1. Author: Manning, Lilianne; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: National Hosp, Neuropsychology Unit, London, England. Title: Perception et imagerie mentale des couleurs chez un patient atteint d'aphasie optique. (Perception and mental imagery of colors in a patient with optic aphasia.). Source: Revue de Neuropsychologie, 1992 Dec, v2 (n4):419-434. References. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Aphasia. Occipital Lobe. Brain Damaged. Color Perception. Imagery. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Perception & mental imagery of colors, 59 yr old male with left posterior occipital lesion & optic aphasia, Spain. Abstract: Studied perception and mental imagery of colors in a patient (aged 59 yrs) with optical aphasia from a left posterior occipital lesion. The Subject was administered color vision tests, color perception tests, and color imagery tests. The tests were presented either visually or verbally and required either a verbal or a nonverbal response. The Subject's performance under these different conditions was compared. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: Manning, Lilianne; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London Goldsmiths' Coll, England. Title: Optic aphasia with spared action naming: A description and possible loci of impairment. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1992 Jun, v30 (n6):587-592. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Naming. Brain Damaged. Aphasia. Visual Perception. Case Report. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Possible loci of impairment of object naming with spared visual action naming, brain damaged male 60 yr old with optic aphasia, England, case report. Abstract: Describes a 60-yr-old male optic aphasic patient, who shows a pure and isolated deficit in naming visually presented objects on confrontation, but with sparing of visual action names. The authors show how the patient compromises some tasks related to imagery and speculate on possible loci of impairment in terms of the routes from perception to naming. They suggest that action naming may be spared in such cases because seen actions and seen objects may differ in their relationship with spoken language. The link between objects and their names may be relatively more vulnerable to visuo-perceptual disturbance while the link between actions and their names may be relatively more vulnerable to linguistic disturbance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: de Haan, Edward H.; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: Utrecht U, Netherlands. Title: A fifteen year follow-up of a case of developmental prosopagnosia. Source: Cortex, 1991 Dec, v27 (n4):489-509. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Perceptual Disturbances. Neuropsychology. Followup Studies. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Face recognition abilities & related neuropsychological functions, female 27 yr old with developmental prosopagnosia, 15 yr followup. Abstract: Presents a 15-yr follow-up of a 27-yr-old female patient with developmental prosopagnosia. Basic visuo-sensory functions were largely intact. General face perception (e.g., distinguishing between a face and a "nonface") was relatively well preserved. Recognition of familiar faces was severely impaired, and the Subject also showed problems with other face processing tasks (e.g., analysis of facial expression) and in object recognition. It is concluded that the Subject has always been poor at constructing an effective internal representation sufficient to permit recognition of items that are visually difficult to discriminate. Therefore, she may not have been able to acquire useable stored representations either, because this deficit has been present since birth. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Rosen, Sally; Solis-Macias, Victor; White, Theresa. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, England. Title: Stress in silent reading: Effects of concurrent articulation on the detection of syllabic stress patterns in written words in English speakers. Source: Language & Cognitive Processes, 1991, v6 (n1):29-47. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Articulation (Speech). Syllables. Stress. Written Language. Silent Reading. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Concurrent articulation, detection of syllabic stress patterns in written words during reading, college students, England. Abstract: Examined syllable stress within words and tested the possibility that a central articulatory device is responsible for mapping written words on a central representation that maintains aspects of syllable stress within words that are read. In Exp 1, 12 Subjects judged the stress similarity of pairs of written words. Concurrent articulation (CCA) impaired performance more than concurrent hearing. In Exp 2, 24 graduates and undergraduates marked written sentences for lexical and syllabic stress. Each Subject performed under 2 conditions: a silent condition and an activity (articulation or chewing) condition. CCA and chewing both caused performance to become less accurate than when it was performed silently, but the effects were more marked for CCA. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Wright, Helen. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, England. Title: Deafness and immediate memory for pictures: Dissociations between "inner speech" and the "inner ear"? Source: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1990 Oct, v50 (n2):259-286. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Short Term Memory. Pictorial Stimuli. Recall (Learning). Deaf. Hearing Disorders. School Age Children. Adolescence. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Speech coding in immediate memory for pictures, recall accuracy, deaf vs hearing impaired vs hearing children vs adolescents. Abstract: Examined the performance of deaf Subjects on 2 tasks of immediate memory for pictures of objects to investigate the extent of speech coding for pictures in immediate memory in a developmental context. Data from 18 young (mean age 9 yrs 9 mo) and 21 older (mean age 14 yrs 6 mo) deaf students and 22 hearing students (mean age 7 yrs 10 mo) showed that deaf Subjects did not use picture-name rhyme spontaneously as a cue to recall in a paired association task. Exp 2 investigated whether the length of the spoken name of the picture could affect recall accuracy in the deaf. 13 hearing impaired Subjects (aged 12-16 yrs) and 18 younger (aged 6-10 yrs) and 10 older (aged 13-14 yrs) hearing Subjects participated. The deaf appear to use inner speech processes in remembering pictured items to the same extent as younger hearing children. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 7. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Garwood, Jeanette; Franklin, Sue; Howard, David; and others. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: Neuropsychological studies of auditory-visual fusion illusions: Four case studies and their implications. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1990, v28 (n8):787-802. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Brain Damaged. Illusions (Perception). Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Lateral Dominance. Words (Phonetic Units). Syllables. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory visual fusion illusions of words & syllables, left or right brain damaged adults. Abstract: Examined the extent to which fusion illusions occur in the audio-visual presentation of words and syllables in 2 left- and 2 right-hemisphere brain-lesioned adults. Subjects were compared with 10 controls (aged 42-59 yrs). Findings are related to the efficiency of processing seen and heard speech in separate and combined modalities. The pattern of performance suggests left-hemisphere lateralization for the phonological integration of seen and heard speech. The putative site of such integration can be effectively isolated from unilateral and from bilateral inputs and may be driven by either modality. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Wright, Helen. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: Immediate memory in the orally trained deaf: Effects of "lipreadability" in the recall of written syllables. Source: British Journal of Psychology, 1989 Aug, v80 (n3):299-312. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Consonants. Lipreading. Memory. Syllables. Deaf. Aurally Handicapped. Written Communication. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Key phrase: Consonant "lipreadability", immediate recall of written lists of consonant vowel form syllables, orally trained born deaf adolescents. Abstract: Immediate recall of written lists was compared in 30 strictly orally trained born-deaf teenagers and in 3 age groups of 98 hearing controls. The lists were of syllables of consonant-vowel form (e.g., SHA NA ZA DA). The deaf Subjects showed a significant effect of consonant "lipreadability." Syllable lists containing consonants like D, SH and Z whose place of articulation is not visibly distinctive and which are therefore hard to lipread are less well recalled than syllable lists containing consonants like F, TH, and B, which are produced with the tongue, teeth and lips in visible configuration. Hearing Subjects showed no lipreadability effect. Reading-age matched controls (aged 8-10 yrs) showed a significantly shorter span for both list types than the deaf group. Deaf Subjects may have used a phonological code qualitatively different from that used by hearing Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 10. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: The sensory imperative: Modularity and the development of face processing in the neonate. Source: Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 1989 Feb, v9 (n1):55-59. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Neural Development. Cerebral Dominance. Face Perception. Early Experience. Neonates. Professional Criticism. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Modularity & development of face processing, neonates, commentary. Abstract: Comments that S. de Schonen and E. Mathivet (see PA, Vol 76:36031) indicated implications of the sensory imperative for the development of face processing in neonates. The present author suggests a differently organized system for looking at faces and claims that the face is prioritized because it is the most important visual stimulus for indicating social/motivational events. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 11. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Wright, Helen. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: Deafness, spelling and rhyme: How spelling supports written word and picture rhyming skills in deaf subjects. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1988 Nov, v40 (n4-A):771-788. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Verbal Ability. Spelling. Aurally Handicapped. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Language. Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Words vs pictures & spelling congruence, rhyme judgments, deaf vs hearing 5.9-16.6 yr olds. Abstract: 32 orally trained, congenitally deaf adolescents (aged 11.3-16.65 yrs) and 21 hearing, reading-age-matched control Subjects (aged 5.9-10.4 yrs) made rhyme judgments for pictures and for written words. Reading age was measured by the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability. Hearing Subjects performed the task accurately. By contrast, deaf Subjects were very poor at rhyme judgment for words and for pictures. For hearing Subjects, word rhyme judgment was more accurate when the words were congruent in their spelling pattern (e.g., bat / hat ), less accurate when the spelling pattern of the rhyming words was incongruent ( hair / bear ). Deaf Subjects showed an even more pronounced effect of spelling congruence, and spelling congruence predicted deaf Subjects' picture rhyming skills. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 12. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Garwood, Jeanette; Rosen, Stuart. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: Adding sound to lipread lists: The effects on serial recall of adding an auditory pulse train and a pure tone to silently lipread lists. Source: Memory & Cognition, 1988 May, v16 (n3):210-219. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Recall (Learning). Auditory Stimulation. Serial Learning. Stimulus Parameters. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Lipreading in silence vs with synchronous auditory pulse train &/vs auditory pure tone, serial recall, college students. Abstract: Two experiments investigated serial recall of lipread digit lists accompanied by an auditory pulse train, using 46 undergraduates. The pulse train indicated the pitch of voiced speech (buzz-speech) of the seen speaker as she was speaking. As a purely auditory signal, it could not support item identification. Such buzz-speech recall was compared with silent lipread list recall and with the recall of buzz-speech lists to which a pure tone had been added (buzz-and-beep lists). Results show no significant difference in overall accuracy of recall for the 3 types of lipread lists; however, there were significant differences in the shape of the serial recall function for the 3 list types. Recency characterized the silent and the buzz-speech lists, and these lists differed in their varying susceptibilities to a range of speechlike suffixes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 13. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: An even more interactive view . . . Source: Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 1987 Oct, v7 (n5):451-455. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Language Development. Literacy. Phonology. Professional Criticism. Reading. Alphabets. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Phonological awareness & alphabetic literacy, commentary. Abstract: Comments on the discussion by J. Morais et al (see PA, Vol 75:35331) concerning the nature of the relationship between the ability to manipulate spoken speech sounds and the ability to read. The present author points to the speech patterns of an individual as the origin of one's own phonological awareness and notes that developing sound-letter correspondences may not be strictly letter to phoneme but reflect a sensitivity to sound commonalities correlated with commonalities in letter combinations. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 14. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: One or two lexicons for reading and writing words: Can misspellings shed any light? Source: Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1987, v4 (n4):487-499. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Spelling. Lexical Access. Reading Disabilities. Writing Skills. Cognitive Processes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Consistent misspellings & use of 1 vs 2 lexicons for reading & writing, college students with reading & writing difficulties. Abstract: Words that were consistently misspelled by 2 English undergraduates who had difficulties in reading and writing were analyzed to establish whether 1 or 2 lexicons are used for reading and writing. Subjects were unable to judge whether their own consistent misspellings were the correct forms of the word, yet their ability to judge the correct forms of these misspellings was similar to that of undergraduates with no reading problems. It is argued that separate lexicons for reading and for spelling provide a better explanatory framework for Subjects' patterns of performance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 15. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths Coll, Dept of Psychology, London, England. Title: Lip-reading and the modularity of cognitive function: Neuropsychological glimpses of fractionation for speech and for faces. Source: IN: Analytic approaches to human cognition.; Jesus Alegria, Daniel Holender, Jose Junca de Morais, Monique Radeau, Eds. North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 275-289 of xv, 440 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Cognitive Processes. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) the natural ability to perceive the visible correlates of speech in mouth movements (lip-reading) provides a unique means for testing the extent to which cognitive modules may be modality driven. 16. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Dept of Psychology, London, England. Title: Speech in the head? Rhyme skill, reading, and immediate memory in the deaf. Source: IN: Auditory imagery.; Daniel Reisberg, Ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Hillsdale, NJ, US. 73-93 of xii, 274 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Imagery. Deaf. Language Development. Speech Development. Cognitive Development. Memory. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) poses the following question: how does inner speech (including the inner voice) relate to the development of alphabetic reading, to the ability to perform speech segmentation tasks and to the development of immediate verbal memory; answer this question using evidence from the deaf and from some data on normal and exceptional development of the three Rs. 17. BOOK, EDITED Author: Campbell, Ruth, ed. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Professor of Psychology, London, England. Title: Mental lives: Case studies in cognition. Source: Blackwell Publishers, Inc; Oxford, England, 1992. x, 292 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cognition. Neuropsychology. Cognitive Development. Population terms: Human. General terms: Disorders. Abstract: (from the cover) In experimental psychology, however, case studies have only recently resurfaced as a useful way of asking questions about the structure of mind. Each of the chapters in this book describes a particular real person whom the investigator believes can tell us something important about the way the human mind develops and performs.... The cases range widely over developmental subjects, such as the girl born blind and the autistic child, to elderly patients who have had strokes or other brain damage that has oddly curtailed some previously intact cognitive skills such as drawing, writing or remembering.... The aim of the book is to bring these real cases to life in a clear and relatively jargon-free way and so to illuminate how psychologists now use case-study evidence to approach central questions in cognition, such as the relation between brain structures and mental processes, and the development of cognition.... "Mental Lives" is intended for use in the early stages of an undergraduate cognitive psychology course, and will also be of use to students of developmental psychology and neuropsychology. Contents: Contributors. Introduction (by) Ruth Campbell. The girl who liked to shout in church. Simon Baron-Cohen. (Chapter record available). More than meets the eye. Linda Pring. (Chapter record available). Visual thoughts. Barbara Dodd and Judith Murphy. (Chapter record available). When language is a problem. M. Gopnik. (Chapter record available). Developmental verbal dyspraxia: A longitudinal case study. Joy Stackhouse. (Chapter record available). Developmental reading and writing impairment. Maggie Snowling and Nata Goulandris. (Chapter record available). Deaf to the meaning of words. Sue Franklin and David Howard. (Chapter record available). The write stuff: A case of acquired spelling disorder. Janice Kay. (Chapter record available). The two-legged apple. Jennie Powell and Jules Davidoff. (Chapter record available). The smiling giraffe: An illustration of a visual memory disorder. M. Jane Riddoch and Glyn W. Humphreys. (Chapter record available). Drawing without meaning? Dissociations in the graphic performance of an agnostic artist. Sue Franklin, Peter van Sommers and David Howard. (Chapter record available). Developmental memory impairment: Faces and patterns. Christine M. Temple. (Chapter record available). Face to face: Interpreting a case of developmental prosopagnosia. Ruth Campbell. (Chapter record available). Transient global amnesia. John R. Hodges. (Chapter record available). Adult commissurotomy: Separating the left from the right side of the brain. Dahlia W. Zaidel. (Chapter record available). Glossary. Author index. Patient index. Subject index. 18. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Professor of Psychology, London, England. Research sponsors: Medical Research Council, London, England. Title: Face to face: Interpreting a case of developmental prosopagnosia. Source: IN: Mental lives: Case studies in cognition.; Ruth Campbell, Ed. Blackwell Publishers, Inc, Oxford, England. 216-236 of x, 292 pp. Language: English. Pub type: Case Report. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Agnosia. Face Perception. Developmental Disabilities. Recognition (Learning). Adulthood. Case Report. Population terms: Human. Adult. Abstract: (summarized) Discusses the case history of a 25-year-old woman with developmental prosopagnosia, a difficulty in recognizing faces. (from the chapter) visual object processing; face processing (testing stage 1: structural encoding, testing stage 2: face recognition units and face familiarity, testing stage 3: knowledge of people, access to different stages impaired: covert face recognition); models of normal face processing; afterword: failing with faces, comparing cases. 19. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Psychology Dept, London, England. Research sponsors: Medical Research Council, London, England; U Oxford Pump-Priming Grant, Oxford, England; ESF Twinning Grant. Title: The neuropsychology of lipreading. Source: IN: Processing the facial image.; Vicki Bruce, A. Cowey, Andrew W. Ellis, D. I. Perrett, Eds. Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press, Oxford, England. 39-45 of vi, 132 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Neuropsychology. Lipreading. Cognitive Processes. Brain Damage. Cerebral Cortex. Visual Perception. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) lipreading presents a unique glimpse of the intersection of sensory processes with modular, cognitive ones; it therefore allows us to examine closely claims concerning the relation between input modality (i.e., visual perception) and cognitive function; consider some of the ways in which the investigation of single neuropsychological cases casts light on this; such cases show us that lipreading can dissociate from other aspects of face perception and recognition, and from auditory speech perception and reading, too; furthermore, different cognitive components of lipreading itself can be inferred from dissociations on different lipreading tasks; this leads to closer consideration of the boundaries of the necessary cognitive (and possibly anatomical) structures that subserve these functions... (discusses) two studies done several years ago; these patients (Mrs. T. and Mrs. D.) had, respectively, a left and right temporo-parieto-occipital lesion. (summarized) This chapter includes a brief discussion between the author and D. I. Perrett. 20. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth; Burden, Vivian; Wright, Helen. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Dept of Psychology, Professor, London, England. Research sponsors: Medical Research Council, London, England. Title: Spelling and speaking in pre-lingual deafness: Unexpected evidence for isolated 'alphabetic' spelling skills. Source: IN: Psychology, spelling and education. Multilingual matters.; Chris M. Sterling, Cliff Robson, Eds. Multilingual Matters, Ltd, Clevedon, England. 185-199 of xii, 298 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Spelling. Reading. Deaf. Phonology. High School Students. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Abstract: (from the chapter) describe some aspects of what is known about how deaf people spell words; describe some experiments that suggest that born-deaf school-leavers (aged 16-18 years) can use letter-sound correspondences in their spelling and reading in a very similar way to reading-age-matched controls. 21. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Goldsmiths' Coll, Dept of Psychology, London, England. Title: Lipreading, neuropsychology, and immediate memory. Source: IN: Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory.; Giuseppe Vallar, Tim Shallice, Eds. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, US. 268-286 of xiii, 524 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Perception. Short Term Memory. Aphasia. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) speech therapists often observe that aphasic patients seem to be very reliant on seeing the speaker; despite this, and despite the obvious relevance of this observation to remediation, there is little in the neuropsychological literature on aphasics that relates to the ability to lip-read; what sort of help should one expect lip-reading to provide for the patient; in particular, is it feasible to ask whether impairments in auditory-verbal processing may dissociate depending on whether the patient can only hear the speaker or can see and hear him; I shall discuss, first, ways of accommodating lipreading to the perception of auditory speech and, second, some aspects of lipreading in immediate memory. 22. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Peng, Catherine Yee-Yuen; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U Oxford, Dept of Psychology, Oxford, England. Research sponsors: Economic & Social Research Council, London, England; Wolfson Coll Travel Grant, Oxford, England; U Oxford Pump-Priming Grant, Oxford, England. Title: Different forms of face-knowledge impairment. Source: IN: Developments in clinical and experimental neuropsychology.; John R. Crawford, Denis M. Parker, Eds. Plenum Press, New York, NY, US. 167-181 of viii, 338 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face Perception. Brain Damage. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) prosopagnosia as a failure to recognise faces; prosopagnosia as a failure to process face meanings... face recognition and face expression judgement in two patients (aged 26 and 36)... brief review of the current opinions concerning prosopagnosia. 23. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U of Oxford, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, England. Research sponsors: European Science Foundation Twinning Grant. Title: Cognitive neuropsychology. Source: IN: Growth points in cognition. International Library of Psychology.; Guy Claxton, Ed. Routledge, London, England. 153-172 of xiii, 235 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Neuropsychology. Cognitive Processes. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) where psychology and neurology meet... beyond disconfirmation: cognitive neuropsychology can make theories explicit... double dissociation of function: things, names, objects... faces: more arguments from dissociation... functional and anatomical localisation; keeping the differences clear... left-brain; right-brain... right hemisphere reading... left-right differences in one (visual) function. 24. BOOK, EDITED Author: Dodd, Barbara, ed.; Campbell, Ruth, ed. Affiliation: Macquarie U, Speech & Language Research Ctr, North Ryde, NSW, Australia. Title: Hearing by eye: The psychology of lip-reading. Source: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; London, England, 1987. x, 268 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Perception. Cognitive Processes. Visual Perception. Memory. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the introduction) If the contributions to this book have a common theme, it is that lip-reading is not epiphenomenal to normal speech processing; when it is missing, speech processing can go awry in a number of ways. In detailing the circumstances in which this happens, we learn more of the nature of auditory speech processes and are consequently less dismissive of the importance of lip-reading as a cognitive function.... It is a sampler of some current approaches that, by looking at lip-reading from a fresh point of view, have discovered fresh things to say about a range of cognitive processes and their development. Contents: Introduction. Part I: Lip-reading and speech perception: Theoretical perspectives. Some preliminaries to a comprehensive account of audio-visual speech perception. Quentin Summerfield. (Chapter record available). Speech perception by ear and eye. Dominic W. Massaro. (Chapter record available). Part II: Experimental investigations of lip-reading. Audio-visual speech perception and selective adaptation. M. Roberts. (Chapter record available). Easy to hear but hard to understand: A lip-reading advantage with intact auditory stimuli. Daniel Reisberg, John McLean and Anne Goldfield. (Chapter record available). Psychological parameters of lip-reading skill. Lorraine Gailey. (Chapter record available). Part III: Lip-reading in language development. The development of phonology in the blind child. Anne E. Mills. (Chapter record available). The acquisition of lip-reading skills by normally hearing children. Barbara Dodd. (Chapter record available). Lip-reading, phonological coding and deafness. Barbara Dodd. (Chapter record available). Lip-reading in the prelingually deaf. Kay Mogford. (Chapter record available). Part IV: Cognitive processes: The perspective from lip-reading. The cerebral lateralization of lip-reading. Ruth Campbell. (Chapter record available). Lip-reading: Implications for theories of short-term memory. Susan E. Gathercole. (Chapter record available). Lip-reading and immediate memory processes or on thinking impure thoughts. Ruth Campbell. (Chapter record available). Author index. Subject index. 25. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U of Oxford, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, England. Title: The cerebral lateralization of lip-reading. Source: IN: Hearing by eye: The psychology of lip-reading.; Barbara Dodd, Ruth Campbell, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, London, England. 215-226 of x, 268 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Cerebral Dominance. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) presents preliminary evidence concerning the cerebral localization of lip-reading in hearing people. 26. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U of Oxford, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, England. Title: Lip-reading and immediate memory processes or on thinking impure thoughts. Source: IN: Hearing by eye: The psychology of lip-reading.; Barbara Dodd, Ruth Campbell, Eds. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, London, England. 243-255 of x, 268 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Recall (Learning). Auditory Stimulation. Phonology. Deaf. Visual Stimulation. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) reviews research dealing with the recall of lip-read stimuli, as compared with the recall of heard and graphically presented stimuli, in immediate memory... phonology is remembering heard, lip-read and read lists... accessing the phonological trace: silent articulation or mouthing... patterns of immediate memory in the prelingual deaf. 27. BOOK CHAPTER Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U of Oxford, Dept of Experimental Psychology, Oxford, England. Title: Common processes in immediate memory: Precategorical acoustic storage and some of its problems. Source: IN: Language perception and production: Relationships between listening, speaking, reading and writing. Cognitive science series.; Alan Allport, Donald G. MacKay, Wolfgang Prinz, Eds. Academic Press, Inc, London, England. 131-150 of xiii, 497 pp. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Short Term Memory. Human Information Storage. Oral Communication. Auditory Stimulation. Population terms: Human. Abstract: (from the chapter) three aspects of a revised PAS (precategorical acoustic storage) theory are tested and found wanting... lipread and silently articulated speech gestures; precategorical speech representation; auditory recency and suffix effects; pseudo-homophones of number words... auditory recency and suffix effects in immediate recall. 28. Author: Dodd, Barbara; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: Macquarie U, School of English & Linguistics, North Ryde, Australia. Title: "Serial recall of static and dynamic stimuli by deaf and hearing children" by McGurk & Saqi: Critical comments. Source: British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1986 Nov, v4 (n4):311-313. 10 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Short Term Memory. Graphical Displays. Lipreading. Sign Language. Professional Criticism. Children. Aurally Handicapped. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Lipread vs graphic vs signed stimuli, short term memory, deaf children, comments on article by H. McGurk & S. Saqi. Abstract: Comments on a study by H. McGurk and S. Saqi (see PA, Vol 74:7752) that tested some of the conclusions by the present authors and colleagues (see PA, Vol 71:18101) concerning deaf children's short-term memory for lip-read, graphic, and signed stimuli. Issues considered include movement of stimulus features, recency effects, and the nature of the code used by deaf children in lip-reading. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 29. Author: Butterworth, Brian; Campbell, Ruth; Howard, David. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: The uses of short-term memory: A case study. Special Issue: Human memory. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1986 Nov, v38 (n4-A):705-737. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Dyslexia. Aphasia. Pronunciation. Syntax. Comprehension. Short Term Memory. Case Report. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Mispronunciation detection & multisyllabic word reproduction & syntactic analysis & memory & comprehension, 23 yr old female with developmental phonological dyslexia & dysgraphia, case report. Abstract: Reports on the ability of a 23-yr-old woman diagnosed as having developmental phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia to detect mispronunciations (as a direct indicator of her capacity for accurate input phonemic registration) and to reproduce rare multisyllabic words (as a test of the intactness of her phonemic output capacity). Subject was tested on tasks requiring syntactic analysis, memory, and comprehension of long, complex material. She was unimpaired on syntactic analysis and comprehension but not on sentence repetition. Data were consistent with 2 hypotheses: (1) that intact phonological processing is necessary for normal short-term memory performance and (2) that the Subject would show abnormal and poorer performance on all 6 tests than 15 matched controls, and that she would be particularly poor in maintaining constituent order information for use in recall and comprehension of sentences. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 30. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U Oxford, England. Title: The lateralization of lip-read sounds: A first look. Source: Brain & Cognition, 1986 Jan, v5 (n1):1-21. 56 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Cerebral Dominance. Visual Field. Tachistoscopic Presentation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Field of presentation & task type of speech sound, matching of still lip face photograph to heard speech sound & reporting of sound made by seen face, college students, UK. Abstract: Conducted 2 tachistoscopic studies on the lateralization of lip-read still photographs in normal right-handed Subjects. In Study 1, 16 18-30 yr old undergraduates matched a still lip photograph with a heard speech sound. A clear right-hemisphere (left visual field (LVF)) advantage emerged, despite the phonological requirements of this task. This pattern of laterality failed to interact with the type of response (same-different) or with the status of the heard phoneme; both consonant and vowel matching showed the same pattern of LVF advantage, despite the significantly greater difficulty of consonant than vowel matching in this particular task. In Study 2, 20 undergraduates were required to speak the sound they saw being spoken by a centrally displayed face photograph. The displayed face was chimeric (i.e., one side of the face was seen saying one sound, one side another, resulting in a rather complex pattern). A clear expressor asymmetry emerged; speech sounds were judged more accurately when they issued from the right side of the speaker's face. However, only the LVF was accurate in reporting chimeric face sounds correlated with speed in learning to lip-read, suggesting that the LVF is systematically involved even when task demands do not, at 1st sight, suggest that they should be. Findings suggest that the right hemsiphere could support some aspects of the processing of seen speech in normally hearing, normally lateralized individuals. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 32. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: When children write nonwords to dictation. Source: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1985 Aug, v40 (n1):133-151. 17 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Spelling. Verbal Stimuli. Childhood. Adulthood. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Nonword spelling & biasing, 9-11 yr olds vs college students. Abstract: Investigated skill in written spelling of simple, monosyllabic nonwords in 43 3rd- and 4th-yr students (aged 9.1-11.4 yrs), 16 4th-yr students tested 2 yrs later, and 20 undergraduates in English schools. The latter 2 groups served as controls. Two aspects of their spelling were studied: whether Subjects could spell the nonwords so that they sounded correct (nonword spelling accuracy) and whether their spellings showed evidence of biasing from words heard earlier in the test sequence. Nonword spelling was poorer for children than for adults. Nevertheless, significant biasing occurred in children's spelling but not to the same extent as in adults' nonword spellings, and significant correlations emerged between reading age, nonword spelling skill, susceptibility to biasing, and real-word spelling skill. Children with a reading age greater than 11 yrs showed biasing from word spelling that was within the range of that reported for adults, and, for these more skilled readers, word spelling accuracy correlated significantly with both susceptibility to biasing and with nonword spelling accuracy. These Subjects were not as accurate as the adults at spelling nonwords. Children with a reading age below 11 yrs were poorer at nonword spelling and showed no overall biasing, yet they also showed a significant correlation between word spelling skill and nonword biasing. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 33. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Butterworth, Brian. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Phonological dyslexia and dysgraphia in a highly literate subject: A developmental case with associated deficits of phonemic processing and awareness. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1985 Aug, v37A (n3):435-475. 50 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Phonetics. Language Disorders. Reading Skills. Spelling. Memory. Case Report. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Deficit in phonological processing abilities, performance on reading & spelling & immediate memory tasks, 21 yr old female college student. Abstract: Describes some aspects of reading and writing in a 21-yr-old female university graduate who had unusual difficulty in reading and spelling nonwords. No cerebral trauma was indicated, and Subject performed at above average levels on standard tests of reading, spelling, and cognitive ability. Only digit span was significantly impaired. Although auditory phoneme discrimination was normal, Subject performed poorly on aural tasks, such as rhyme judgment and homophone matching that required awareness of phonemic structure, and she was impaired at segmenting heard words into their component sounds. Tests of immediate memory confirmed abnormal span and indicated a failure to use normal phonological coding in immediate recall. It is suggested that a deficit in phonological processing underlay the Subject's impaired performance on tasks of reading, spelling, and immediate memory. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 34. Author: Dodd, Barbara; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: Macquarie U, Speech & Language Research Ctr, North Ryde, Australia. Title: Non-modality specific speech coding: The processing of lip-read information. Source: Australian Journal of Psychology, 1984 Aug, v36 (n2):171-179. 18 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Perception. Human Information Storage. Words (Phonetic Units). Visual Displays. Auditory Stimulation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory/lipread vs auditory/graphic presentation of word lists, processing of lipread & heard speech vs graphic information. Abstract: Two experiments investigated the nature of the code in which lip-read speech is processed. In Exp I, 20 normal volunteers repeated words presented with lip-read and masked auditory components out of synchrony by 600 msec. In 1 condition the lip-read input preceded the auditory input, and in the 2nd condition the auditory input preceded the lip-read input. Direction of the modality lead did not affect the accuracy of report. Unlike the auditory/graphic letter matching investigated by L. E. Wood (see PA, Vol 52:256), the processing code used to match lip-read and auditory stimuli was insensitive to the temporal ordering of the input modalities. In Exp II, 24 Subjects were presented with 2 types of lists of color names. In one list some words were heard, and some were read while the other list consisted of heard and lip-read words. When asked to recall words from only 1 type of input presentation, Subjects confused lip-read and heard words more frequently than they confused heard and read words. Results indicate that lip-read and heard speech share a common, nonmodality-specific, processing stage that excludes graphically presented phonological information. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 35. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Coltheart, Max. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Gandhi: The nonviolent road to spelling reform? Source: Cognition, 1984 Aug, v17 (n3):185-192. 7 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Orthography. Spelling. England. Errors. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Similarity to English word, prediction of misspelling, college students, England. Abstract: 57 English undergraduate students studying in London consistently misspelled "Gandhi" as "Ghandi" despite intensive exposure to the correct spelling of the name. This is seen as an exemplary misspelling in a number of ways, and these are outlined in the paper. It is shown that statistical similarity to English predicts the misspelling but that statistical similarity to English cannot override "rule-making" pressures in spelling pseudo-Indian names, for "Ghandi" spellers also spelled the pseudo-name "Ghalgi," while "Gandhi" spellers did not, and this spelling is not predicted by statistical similarity alone. It is concluded that even with minuscule lexical knowledge of "Indian" words and names, English readers use "rules" in such tasks. This suggests that once a correct spelling has been achieved it will be maintained, for new rules (presumably) replace old ones. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 36. Author: Dodd, Barbara; Hobson, P.; Brasher, Jane; Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: Macquarie U, Speech & Language Research Ctr, North Ryde, Australia. Title: Deaf children's short-term memory for lip-read, graphic and signed stimuli. Source: British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1983 Nov, v1 (n4):353-364. 30 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Short Term Memory. Recall (Learning). Lipreading. Serial Position Effect. Stimulus Presentation Methods. Articulation (Speech). Childhood. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Presentation of lip-read vs graphic vs signed stimuli, serial ordered recall, deaf 11-18 yr old good vs bad articulators vs normal hearing 12-16 yr olds. Abstract: In Exp I, 14 deaf and 14 normally hearing boys (ages 13-16 yrs) exhibited more recency in their recall of lip-read lists (LRLs) of digits than in their recall of graphically presented lists, indicating that such recency effects are not restricted to auditory perception or processing. Exp II studied the effects of phonological and nonphonological suffixes on 10 deaf good articulators' and 10 deaf poor articulators' (ages 11-18 yrs) recall of LRLs. The 2 groups performed identically, and whereas the phonological suffix impaired end-of-list recall, it did not affect recency. In Exp III, 10 deaf and 10 hearing Subjects (ages 12-16 yrs) exhibited enhanced accuracy of end-of-list recall for moving, as compared with static, hand signs. It is concluded that deaf and hearing Subjects did not differ in the way they remembered the visual stimuli presented, and that LRLs were coded phonologically by deaf Subjects, regardless of their articulatory skill. Further, movement features made an important contribution to enhanced recency effects in the recall of visually presented lists for both deaf and hearing Subjects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 37. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Dodd, Barbara; Brasher, Jane. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: The sources of visual recency: Movement and language in serial recall. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1983 Nov, v35A (n4):571-587. 19 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Serial Learning. Recall (Learning). Recency Effect. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Sequential ordering of stimulus features, recency effect in serial recall of visually-presented lists, 12.4-16 & 17-38 yr olds. Abstract: Examined, in 4 experiments, the importance of movement--the sequential ordering of stimulus features--in producing recency in the ordered serial recall of visual lists. In Exp I with 10 Subjects, aged 12 yrs 5 mo to 16 yrs, the written recall of handsigns produced more recency when they were seen moving than when they were still. In Exp II with 21 17-38 yr olds, number lists presented as moving bar figures showed more recency that numbers that were displayed in the normal way with all features displayed simultaneously. Exp III, with 34 undergraduates, showed that the order in which features of abstract shape were displayed could, itself, determine recency. However, Exp IV, with 16 18-30 yr olds, showed that still lip pictures of speech sounds generated more recency than letters representing those speech sounds. It is concluded that movement of stimulus features need not account for the extensive recency advantage in remembering lipread lists. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 38. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Watson, David. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Visual laterality in two reading-related tasks. Source: British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1983 Sep, v1 (n3):209-219. 37 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lateral Dominance. Reading Ability. Phonics. Spelling. Sentence Comprehension. Reading Skills. Childhood. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Sentence classification & phonic spelling & unilateral letter naming, 9 yr old mixed reading ability students. Abstract: 19 English 9-yr-olds from a single mixed-ability class were given 2 reading-related tasks: a task that required spelling nonsense words to dictation (phonic spelling) and a written sentence classification task. Visual laterality (unilateral letter naming) was also tested. Significant intercorrelations emerged between performance on the phonic spelling task, susceptibility to homophones in the reading task and right visual field (RVF) letter naming. Reading ability also correlated with these scores. However, when reading ability was partialled out of the correlations, the significant relation between laterality and phonic spelling persisted. Performance on a (control) sentence classification task, while correlating with reading ability, failed to correlate with phonic spelling or with susceptibility to homophones in the reading task or with RVF scores. It is concluded that the mastery of reading involves a multiplicity of skills, only one of which (phonic skill) can be reliably related to cerebral lateralization. Findings may help resolve conflicting proposals on the relation between lateralization and reading skill. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 39. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Writing nonwords to dictation. Source: Brain & Language, 1983 May, v19 (n1):153-178. 27 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Words (Phonetic Units). Spelling. Phonetics. Dyslexia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Prior listening to words, subsequent spelling of nonword, college students vs male with surface dyslexia. Abstract: Investigated whether lexical events can influence the spelling of nonwords. In Exp I, 20 undergraduates listened to a list composed of words and nonwords and wrote down the nonwords. In Exp II, 28 Subjects completed the same task, but spelling and timing were different. Results show that the spelling of a nonword was influenced by the spelling of a word heard earlier. This was a robust effect, and inspection of the pattern of results suggests that under these conditions both words and nonwords were lexically analyzed. In Exp III, a male patient with an acquired reading disorder characterized as surface dyslexia was unaffected by such lexical influences in his spelling of nonwords. Moreover, his spelling suggested a defective ability to generate phonemically acceptable spellings of nonwords. Taken together with other reports of neurologically caused spelling impairments, these results suggest that skill at assigning letters to sounds never becomes independent of lexical skill in adult readers. An analogical, lexically based parsing system for the reading and spelling of new nonwords appears to be the best fit to these data. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 40. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Dodd, Barbara. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Some suffix effects on lipread lists. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1982 Sep, v36 (n3):508-514. 6 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Verbal Learning. Interference (Learning). Recall (Learning). Lipreading. Articulation (Speech). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Lipread vs protruding tongue vs heard suffix, lipread number recall, college students. Abstract: Investigated the effects of a lip-read (silent) and a protruding tongue suffix, as well as a heard suffix, on lip-read number recall; Subjects were 15 undergraduates. Only a heard suffix specifically disturbed lip-read recency; the lip-read suffix exerted an effect through the list with no recency specific detriment, and the tongue suffix reduced primacy. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 41. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: The lateralisation of emotion: A critical review. Source: International Journal of Psychology, 1982 Jun-Sep, v17 (n2-3):211-229. 88 references. Language: English. Pub type: Literature Review; Review. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Literature Review. Cerebral Dominance. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Emotions. Key phrase: Lateralization, emotion, literature review. Abstract: Reviews recent experimental investigations on patients with unilateral brain lesions and on neurologically intact people in order to delineate the effects of lateralization on emotion. Distinctions are drawn between the perception of emotion (mood), the expression of emotion, and the interaction of these 2 factors. In spite of contradictory findings, and despite the interaction of structural and cognitive factors in some studies, there are some robust findings. The right hemisphere seems to be specially involved in tasks requiring emotional analysis, particularly when the tone of the displayed emotion is negative. The right hemisphere, too, appears to be particularly involved in displaying some negative emotions. Findings indicate that emotion can affect lateralization of affective and nonaffective processes. In particular, making an Subject sad may increase or decrease his/her ability to use the right hemisphere. Also, expressive facial actions appear to be laterally displayed and may reflect a special role of the right hemisphere in mediating displayed emotion. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 42. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Asymmetries in moving faces. Source: British Journal of Psychology, 1982 Feb, v73 (n1):95-103. 36 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Face (Anatomy). Lateral Dominance. Motion Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Movement type & viewing conditions, facial movement judgments, college students. Abstract: 102 right-handed undergraduates viewed a series of 16 frontally displayed moving faces and reported which side of each face appeared to move more when the faces were seen (a) speaking and (b) performing face exercises (making faces). The left-of-face was judged more mobile than the right at making faces, while there was no asymmetry in the judged movement of speaking faces. Viewing conditions (mirror-reversed or normal orientation) affected judgments of exercising faces but not of speaking faces. There was a leftward bias in judgments of exercising faces, so that a greater left preference was obtained when viewing mirror-reversed rather than normally oriented faces. Results are interpreted with reference to explanations of asymmetries in facial expression and to notions of cerebral lateralization. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1982 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 43. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Besner, Derek. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: THIS and THAP--constraints on the pronunciation of new, written words. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 1981 Nov, v33A (n4):375-396. 34 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Articulation (Speech). Verbal Stimuli. Phonetics. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Pronunciation of nonwords beginning with "Th", 18-55 yr olds, test of phonological dual process theory. Abstract: Investigated the pronunciation of nonwords that begin with "Th" in lists and sentences in 4 experiments with 108 18-55 yr old British undergraduates and faculty members. Findings are inconsistent with the current dual process theory of the routes from print to sound, which implies that the phonology of a new word or nonword can be derived only from a form of letter-sound correspondence that is independent of lexical/syntactic pressures. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1982 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 44. Author: Campbell, Ruth; Dodd, Barbara. Affiliation: U Reading, England. Title: Hearing by eye. Source: Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1980 Feb, v32 (n1):85-99. 30 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Short Term Memory. Comprehension. Recall (Learning). Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Asynchrony between speech & lip movements, short term coding & recall of lip read information, hearing Subjects. Abstract: Three experiments with 46 Subjects investigated the nature of short term coding of lip read (LR) information in hearing Subjects. The 1st experiment used asynchronous visual and auditory information and showed that an Subject's ability to repeat words, when heard speech lagged lip movements, was unaffected by the lag duration, both quantitatively and qualitatively. This suggests that LR information is immediately recoded into a durable code. An experiment on serial recall of LR items showed a serial position curve containing a recency effect (characteristic of auditory input). It was then shown that an auditory suffix diminishes the recency effect obtained with LR stimuli. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that seen speech, that is not heard, is encoded into a durable code that has some shared properties with heard speech. Results of the serial recall experiments are inconsistent with interpretations of the recency and suffix effects in terms of precategorical acoustic storage, for they demonstrate that recency and suffix effects can be supramodal. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1981 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 45. Author: Campbell, Ruth. Affiliation: U London, Birbeck Coll, England. Title: Asymmetries in interpreting and expressing a posed facial expression. Source: Cortex, 1978 Sep, v14 (n3):327-342. 34 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Field. Lateral Dominance. Pictorial Stimuli. Facial Expressions. Visual Perception. Handedness. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Chimeric face paradigm & cerebral lateralization of O, perception of feature distortion in facial expressions, right handed 17-35 yr olds. Abstract: Used a chimeric face paradigm in 2 experiments to investigate the effects of observer lateralization on perception of feature distortion. In Exp I, 24 17-35 yr old right-handed Subjects viewed pairs of (a) chimeric faces with a half-smile on either the left (c-left) or right (c-right) side and (b) mirror images of the same photos and were asked to note which faces looked happier. Results show that Subjects significantly preferred c-left faces in both conditions; the effect was significantly greater for pictures of men than of women, and the preference was greater for pictures of both men and women under the mirror condition. In Exp II, 24 17-40 yr olds (handedness not determined) viewed 9 pairs of smiling and nonsmiling faces constructed from symmetric chimeras of the sitter's left or right sides and were asked which member of each pair showed the most emotion (happy or sad). Subjects showed a significant preference for composite faces constructed from the left half of the face. Results indicate that the increased preference for c-left in the mirror condition of Exp I was due to expressor asymmetries; Subjects judged the expression on a face as more extreme when it derived from the left half. Results of both studies suggest that the impression of a smile on a "chimeric" half-smiling face is dominated by the viewer's left visual field. Lateralization of both interpretation and expression of a smile are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1980 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved).