group differences were not found for either mothers' or children's expressive behavior. Overall, this study's findings indicate that children's recognition and production of facial expressions depends in part on the expressive environment provided by their mothers. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 56. Author: Wagner, Hugh L. Affiliation: Victoria U of Manchester, England. Title: The spontaneous facial expression of differential positive and negative emotions. Source: Motivation & Emotion, 1990 Mar, v14 (n1):27-43. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Spontaneous facial expression of positive vs negative emotions, adult encoders & decoders. Abstract: Examined the expression of positive and negative emotions by university students under minimally social conditions. 15 male and 15 female encoders were covertly videotaped while they viewed and made written ratings of their responses to a number of slides, using a list of emotion terms derived from members of the same subject pool. 11 male and 11 female decoders later interpreted the videotaped facial expressions. Even when the social nature of the situation was reduced to a minimum, the experience of some emotions was reflected on the Subjects' faces. The reduced social nature of the situation removed the usual female encoding advantage, supporting the suggestion that this advantage reflects the operation of display rules. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 57. Author: McDonald, Paul W.; Prkachin, Kenneth M. Affiliation: Sarnia-Lambton Health Unit, Sarnia, ON, Canada. Title: The expression and perception of facial emotion in alexithymia: A pilot study. Source: Psychosomatic Medicine, 1990 Mar-Apr, v52 (n2):199-210. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Construct Validity. Facial Expressions. Alexithymia. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Perception. Key phrase: Expression & labeling of facially expressed emotion, assessment of construct validity of alexithymia, male college students. Abstract: Assessed the validity of the construct of alexithymia. 10 alexithymic (AXT) and 10 normal control (CTL) male undergraduates were videotaped during tasks designed to elicit spontaneous and posed facial expressions of emotion. They also rated the emotional impact of the tasks and prototypic displays of emotion. AXT Subjects were comparable to CTLs in judgments of the impact of provocative slides and in their ability to label posed expressions. With the exception of expressions of anger and happiness, they were also comparable in the ability to pose emotions. AXTs showed a deficit in spontaneous displays of negative affect. The validity of the concept is supported. Deficits in the spontaneous encoding of negative emotion and in nonverbal expression are central to the phenomenon. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 58. Author: Moreno, Caridad R.; Borod, Joan C.; Welkowitz, Joan; Alpert, Murray. Affiliation: Northside Ctr for Child Development, Dept of Psychology, New York, NY, US. Title: Lateralization for the expression and perception of facial emotion as a function of age. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1990, v28 (n2):199-209. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Lateral Dominance. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Aged. Physiological Aging. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Age, lateralization of facial emotion expression vs perception, female 21-81 yr olds. Abstract: Examined lateralization for facial emotion in 30 young (21-39 yrs), 30 middle-aged (40-59 yrs), and 30 old women (aged 60-81 yrs) to test right hemisphere changes with age. For expression, Subjects were photographed while posing positive and negative emotions. Composite photos were created and rated for intensity. For perception, Subjects made intensity judgments about emotional chimeric faces. Subjects demonstrated significant left-sided facial asymmetry for expression and significant left hemispace biases for perception. Findings support the notion that the right hemisphere mediates emotional processing across the adult life span. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 59. Author: Beck, Lisa; Feldman, Robert S. Affiliation: U Massachusetts, Amherst, US. Title: Enhancing children's decoding of facial expression. Source: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1989 Winter, v13 (n4):269-278. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Feedback. Human Information Storage. Facial Expressions. Emotional States. School Age Children. Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Feedback, decoding skills for facial expressions of emotion, 5th & 7th graders. Abstract: Assessed the effects of a feedback (FB) procedure for improving children's skill in decoding facial expressions of emotion, using 36 5th-7th graders. Subjects watched video segments showing facial expressions of stimulus persons experiencing happiness, sadness, or fear and tried to identify each emotion. Some Subjects received FB as to the actual emotion, and others did not. In a 2nd (test) phase, all Subjects' decoding skills were assessed without feedback. Compared with Subjects who did not receive FB, those who did get FB in the 1st phase of the study performed better in the test phase. Furthermore, differences between Subjects in the FB and no FB conditions were affected by Subjects' sex and the specific emotion being decoded. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 60. DISSERTATION Author: Wilczenski, Felicia L. Affiliation: U Massachusetts, US. Title: Nonverbal communication and mental retardation: Comprehension and expression of facial affect among adults with developmental disabilities. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Nov, v50 (n5-A):1261-1262. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Social Skills. Human Information Storage. Facial Expressions. Mentally Retarded. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Social competence & ability to encode & decode posed facial emotional expressions, mentally retarded adults. 61. DISSERTATION Author: Martin, Candace C. Affiliation: New York U, US. Title: An examination of facial emotional expression and perception in schizophrenics and right brain damaged patients. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 May, v49 (n11-B):5025-5026. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Schizophrenia. Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial emotional expression & perception, schizophrenics. 62. DISSERTATION Author: Brozgold, Alizah Z. Affiliation: City U New York, US. Title: The objective measurement of facial expression in patients with right brain damage and Parkinson's disease. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Feb, v49 (n8-B):3421. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Parkinsons Disease. Brain Damaged. Cerebral Dominance. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Spontaneous vs posed facial expressions, patients with Parkinson's disease vs right hemisphere damage. 63. Author: Fontana, Franca; Arcuri, Luciano. Affiliation: U degli Studi di Trieste, Istituto di Psicologia, Italy. Title: Aspetti evolutivi nella discriminazione di volti esprimenti emozioni. / Discrimination of facial expression of emotions in very young children. Source: Eta evolutiva, 1989 Feb (n32):5-15. References. Language: Italian. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Social Perception. Facial Expressions. Preschool Age Children. Infants. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Familiarity of helper, discrimination of facial expressions of emotion, male vs female 1.3-3.3 yr olds, Italy. Abstract: Studied the manner in which preschool children discriminate facial expressions of emotion, and assessed the roles of sex of the encoder and familiarity with the decoder in preferential looking at opposite expressions of emotion. L. B. Cohen and E. R. Gelber's preferential looking paradigm (1975) and perceptual and functional models of facial emotion discrimination are also discussed. Human subjects: 21 male and female Italian infants and preschool children (aged 16-40 mo). Eight male and female Italian infants and preschool children (aged 18-35 mo). In an initial experiment, Subjects were shown 17 pairs of slides, representing 6 different expressions of pure emotions (fear, anger, surprise, happiness, disgust, and sadness). The fixation time for each slide was determined. In a 2nd experiment, Subjects were shown 24 pairs of slides representing happiness vs sadness. The fixation time for each slide was analyzed with respect to sex of the encoder and familiarity of a person helping the Subjects (parent or stranger). The results were analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). (English abstract) Developmental. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 64. Author: Krause, Rainer; Steimer, Evelyne; Sanger-Alt, Cornelia; Wagner, Gunter. Affiliation: U des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Facial expression of schizophrenic patients and their interaction partners. Source: Psychiatry, 1989 Feb, v52 (n1):1-12. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Schizophrenia. Facial Expressions. Interpersonal Interaction. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expressions during political discussion with healthy partner, schizophrenic males. Abstract: Examined whether there would be less frequency of facial activity among 10 male outpatient schizophrenics (SCs) compared with 10 healthy males matched for age, sex, and education level. A dyad (an SC and a healthy Subject) were instructed to hold a political discussion for 20 min, which was videotaped. Findings indicate that SCs and healthy Subjects did not differ in the sum of all their facial expressions; however, SCs' expressiveness was concentrated on the lower face. The variability of the facial innervations among the SCs was also lower in terms of the repertoire of facial activity and as concerns the diversity of the facial events. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 65. Author: Iglesias, Jaime; Loeches, Angela; Serrano, Juan. Affiliation: U Autonoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicologia, Spain. Title: Expresion facial y reconocimiento de emociones en lactantes. (Facial expression and recognition of emotions in infants.). Source: Infancia y Aprendizaje, 1989 (n48):93-113. References. Language: Spanish. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Infant Development. Infants. Psychobiology. Population terms: Human. Child. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Psychobiological perspective on facial expression & recognition of emotions, infants. Abstract: Researched the expression of basic emotions through facial expressions in infants from a psychobiological perspective. It is assumed that the so-called "basic emotions" are discrete organismic states, phylogenetically shaped and subcortically mediated, that facilitate individuals' adaptation under specific stimulating conditions. Reviewing the empirical evidence for the universality of facial expressions, it can be concluded that infants at the age of 3 mo are already capable of expressing and recognizing the emotions of happiness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and sadness. Despite these empirical data, the evolutionary mechanisms that originate emotional expressions are still unknown. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 66. Author: Rothbart, Mary K.; Taylor, Susan B.; Tucker, Don M. Affiliation: U Oregon, US. Title: Right-sided facial asymmetry in infant emotional expression. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1989, v27 (n5):675-687. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Emotional States. Facial Expressions. Infant Development. Lateral Dominance. Infants. Longitudinal Studies. Distress. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Smiling & distress, facial asymmetries, infants studied at 6.5 & 10 & 13.5 mo. Abstract: Examined facial asymmetries during smiling and distress in 59 infants studied longitudinally at ages 6.5, 10, and 13.5 mo. Asymmetric expressions showed a bias toward greater intensity on the right side of the face. It is suggested that the study of infant facial expressions may provide clues to the maturation of the cortical control of emotional responses. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 67. Author: Krause, Rainer; Lutolf, Peter. Affiliation: U des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Mimische Indikatoren von Ubertragungsvorgangen--Erste Untersuchungen. (Facial expression as an indicator of transference processes: Preliminary investigations.). Source: Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie. Forschung und Praxis, 1989, v18 (n1):55-67. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Psychotherapeutic Transference. Facial Expressions. Psychotherapy. Anxiety. Compulsive Repetition. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expressions as correlation of transference in psychotherapy, 35 yr old male with anxiety disorder & repetition compulsion, West Germany. Abstract: Studied the correlation between facial expression and transference processes in psychotherapy. The main hypothesis tested was that the incidence of facial expressions indicating the patient's ambivalence (e.g., masking anger or contempt with a momentary smile) will decrease during therapy. Human subjects: One male West German adult (35 yrs) (anxiety disorder/repetition compulsion). The 12 therapy and follow-up sessions of a psychoanalytically oriented focal therapy were videotaped in a way that allowed complete registration of the Subject's and therapist's facial expressions. Three time samples from every session were coded with the Facial-Action-Coding System of P. Ekman and W. Friesen (1978) and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with repeated measures to assess changes in the percentage of masking incidents and in the synchronization of affect in the therapeutic dyad. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 68. Author: Sanger-Alt, Cornelia; Steimer-Krause, Evelyne; Wagner, Gunter; Krause, Rainer. Affiliation: Universitat des Saarlandes, Saarbrucken, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Mimisches Verhalten psychosomatischer Patienten. (Facial expression of psychosomatic patients.). Source: Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie. Forschung und Praxis, 1989, v18 (n3):243-256. References. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Ulcerative Colitis. Spinal Cord Injuries. Psychosomatic Disorders. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial activity & reflected emotions, male adults with ulcerative colitis vs functional spinal cord problems, West Germany. Abstract: Studied facial activity of patients with psychosomatic disorders. Focus was on determining whether the lack of affect associated with psychosomatic disorders is accompanied by facial inexpressiveness. Human subjects: Six male West German adults (ulcerative colitis). Four male West German adults (functional spinal-cord problems). 30 normal male West German adults (aged 27 yrs). All Subjects were videotaped during a conversation with a naive, healthy partner; and their facial activities and reflected emotions were analyzed. Intergroup differences were determined. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 69. Author: Motley, Michael T.; Camden, Carl T. Affiliation: U California, Davis, US. Title: Facial expression of emotion: A comparison of posed expressions versus spontaneous expressions in an interpersonal communication setting. Source: Western Journal of Speech Communication, 1988 Winter, v52 (n1):1-22. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional Content. Social Perception. Conversation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Identification of posed vs spontaneous facial expressions of emotion during conversation, college students. Abstract: Compared the identifiability of posed vs spontaneous facial expressions of emotion elicited during ostensibly natural conversation. 20 undergraduates rated photographs for the emotions of anger, confusion, disgust, happiness, sadness, and surprise. While posed expressions, as in earlier studies, were quite unambiguous, spontaneous expressions of emotion were difficult to identify. Implications are discussed for the generalizability of certain nonverbal research results to interpersonal communication settings, for related methodological considerations, for revised conceptualizations of the function of facial expression, and for the more general issue of communicative intention. It is noted that each photograph was reliably labeled with all 6 emotions, depending on the communication scenario purported for it. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 70. Author: Wallbott, Harald G. Affiliation: Justus-Liebig-U Giessen, Fed Rep Germany. Title: In and out of context: Influences of facial expression and context information on emotion attributions. Source: British Journal of Social Psychology, 1988 Dec, v27 (n4):357-369. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Attribution. Contextual Associations. Emotional Content. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Viewing video of emotion arousing situation &/vs facial reaction of actor, emotional attributions, college students. Abstract: 60 undergraduates viewed 60 video clips depicting an emotional situation followed by an emotional facial expression of an actor/actress in reaction to this situation. These clips were selected from films and TV shows. Three groups of 20 Subjects each watched (1) only the first takes of the clips depicting an emotion-arousing situation, or (2) only the second takes of the clips presenting the emotional facial expressions, or (3) combinations of both takes depicting the emotion-arousing situation followed by the facial expression. Their task was to judge the emotion(s) expressed by the person in the given situation. Results indicate that context information dominated person information in determining emotion attributions. Furthermore, differences were found with respect to the relative discrepancy or consonance of clips and differences due to gender of the actors. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 71. Author: Mammucari, A.; Caltagirone, C.; Ekman, P.; Friesen, W.; and others. Affiliation: U degli Studi "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy. Title: Spontaneous facial expression of emotions in brain-damaged patients. Source: Cortex, 1988 Dec, v24 (n4):521-533. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Brain Damaged. Facial Expressions. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Spontaneous facial expressions, right vs left brain damaged patients. Abstract: Studied spontaneous facial expression of emotion in 23 right and 39 left brain-damaged patients and in a control group of 28 normal Subjects. Four short movies, constructed to produce positive, negative, or neutral emotional responses, were used to elicit emotion. Subjects were evaluated using the Facial Action Coding System. Brain-damaged Subjects showed less facial responses to emotional stimuli than controls. No difference was observed between Subjects with right- and left-sided lesions with either global or disaggregated data analyses; this finding is inconsistent with the hypothesis of a specialization of the right hemisphere for facial emotional expressions. Both controls and left brain-damaged Subjects often averted their gaze from the screen when unpleasant material was displayed; right brain-damaged Subjects rarely showed gaze aversion. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 72. DISSERTATION Author: Hoag, David N. Affiliation: U North Texas, US. Title: Facial expression decoding deficits among psychiatric patients: Attention, encoding, and processing. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1988 Dec, v49 (n6-B):2379-2380. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Schizophrenia. Human Information Storage. Face Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Encoding of facial expressions, schizophrenic patients. 73. Author: Wallbott, Harald G. Affiliation: Justus-Liebig-U Giessen, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Big girls don't frown, big boys don't cry--Gender differences of professional actors in communicating emotion via facial expression. Source: Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 1988 Summer, v12 (n2):98-106. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Human Sex Differences. Facial Expressions. Emotional States. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Male vs female actors communicating emotion via facial expression, recognition of joy vs sadness vs fear vs anger, primary school students. Abstract: Examined whether professional actors would be able to communicate emotional meaning via facial expression to judges without context information. 40 takes depicting a female or a male actor in close-up showing facial expression were selected to represent the basic emotions of joy, sadness, fear, and anger. 52 female and 62 male German primary school students judged the emotions expressed in the takes on 9 5-point-emotion scales. Results indicate that female actors were not significantly better in communicating emotion via facial expression without context than male actors were. Furthermore, significant interactions between portrayed emotion and gender of actors were found: While recognition rate for joy is very high and identical for both genders, female actors seem to be superior in communicating fear and sadness via facial expression, while male actors were more successful in communicating anger. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 74. DISSERTATION Author: Kingsley, Karen K. Affiliation: U Delaware, US. Title: Depression and the perception of facial emotion expression: Is what you feel what you see? Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1988 May, v48 (n11-B):3418. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Depression (Emotion). Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Social Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Depressive schemata, perception of facial emotion expression, adults. 75. Author: Tranel, Daniel; Damasio, Antonio R.; Damasio, Hanna. Affiliation: U Iowa Hosps & Clinics, Dept of Neurology, Iowa City, US. Title: Intact recognition of facial expression, gender, and age in patients with impaired recognition of face identity. Source: Neurology, 1988 May, v38 (n5):690-696. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Facial Expressions. Human Sex Differences. Age Differences. Agnosia. Brain Damaged. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Recognition of facial expression vs gender vs age, 20-62 yr old patients with impaired recognition of face identity. Abstract: Conducted a series of experiments to assess the ability to recognize the meaning of facial expressions, gender, and age, using 4 patients (aged 20, 27, 58, and 62 yrs) with severe impairments of the recognition of facial identity. In 3 patients the recognition of face identity could be dissociated from that of facial expression, age, and gender. In one, all forms of face recognition were impaired. Thus, a given lesion may preclude one type of recognition but not another. It is concluded that (1) the cognitive demands posed by different forms of recognition are met at different processing levels and (2) different levels depend on different neural substrates. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 76. Author: Ekman, Paul; O'Sullivan, Maureen. Affiliation: U California, Human Interaction Lab, San Francisco, US. Title: The role of context in interpreting facial expression: Comment on Russell and Fehr (1987). Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1988 Mar, v117 (n1):86-88. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Contextual Associations. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Emotional Content. Professional Criticism. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Context, perception of facial expressions of emotions, commentary. Abstract: In their article, "Relativity in the Perception of Emotion in Facial Expressions," Russell and Fehr (1987) argued that context is the principle determinant in interpreting facial expressions of emotion. They questioned the biological bases for emotion suggested by Darwin and supported by many cross-cultural studies. We suggest that their results occurred because the target faces they used were emotionally neutral or ambiguous. We also argue that their findings can be interpreted as supporting the communicative importance of the face. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 77. Author: Russell, James A.; Fehr, Beverley. Affiliation: U British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Title: "The role of context in interpreting facial expression:" Reply to Ekman and O'Sullivan. Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1988 Mar, v117 (n1):89-90. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Emotional Content. Facial Expressions. Face Perception. Professional Criticism Reply. Contextual Associations. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Information content & context of facial expressions, interpretation of emotion expressed, commentary reply. Abstract: We are not the extremists Ekman and O'Sullivan (1988) assume. Much, but not all, of the apparent disagreement evaporates once misunderstandings are cleared up. They offer no alternative explanation for our findings, which thus remain a challenge to those who think of the perception of emotion in facial expressions as accurate and absolute rather than as relative to the perceptual context. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 78. Author: Deffner, Gerhard. Affiliation: U Hamburg, Fachbereich Psychologie, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Looking at self or others: Differences in facial expression. Source: British Journal of Social Psychology, 1987 Dec, v26 (n4):341-343. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Self Perception. Social Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expression in mirror vs camera image, ratings of self vs other likeness, college students. Abstract: Hypothesized that discrepancies between people's self-image and other people's image of them are related to the 2 conditions of (a) looking in a mirror (a basis of self-image) vs (b) looking at another person. Photographs from 17 Subjects adopting a neutral or friendly expression were judged for likeness by 20 psychology students. There was a significant interaction between condition (mirror vs camera) and rater (self vs other) in the case of friendly facial expressions. Subsequent ratings revealed that faces were less expressive in the mirror condition. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 79. Author: Forgas, Joseph P. Affiliation: U New South Wales, School of Psychology, Kensington, Australia. Title: The role of physical attractiveness in the interpretation of facial expression cues. Source: Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 1987 Dec, v13 (n4):478-489. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Impression Formation. Facial Expressions. Physical Attractiveness. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Physical attractiveness & facial expression of female target, impression formation, adults. Abstract: Investigated the way positive or neutral facial expression cues by attractive or unattractive female communicators are interpreted. 175 undergraduates and 248 other adults read detailed descriptions of a female target character accompanied by realistic pictures showing her as physically attractive or unattractive and displaying either a positive (smiling) or a neutral facial expression. Results show that both physical attractiveness and facial expression had a positive main effect on judgments, and there was a significant and nonobvious interaction on judgments of self-confidence and responsibility. Smiling made attractive targets appear more self-confident and also more responsible for transgressions, but the same expression had exactly the opposite effect when displayed by unattractive individuals. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 80. Author: Rusalova, M. N. Affiliation: USSR Academy of Sciences, Inst of Higher Nervous Activity & Neurophysiology, Moscow, USSR. Title: Lateralization of voluntary control of facial expression. Source: Human Physiology, 1987 Jul-Aug, v13 (n4):263-268. References. Language: English. Pub type: Translation. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Emotional States. Lateral Dominance. Facial Expressions. Handedness. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Voluntary control of unilateral vs bilateral emotional facial expressions measuring lateral dominance, left vs right handed 14-52 yr olds. Abstract: Studied voluntary control of emotional facial expression in 114 Subjects ((90 right-handed) aged 14-52 yrs). Subjects completed 8 tasks involving creation of facial expressions. Findings indicate that most right-handed Subjects preferred the right side of the face in unilateral smiling tasks and preferred the left side when grimacing. Results suggest that there is a relatively stable positive emotional background for the left hemisphere and a negative emotional background for the right hemisphere. It is suggested that this difference leads to a strengthening of the sign of emotional expression performed by each half of the face in isolation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 81. Author: Borod, Joan C.; Koff, Elissa. Affiliation: City U New York, Queens Coll, US. Title: De neuropsychologie van emotionele gelaatsexpressie. (The neuropsychology of emotional facial expression.). Source: Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden, 1987 Apr, v42 (n3):153-155. References. Language: Dutch. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional States. Neuropsychology. Population terms: Human. General terms: Experimentation. Key phrase: Research on neuropsychology of emotional facial expression. Abstract: Reviews the authors' research on the neuropsychology of facial emotion. Based on the findings, it is suggested that (1) The right hemisphere plays a dominant role in expressing facial emotion, (2) Deficits in emotional facial expression are not associated with deficits in nonemotional facial movements, (3) emotional facial expression is independent of and separate from emotional facial perception, and (4) facial and vocal emotional expressions are associated. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 82. DISSERTATION Author: Smith, Craig A. Affiliation: Stanford U. Title: The informational structure of the facial expression of emotion. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1987 Mar, v47 (n9-B):4002. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Facial Expressions. Emotional Responses. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Facial expression & emotional appraisal. 83. Author: Grunau, Ruth V.; Craig, Kenneth D. Affiliation: British Columbia Children's Hosp, Dept of Psychology, Vancouver, Canada. Title: Pain expression in neonates: Facial action and cry. Source: Pain, 1987 Mar, v28 (n3):395-410. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Pain Perception. Facial Expressions. Infant Vocalization. Activity Level. Sleep. Feet (Anatomy). Childhood. Ne