@article	( ABRY&BOE86,
key	=	"Abry&Boe86" ,
author	=	"Abry C. & Boe L.-J." ,
fullauthor=	"Christian Abry & Louis-Jean Boe" ,
title	=	"Laws for Lips" ,
journal	=	"Speech Communication" ,
volume	=	"5" ,
year	=	"1986" ,
pages	=	"97-104" )

@article	( ALCANTARA.ET.AL.90,
key	=	"Alcantara.et.al.90" ,
author	=	"Alcantara, J.I., Cowan, R.S., Blamey, P.J. & Clark, G.M." ,
title	=	"A comparison of two training strategies for speech
recognition with an electronic speech processor" ,
journal	=	"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research" ,
volume	=	"33" ,
year	=	"1990" ,
pages	=	"195-204" )

@book		( ALLENHUNNICUTT&KLATT87,
key	=	"AllenHunnicutt&Klatt87" ,
author	=	"Allen, J., Hunnicutt, M. S., and Klatt, D." ,
booktitle=	"From text to speech: The MITalk system" ,
publisher=	"Cambridge University Press",
address	=	"Cambridge, MA",
year	=	"1987" )

@inProceedings	( BENOIT.ET.AL.89,
key	=	"Benoit.et.al.89",
author	=	"Benoit, C., van Erp, A., Grice, M., Hazan, V., & Jekosh, U." ,
title	=	"Multilingual synthesizer assessment using
Semantically Unpredictable Sentences" ,
booktitle=	"Proceedings of the 2nd EUROSPEECH Conference",
year	=	"1989" ,
address	=	"Paris, France",
number	=	"2" ,
pages	=	"633-636" )

@article	( BENOIT.GRICE&HAZAN.??,
key	=	"Benoit.Grice&Hazan.??" ,
author	=	"Benoit, C., Grice, M., & Hazan, V." ,
title	=	"A method for the assessment of text-to-speech
synthesis intelligibility" ,
journal	=	"Speech Communication" ,
year	=	"under revision" )

@inBook		( BENOIT&POLS92,
key	=	"Benoit&Pols92",
author	=	"Benoit, C., & Pols, L.C.W." ,
title	=	"On the assessment of synthetic speech" ,
editor	=	"G. Bailly, C. Benoit, & T. R. Sawallis" ,
booktitle=	"Talking machines: Theories, Models, and Designs" ,
year	=	"1992" ,
address	=	"Amsterdam" ,
publisher=	"North Holland" ,
pages	=	"435-442" )

@article	( BERNSTEIN.DEMOREST.EBERHARDT.SUBMITTED,
key	=	"Bernstein.Demorest.Eberhardt.submitted" ,
author	=	"Bernstein, L.E., Demorest, M.E., & Eberhardt, S.P." ,
title	=	"A computational approach to analyzing sentential
speech perception: Phoneme-to-phoneme stimulus-response alignment" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
year	=	"submitted" )

@inProceedings	( BREGLER&KONIG93,
key	=	"Bregler&Konig93",
author	=	"Bregler, C. & Konig, Y." ,
title	=	"Eigenlips for Robust Speech Recognition" ,
booktitle=	"Proceedings of the Int. Conf. on Acoustics Speech and
Signal Processing (IEEE-ICASSP)",
year	=	"1994" ,
address	=	"Adelaide, Australia" )

@inProceedings	( BREGLER.ET.AL93,
key	=	"Bregler.et.al93" ,
author	=	"Bregler, C., Hild, H., Manke, S., & Waibel, A." ,
title	=	"Improving connected letter recognition by lipreading" ,
booktitle=	"International Joint Conference of Speech and Signal
Processing",
year	=	"1993" ,
address	=	"Minneapolis, MN",
pages	=	"557-560" )

@inBook		( BREGLER&OMOHUNDRO94,
key	=	"Bregler&Omohundro94",
author	=	"Bregler, C. & Omohundro, S." ,
title	=	"Surface Learning with Applications to Lip-Reading" ,
booktitle=	"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems",
editor	=	"J.D. Cowan, G. Tesauro, & J. Alspector",
volume	=	"6" ,
year	=	"1994" ,
address	=	"San Francisco, CA",
publisher=	"Morgan Kaufman" )

@inProceedings	( BROOKE&PETAJAN86,
key	=	"Brooke&Petajan86
author	=	"Brooke, N. M. & Petajan, E. D." ,
title	=	"Seeing speech: Investigations
into the synthesis and recognition of visible speech movements using
automatic image processing and computer graphics,
booktitle=	"Proceedings of
the International Conference on Speech Input/Output: Techniques
and Applications" ,
year	=	"1986" ,
pages	=	"104-109" )

@MastersThesis	( CAHN89,
key	= 	"Cahn89",
author	=       "Cahn, J",
title	=       "Generating Expression in Synthesized Speech",
school	=	"Massachusetts Institute of Technolog",
year	=	"1989" )

@TechReport	( CHOI,HARASHIMA,&TAKEBE90,
key	=	"Choi,Harashima,&Takebe90" ,
author	=	"Choi, C.S., Harashima, H. & Takebe, T." ,
title	=	"Highly accurate estimation of head motion and facial
action informations on knowledge-based image coding." ,
institution=	"IEICEJ" ,
number	=	"PRU90-68" ,
year	=	"1990" )

@article	( COHEN&MASSARO90,
key	=	"Cohen&Massaro90" ,
author	=	"Cohen, M. M. & Massaro, D. W." ,
title	=	"Synthesis of visible speech" ,
journal	=	"Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation" ,
volume	=	"22" ,
number	=	"2" ,
year	=	"1990" ,
pages	=	"260-263" )

@inProceedings	( COHEN&MASSARO93,
key	=	"Cohen&Massaro93",
author	=	"Cohen, M. M. & Massaro, D. W." ,
title	=	"Modeling coarticulation in synthetic visual speech" ,
booktitle=	"Models and Techniques in Computer Animation",
editor	=	"M. Thalmann & D. Thalmann",
publisher=	"Springer-Verlag",
address	=	"Tokyo",
year	=	"1993" )

@Manual		( DECTALK85,
key	=	"DECtalk85" ,
title	=	"Programmers Reference Manual" ,
institution=	"Digital Equipment Corporation" ,
year	=	"1985" )

@TechReport	( DUFFY&PISONI91,
key	=	"Duffy&Pisoni91" ,
author	=	"Duffy, S.A. & Pisoni, D.B." ,
title	=	"Comprehension of synthetic speech produced by rule:
A review and theoretical interpretation" ,
institution=	"Indiana University, Department of Psychology" ,
number	=	"Research on Speech Perception Progress Report, 17" ,
year	=	"1991" )

@article	( FAIRBANKS58,
key	=	"Fairbanks58" ,
author	=	"Fairbanks, G." ,
title	=	"Test of phonemic differentiation: The rhyme test" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
volume	=	"30" ,
year	=	"1958" ,
pages	=	"596-600" )

@PhDThesis	( Finn86,
key	= 	"Finn86",
author	=       "Finn, K. E.",
title	=       "An Investigation of Visible Lip Information
to be Used in Automated Speech Recognition",
school	=	"Georgetown University",
year	=	"1986",
address	=	"Washington, DC" )

@article	( FROMKIN64,
key	=	"Fromkin64" ,
author	=	"Fromkin, V." ,
fullauthor=	"Victoria Fromkin" ,
title	=	"Lip positions in American-English vowels" ,
journal	=	"Language and Speech" ,
volume	=	"7" ,
year	=	"1964" ,
pages	=	"215-225" )

@article	( GESI.ET.AL.92,
key	=	"Gesi.et.al.92" ,
author	=	"Gesi, A. T., Massaro, D. W., & Cohen, M. M." ,
title	=	"Discovery and expository methods in teaching visual
consonant- and word-identification." ,
journal	=	"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research" ,
volume	=	"35" ,
year	=	"1992" ,
pages	=	"1180-1188" )

@PhDThesis	( GOLDSCHEN93,
key	= 	"Goldschen93",
author	=       "Goldschen, A. J.",
title	=       "Continuous Automatic Speech Recognition by Lipreading",
school	=	"George Washington University",
year	=	"1993" )

@article	( JACKSONMONTGOMERYBINNIE76,
key	=	"JacksonMontgomeryBinnie76" ,
author	=	"Jackson, Pamela L.; Montgomery, Allen A.; Binnie, Carl A.",
title	=	"Perceptual dimensions underlying vowel lipreading performance",
journal	=	"Journal of Speech & Hearing Research" ,
volume	=	"19" ,
number	=	"4" ,
month	=	"Dec" ,
year	=	"1976" ,
pages	=	"796-812" )

@article	( KASS88,
key	=	"Kass88",
author =        "Kass, M., Witkin, A., and Terzopoulous, D.",
title =         "Snakes: Active Contour Models",
journal=        "International Journal of Computer Vision",
publisher =     "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
address=        "Boston",
year =          "1988",
pages=          "321-331",)

@article	( KAISER&WEHRLE92,
key	=	"Kaiser&Wehrle92" ,
author	=	"Kaiser, S. & Wehrle, T." ,
title	=	"Automated coding of facial behavior in human-computer
interactions with FACS" ,
journal	=	"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior" ,
volume	=	"16" ,
year	=	"1992" ,
pages	=	"2" )

@article	( KLATT87,
key	=	"Klatt87" ,
author	=	"Klatt, D.H." ,
title	=	"A review of text-to-speech conversion for English" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
volume	=	"82" ,
year	=	"1987" ,
pages	=	"737-793" )

@inProceedings	( LALLOUACHE90,
key	=	"Lallouache90" ,
author	=	"Lallouache, M.T." ,
title	=	"Acquisition et traitment de contours labiaux" ,
booktitle=	"18emes, JEP du GCP du GALF, Montreal,
year	=	"1990" ,
pages	=	"27-28" )

@article	( LALLOUACHE&WORLEY90,
key	=	"Lallouache&Worley90" ,
author	=	"Lallouache, M.T.  & Worley, C." ,
title	=	"Saise, edition et traitement d'images et de signaux
articulatoires levres et machoire." ,
journal	=	"Journal d'Acoustique" ,
volume	=	"1" ,
year	=	"1990" ,
pages	=	"215-220" )

@DEAThesis	( LEGOFF93,
key	= 	"LeGoff93",
author	=       "Le Goff, B.",
title	=       "Commandes parametriques d'un modele de visage 3D
pour animation en temps reel",
school	=	"Institut National Polytechnique",
year	=	"1993",
address	=	"Grenoble, France" )

@article	( LINDBLOM&SUNDBERG71,
key	=	"Lindblom&Sundberg71" ,
author	=	"Lindblom, B. & Sundberg, J." ,
title	=	"Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and
larynx movement" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
volume	=	"50" ,
year	=	"1971" ,
pages	=	"1166-1179" )

@article	( LOFQVIST90,
key	=	"Lofqvist90" ,
author	=	"Lofqvist, A." ,
title	=	"Speech as audible gestures" ,
booktitle=	"Speech Production and Speech Modeling",
editor	=	"W.J. Hardcastle and A. Marchal",
publisher=	"Kluwer Academic Publishers",
address	=	"Dordrecht",
year	=	"1990" ,
pages	=	"289-322" )

@article	( LOGAN.ET.AL.91,
key	=	"Logan.et.al.91" ,
author	=	"Logan, J.S., Lively, S.E., & Pisoni, D.B." ,
title	=	"Training Japanese listeners to identify /r/ and /l/:
A first report" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
volume	=	"89" ,
year	=	"1989" ,
pages	=	"874-886" )
@article	( MASE&PENTLAND91,
key	=	"Mase&Pentland91" ,
author	=	"Mase, K. & Pentland, A." ,
title	=	"Automatic Lipreading by Optical - Flow Analysis" ,
journal	=	"ystems and Computers in Japan" ,
volume	=	"22" ,
year	=	"1991" ,
pages	=	"N06" )

@article	( MATSUOKA,FURUYA,&KUROSU86,
key	=	"Matsuoka,Furuya,&Kurosu86" ,
author	=	"Matsuoka, K., Furuya, T. & Kurosu, K." ,
title	=	"Speech recognition by image processing of lip movements" ,
journal	=	"Trans. on Soc. Instru. and Cont. Eng" ,
volume	=	"22" ,
number	=	"2" ,
year	=	"1986" ,
pages	=	"191 -198" )

@article	( MONTGOMERY&JACKSON83,
key	=	"Montgomery&Jackson83" ,
author	=	"Montgomery, A. A., & Jackson, P. L." ,
title	=	"Physical characteristics of the lips underlying vowel
lipreading performance" ,
journal	=	"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America" ,
volume	=	"73" ,
year	=	"1983" ,
pages	=	"2134-2144" )

@PhDThesis	( PARKE74,
key	= 	"parke74",
author	=       "Parke, F.I.",
title	=       "A Parametric Model for Human Faces",
school	=	"University of Utah",
year	=	"1974",
address	=	"Salt Lake City, Utah" )

@Article	( PARKE75,
key	=	"parke75",
author	=       "Parke, F.I.",
title	=       "A model for human faces that allows speech synchronized
animation",
journal	=       "Journal of Computers and Graphics",
year	=       "1975",
volume	=       "1",
number	=       "1",
pages	=       "1-4", )

@Article	( PARKE82,
key	=	"parke82",
author	=       "Parke, F.I.",
title	=       "A parameterized model for facial animation",
journal	=       "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications",
year	=       "1982",
volume	=       "2",
number	=       "9",
pages	=       "61-70", )

@inBook		( PATTERSON.LITWINOWICZ&GREENE91,
key	=	"Patterson.Litwinowicz&Greene91",
author	=	"Patterson, E.C., Litwinowicz, P.C., & Greene, N." ,
title	=	"Facial animation by spatial mapping" ,
editor	=	"N. M. Thalmann and D. Thalmann" ,
booktitle=	"Computer Animation '91",
year	=	"1991" ,
address	=	"Tokyo" ,
publisher=	"Springer-Verlag" )

@inProceedings	( PEARCE.ET.AL.86,
key	=	"Pearce.et.al.86",
author	=	"Pearce, A., Wyvill, B., Wyvill, G., & Hill, D." ,
title	=	"Speech and expression: A computer solution to face animation" ,
booktitle=	"Graphics Interface '86",
year	=	"1986" )

@inProceedings	( PENTLAND&MASE89,
key	=	"Pentland&Mase89",
author	=	"Pentland, A. & Mase, K." ,
title	=	"Lipreading: Automatic visual recognition of spoken words" ,
booktitle=	"Proc. Image Understanding and Machine Vision",
month	=	"June 12-14",
year	=	"1989" ,
publisher=	"Optical Society of America" )

@inProceedings	( PETAJAN84,
key	=	"Petajan84" ,
author	=	"Petajan, E.D." ,
fullauthor=	"Eric Petajan" ,
title	=	"Automatic lipreading to enhance speech recognition" ,
booktitle=	"Proceedings of the IEEE Communication Society Globa
Telecommunications Conference" ,
month	=	"November" ,
year	=	"1984" )

@inProceedings	( PETAJAN85,
key	=	"Petajan85" ,
author	=	"Petajan, E.D." ,
fullauthor=	"Eric Petajan" ,
title	=	"Automatic lipreading to enhance speech recognition" ,
booktitle=	"IEEE Computer society conference on computer vision
and pattern recognition" ,
month	=	"June" ,
year	=	"1985" )

@inProceedings	( PETAJAN.ET.AL.88,
key	=	"Petajan.et.al.88" ,
author	=	"Petajan, E. D., Bischoff, B., Bodoff, D., & Brooke, N. M." ,
title	=	"An improved automatic lipreading system to enhance
speech recognition" ,
booktitle=	"CHI 88",
year	=	"1988" ,
pages	=	"19-25" )

@inProceedings	( POLS&SAMPARTNERS92,
key	=	"Pols&SAMpartners92",
author	=	"Pols, L.C.W. & SAM partners" ,
title	=	"Multilingual synthesis evaluation methods",
booktitle=	"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Spoken Language Processing",
year	=	"1989" ,
address	=	"Banff, Alberta, Canad",
pages	=	"181-184" )

@TechReport	( StorkWolffLevine92,
key	=	"StorkWolffLevine92" ,
author	=	"Stork D.G., Wolff G. & Levine E." ,
title	=	"Neural Network Lipreading System for Improved Speech
Recognition" ,
institution=	"Ricoh California Research Center" ,
number	=	"CRC-TR-92-01" ,
year	=	"1992" )

@article	( TAMURA.ET.AL89,
key	=	"Tamura.et.al89" ,
author	=	"Tamura S., Kajimi, N., Okazaki, K.,
Mitsumoto, H., Kawai, H., & Fukui, Y." ,
title	=	"Lip contour extraction-complement and tracing by
using energy function and optical flow" ,
journal	=	"Papers of Technical Group on
Pattern Recognition and Understanding. I.E.I.C.E." ,
volume	=	"PRU89-20" ,
year	=	"1989" ,
pages	=	"9-16" )

@InProceedings	( TERZOPOULOUS&WATERS91,
key	=	"Terzopoulous&Waters91" ,
author	=	"Terzopoulous, D. & Waters, K." ,
title	=	"Techniques for realistic faciual modeling and animation" ,
booktitle=	"Computer Animation '91",
editor	=	"M. Thalmann & D. Thalmann",
publisher=	"Springer-Verlag",
address	=	"Tokyo",
year	=	"1991" )

@TechReport	( VOIERS67,
key	=	"Voiers67" ,
author	=	"Voiers, W.D." ,
title	=	"Performance evaluation of speech processing devices:
Diagnostic evaluation of speech intelligibility" ,
institution=	"AF Cambridge Research" ,
number	=	"Laboratories Final Report,
Contract AF19(628)-4987, AFCLR-67-0101" ,
year	=	"1967" )

@Manual		( VOTRAX81,
key	=	"VOTRAX81" ,
title	=	"User's Manual" ,
institution=	"Votrax, Div. of Federal Screw Works" ,
year	=	"1981" )

@article	( WALDEN.ET.AL.77,
key	=	"Walden.et.al.77" ,
author	=	"Walden, B., Prosek, R., Montgomery, A., Scherr, C.
K., & Jones, C. J." ,
title	=	"Effects of training on the visual recognition of consonants" ,
journal	=	"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research" ,
volume	=	"20" ,
year	=	"1977" ,
pages	=	"120-145" )

@PhDThesis	( ZERLING90,
key	=	"Zerling90" ,
author	=	"Zerling, J.P." ,
title	=	"Aspects articulatoires de la labialite vocalique en francais" ,
school	=	"Institute of Phonetics",
year	=	"1990",
address	=	"Strasburg, France" )