Search request: F TW VISUAL SPEECH Search result: 95 citations in the PsycINFO database Display: 1-LAST LONG ABS 1. Author: Lyxell, Bjorn; Ronnberg, Jerker; Andersson, Jan; Linderoth, Eva. Affiliation: Linkoping U, Sweden. Title: Vibrotactile support: Initial effects on visual speech perception. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1993, v22 (n3):179-183. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Tactual Stimulation. Lipreading. Deaf. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vibrotactile support, speech perception & word discrimination & decoding, deaf vs hearing adults. Abstract: Investigated the initial effects of the implementation of vibrotactile support on the individual's speech perception ability. 16 adults with an acquired deafness and 16 adults with normal hearing participated in the study. Results indicate no immediate and direct improvement as a function of the implementation across all speech perception tests. However, when the Subjects were divided into skilled and less skilled groups, based on their performance in the visual condition of each test, the performance of the skilled Subjects deteriorated while that of the less skilled Subjects improved when tactile information was provided in word-discrimination and word-decoding conditions. Intercorrelations between discrimination and decoding tasks suggest that there are similarities between visually and tactilely supported speechreading in how they relate to sentence-based speechreading. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 2. Author: de Filippo, Carol L.; Clark, Catherine. Affiliation: Rochester Inst of Technology, National Technical Inst for the Deaf, NY, US. Title: Use of ambiguous visual stimuli to demonstrate the value of acoustic cues in speech perception. Source: Journal of Communication Disorders, 1993 Apr, v26 (n1):29-51. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Cues. Speech Perception. Partially Hearing Impaired. Deaf. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Use of acoustic cues in audiovisual perception of speech, adults with moderate or severe or profound hearing loss. Abstract: Evaluated a set of English phrases and sentences in a minimal-pairs syllable-test format for assessing use of acoustic cues in the audiovisual perception of speech. Test items that were not rejected in preliminary studies with 20 hearing-impaired adults and 30 normal-hearing adults were categorized as acceptable or ideal. An acceptable item was visually confusable but auditorally distinct compared to its foil; an ideal item was, in addition, tactilely distinct. Performance on the 16 acceptable items was analyzed for 27 adults with moderate, severe, or profound hearing loss. Results obtained with the new protocol were consistent with conventional assessment results in all but 4 cases. The new protocol is useful for evaluating clients whose English language competence may interfere with demonstrating their auditory skill. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 3. Author: Siegel, Gerald M.; Clay, John L.; Naeve, Susan L. Affiliation: U Minnesota, Minneapolis, US. Title: The effects of auditory and visual interference on speech and sign. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1992 Dec, v35 (n6):1358-1362. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Noise Effects. Visual Perception. Motor Performance. Sign Language. Speech Characteristics. Auditory Stimulation. Hand (Anatomy). Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Noise & visual obstruction, distance of hand from body during signing & vocal intensity, hearing 23-41 yr olds. Abstract: 12 hearing adults (aged 23-41 yrs) produced signed and spoken monologs under conditions of quiet or 80 db SPL of noise and with their vision unobstructed or obstructed. Their signs were videotaped, and a random sample of 24 frames was analyzed in each condition through a computer program that determined the overall distance of the hand from a marker placed on the signer's torso. Vocal intensity was digitized from the tape recordings and analyzed by computer for 1 min of continuous speech in each condition. The visual obstruction had no effect either on the distance of the signs or on the vocal intensity of their speech. Subjects increased vocal intensity by about 55% when the noise was introduced, but the noise had no effect on the distance of the signs. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 4. Author: de Gelder, Beatrice; Vroomen, Jean. Affiliation: Tilburg U, Netherlands. Title: Abstract versus modality-specific memory representations in processing auditory and visual speech. Source: Memory & Cognition, 1992 Sep, v20 (n5):533-538. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Serial Learning. Recall (Learning). Visual Stimulation. Auditory Stimulation. Verbal Stimuli. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Serial recall of lipread vs auditory vs audiovisual memory lists with vs without verbal suffix, recency effect & disruption by suffix, college students, Netherlands. Abstract: Examined serial recall of lip-read, auditory, and audiovisual memory lists with and without a verbal suffix in 133 1st-yr Dutch students. Recency effects were the same in the 3 presentation modalities. The disrupting effect of a suffix was largest when it was presented in the same modality as the list items. Results suggest that abstract linguistic as well as modality-specific codes play a role in memory for auditory and visual speech. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 5. Author: Behari, M.; Rao, P. S.; Verman, A. Affiliation: All India Inst of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Ctr, New Delhi, India. Title: Attenuated late positivity in the visual evoked potential in aphasia induced by lesions in anterior speech area. Source: Neuropsychobiology, 1992, v25 (n2):83-86. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Evoked Potentials. Aphasia. Brain Damaged. Frontal Lobe. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Attenuated late positivity in visual EPs, 20-58 yr olds with aphasia induced by anterior speech area lesions. Abstract: Seven anterior aphasics (aged 20-58 yrs), 7 age- and sex-matched nonbrain-damaged neurological patients, and 7 age- and sex-matched normal controls were tested for their visual evoked potentials. Aphasics showed an attenuation of the long latency positivity related to interest in the stimulus, compared with normal and patient controls. The attenuation may indicate the Subject's failure to signal communicative intention. Thus, the attenuated positivity may be a physiological correlate of a behavioral state (aphasia) induced by brain lesions. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 6. DISSERTATION Author: Fisher, Brian D. Affiliation: U California, Santa Cruz, US. Title: Integration of visual and auditory information in perception of speech events. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1991 Dec, v52 (n6-B):3324. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Distraction. Visual Stimulation. Auditory Stimulation. Speech Perception. Syllables. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Influence of visual distractor in integration of visual & auditory information in perception of syllables, adults. 7. Author: Arends, Nico; Povel, Dirk-Jan; Van Os, Edward; Michielsen, Sjef; and others. Affiliation: Catholic U Nijmegen, Nijmegen Inst for Cognition Research & Information Technology, Netherlands. Title: An evaluation of the Visual Speech Apparatus. Source: Speech Communication, 1991 Nov, v10 (n4):405-414. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Apparatus. Speech Development. Deaf. Visual Displays. Computer Assisted Instruction. Preschool Students. Primary School Students. Partially Hearing Impaired. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Visual Speech Apparatus, speech training, prelingually deaf 4-7 yr olds, Netherlands. Abstract: Evaluated the Visual Speech Apparatus (VSA) as a visual aid for speech training of hearing-impaired children (aged 4-7 yrs) during a whole school year. 22 children were trained using the VSA, whereas the 16 control children received the regular speech lessons. The performance of Subjects in the experimental group was measured with a specially developed VSA test. Subjects trained with the VSA obtained significantly higher scores on those subtests that assess the acquisition of basic speech skills, such as voice control and vowel production than did the control Subjects. The young Subjects especially benefited from the training with the VSA. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1992 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 8. Author: Ayres, Joe. Affiliation: Washington State U, US. Title: Using visual aids to reduce speech anxiety. Source: Communication Research Reports, 1991 Jun-Dec, v8 (n1-2):73-79. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Displays. Speech Anxiety. Public Speaking. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual aids in public speech, anxiety, college students. Abstract: Examined whether using visual aids in a public speech, delivered from manuscript, was related to lower levels of anxiety. Subjects were 90 undergraduates who were generally apprehensive about communicating. Subjects who used a visual aid reported a lower state of anxiety than those who did not. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1993 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 9. DISSERTATION Author: Khaldieh, Salim A. Affiliation: Ohio State U, US. Title: The role of phonological encoding (speech recoding) and visual processes in word recognition of American learners of Arabic as a foreign language. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1991 Jun, v51 (n12-A, Pt 1):4045. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Foreign Language Learning. Phonology. Word Recognition. Orthography. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Phonological encoding/speech recoding & visual processes & orthography, word recognition, American learners of Arabic as foreign language. 10. Author: Stone, Maureen. Affiliation: NIH Dept of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bethesda, MD, US. Title: Imaging the tongue and vocal tract. Special Issue: The visual representation of speech. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1991 Apr, v26 (n1):11-23. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Roentgenography. Tomography. Ultrasound. Tongue. Vocalization. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: X-ray vs computed tomography vs MRI vs ultrasound for imaging of tongue & vocal tract. Abstract: Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of 4 imaging techniques (X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound) that are currently used in speech research. Five observations about the tongue derived from imaged ultrasound data are given. First, tongue shape and tongue position interact for vowels, and not for consonants. Second, the tongue is not a single articulator with a flexible tip. Its lengthwise movements are produced by several semi-independent segments that create multiple shapes. Third, the cross-sectional tongue can be divided into segments that move semi-independently. Fourth, pivoting occurs both sagittally and coronally, especially in rapidly alternating movements. Finally, the coronal pivot creates coronal asymmetry. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 11. Author: Hardcastle, W. J.; Gibbon, F. E.; Jones, W. Affiliation: U Reading, England. Title: Visual display of tongue-palate contact: Electropalatography in the assessment and remediation of speech disorders. Special Issue: The visual representation of speech. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1991 Apr, v26 (n1):41-74. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Displays. Diagnosis. Speech Disorders. Speech Therapy. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Electropalatography in assessment & remediation of speech disorders & evaluation of therapy. Abstract: Recent developments in hardware and software design of the Reading electropalatograph are described, and applications of electropalatography (EPG) in assessment and remediation of a variety of speech disorders are outlined. In assessment, it is shown that EPG can provide insights into possible origins of auditorily perceived errors, and case descriptions illustrate how this information can lead to a more rationalized approach to treatment. In therapy, the provision of real-time visual feedback of tongue movement can be effective in remediating certain types of intractable speech problems. The importance of techniques such as EPG in the objective evaluation of treatment procedures is discussed in light of the increasing demand for accountability within the speech therapy service. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 12. Author: Keller, Eric; Vigneux, Patrick; Laframboise, Martine. Affiliation: U Quebec, Lab de Neuropsychologie Cognitive, Montreal, Canada. Title: Acoustic analysis of neurologically impaired speech. Special Issue: The visual representation of speech. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1991 Apr, v26 (n1):75-94. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Computer Assisted Diagnosis. Phonetics. Speech Disorders. Neurology. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Computer based acoustic phonetic analysis of neurologically impaired speech. Abstract: The acoustic phonetic analysis of neurogenically disordered speech permits considerable insights into the detailed nature and possible origin of such disorders. Representative results obtained with a concise speech protocol, comprising spontaneous speech, diadochokinesis, phoneme distinction, rhythm, and intonation, are illustrated. Disorders at the supralaryngeal, laryngeal, and durational levels are distinguished. This noninvasive technique reveals aspects of speech disorders that are difficult or impossible to perceive auditorily. This research is part of a general computer-based diagnostic approach presently under development. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 13. Author: Ball, Virginia. Affiliation: U London, University Coll, England. Title: Computer-based tools for assessment and remediation of speech. Special Issue: The visual representation of speech. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1991 Apr, v26 (n1):95-113. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Computer Assisted Diagnosis. Visual Feedback. Voice. Deaf. Larynx. Auditory Perception. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Electrolaryngography, visual feedback & quantitative assessment of voice fundamental frequency control & auditory training, profoundly & postlingually deafened adults. Abstract: Describes work with the electrolaryngograph (more commonly called the laryngograph) as a visual feedback device and as a tool for assessing voice fundamental frequency control in profoundly and postlingually deafened adults. A rehabilitation program is outlined, highlighting the roles of quantitative assessment and visual feedback. Some specific examples of the program's auditory training exercises are provided. General protocols for quantitative assessment and work with visual feedback are formulated. Although these are based on experience with the laryngograph, they are at least partially applicable to other devices such as visispeech, visipitch, and the pitch display on the speech viewer. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 14. Author: Woodard, Marion. Affiliation: Hosps for Sick Children, London, England. Title: The use of diacritics for visual articulatory behaviours. Special Issue: The visual representation of speech. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1991 Apr, v26 (n1):125-128. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Phonetics. Articulation (Speech). Speech Disorders. Alphabets. Speech Therapy. Preschool Age Children. Language Delay. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Diacritics & symbols of International Phonetic Alphabet, description of visual articulatory behaviors, 3 yr old female with tracheostomy & 3.5 yr old male with language delay & articulatory dyspraxia. Abstract: Proposes the use of a set of symbols related to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and diacritics for the description and notation of articulatory behaviors that can be perceived visually, but that have no effect on the perceived auditory quality of phonemes produced. It is suggested that the use of such symbols will clarify clinical analysis of speech patterns. Examples of clinical usage are given for a 3.5-yr-old boy presenting with delay of receptive and expressive language, emotional problems, and articulatory dyspraxia, and for a 3-yr-old girl with a long-term tracheostomy. (French & German abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 15. Author: Povel, Dirk-Jan; Arends, Nico. Affiliation: Catholic U Nijmegen, Netherlands. Title: The Visual Speech Apparatus: Theoretical and practical aspects. Source: Speech Communication, 1991 Feb, v10 (n1):59-80. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Man Machine Systems Design. Visual Displays. Speech Development. Computer Assisted Instruction. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Speech acquisition & structural description & problems in development of visual speech training aid & features of Visual Speech Apparatus, deaf children. Abstract: Discusses issues in the speech acquisition of the deaf child and proposes a structural description of a viable visual speech training aid for the deaf. A visual aid for speech training is a device that encodes the acoustic signal, yielding relevant speech characteristics that are recoded in a suitable visual form. Consequently, a visual aid consists of 3 components, which fulfill the following functions: filtering, displaying, and norm introduction. The extent to which each component is successfully developed determines the ultimate efficiency of the aid. The problems met at different stages of development are discussed. A visual speech apparatus is described, including hardware aspects, software aspects, a functional description, displays, and a curriculum for teaching speech. (German & French abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 16. Author: Lyxell, Bjorn; Ronnberg, Jerker. Affiliation: Linkoping U, Sweden. Title: Visual speech processing: Word-decoding and word-discrimination related to sentence-based speechreading and hearing-impairment. Source: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1991, v32 (n1):9-17. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Word Recognition. Lipreading. Partially Hearing Impaired. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Word decoding & discrimination & sentence based speechreading, hearing impaired adults. Abstract: Tested 2 aspects of visual speech processing in speechreading: word decoding (WDE) and word discrimination (WDI) among 24 normal hearing and 20 hearing-impaired persons. WDE and WDI performance were independent of factors related to the impairment, both in a quantitative and a qualitative sense. DE skill was associated with sentence-based speechreading. Results were interpreted such that, to represent a critical component process in sentence-based speechreading, the visual speech perception task must entail lexically induced processing as a task demand. The theoretical status of the WDE task as 1 operationalization of a speech DE module was discussed. An error analysis of performance in the word decoding/discrimination tasks suggested that the perceptions of heard stimuli and lipped stimuli were critically dependent on the same feature: the temporally initial phonetic segment of the word. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 17. Author: Kricos, Patricia; Lesner, Sharon; Lazarus, Gloria. Affiliation: U Florida, Gainesville, US. Title: Influence of visual information on speech assessment with hearing-impaired children. Source: Volta Review, 1990 Sep, v92 (n5):213-222. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Oral Communication. Partially Hearing Impaired. Teachers. Evaluation. Elementary School Students. Videotapes. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Visual information, teacher's speech assessment, hearing impaired 9-11 yr olds. Abstract: Examined the influence of visual information on teachers' speech assessments (SAs) of 3 hearing-impaired children (aged 9-11 yrs). Subjects were presented with 12 3-syllable sentences and were evaluated using D. Ling's (1976) phonetic level speech evaluation procedures. There were 2 types of evaluation conditions. In the audio-only condition, teachers listened to speech samples and rated them as either correct or incorrect. In the audio-video condition, teachers listened to and watched videotapes. Judgments of SA were influenced by availability of visual information. Considerable variability in the effect of visual information on SA judgments was noted among the Subjects and the teachers. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 18. DISSERTATION Author: Sharma, Dinkar. Affiliation: U Reading, England. Title: Effects of attention on audio-visual speech. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1990 Aug, v51 (n2-B):1022. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Attention. Visual Perception. Speech Perception. Intersensory Processes. Auditory Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Attention, integration of auditory & visual aspects of speech, adults. 19. DISSERTATION Author: Rosenblum, Lawrence D. Affiliation: U Connecticut, US. Title: Effort perception of speech and nonspeech events: An audio-visual investigation. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1990 Mar, v50 (n9-B):4256. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Perception. Loudness Perception. Intersensory Processes. Energy Expenditure. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speaker effort in audiovisual presentation, loudness judgment, adults. 20. Author: Walden, Brian E.; Montgomery, Allen A.; Prosek, Robert A.; Hawkins, David B. Affiliation: Walter Reed US Army Medical Ctr, Army Audiology & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC, US. Title: Visual biasing of normal and impaired auditory speech perception. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1990 Mar, v33 (n1):163-173. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Partially Hearing Impaired. Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Intersensory Processes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual biasing of auditory stop consonant perception, hearing impaired adults. Abstract: Two experiments attempted to clarify the role of hearing impairment in susceptibility to visual biasing (VB) in auditory speech perception. 14 computer-generated acoustic approximations of consonant-vowel syllables forming a /ba-da-ga/ continuum were presented for labeling as 1 of 3 exemplars, via audition alone and in synchrony with natural visual articulations of /ba/ and /ga/. Labeling functions generated for each test condition showed the percentage of different consonant-vowel syllable responses to each synthetic syllable. In Exp 1, 15 hearing-impaired (HI) adults showed more susceptibility to VB from visual cues than did 15 normal-hearing Subjects. Results of Exp 2, with 15 HI adults, suggest that HI persons may develop a propensity to rely on visual cues as a result of long-term impairment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 21. Author: Morris, Neil; Jones, Dylan M. Affiliation: Wolverhampton Polytechnic, School of Health Sciences, England. Title: Habituation to irrelevant speech: Effects on a visual short-term memory task. Source: Perception & Psychophysics, 1990 Mar, v47 (n3):291-297. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Short Term Memory. Habituation. Oral Communication. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Habituation to irrelevant speech, short term memory, college students. Abstract: A. D. Baddeley and G. J. Hitch's (1974) formulation of short-term working memory embodied a phonological store within the articulatory loop component of the model. Later formulations specifically postulated an acoustic filter that endowed only speech-like stimuli with obligatory access (OA) to this phonological store. A study with 48 university students studied possible habituation (HB) to irrelevant speech (IRS) through this filter. Subjects were presented with an HB period comprising 20 min of IRS, which they were to ignore, before a test phase in which a visually presented serial recall task with concurrent IRS was performed. Results provide evidence that the proposed filter is subject to HB and can therefore attenuate the entry of IRS, thus undermining the OA assumption. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 22. DISSERTATION Author: Busacco, Debra A. Affiliation: Columbia U, NY, US. Title: The effects of age on the benefit derived from visual cues in auditory-visual speech recognition by the hearing-impaired. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Apr, v49 (n10-B):4211. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cues. Speech Perception. Sentence Comprehension. Partially Hearing Impaired. Age Differences. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory-visual speech recognition performance, hearing impaired 42 vs 72 yr olds. 23. DISSERTATION Author: Eskwitt, Donna L. Affiliation: New York U, US. Title: Auditory and visual cues in speech perception: An investigation of the McGurk effect in normal and hearing impaired listeners. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1989 Feb, v49 (n8-B):3083. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Speech Perception. Aurally Handicapped. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory vs visual cues, McGurk effect in speeck perception, hearing impaired adults. 24. Author: Green, Kerry P.; Kuhl, Patricia K. Affiliation: U Washington, Child Development & Mental Retardation Ctr, Seattle, US. Title: The role of visual information in the processing of place and manner features in speech perception. Source: Perception & Psychophysics, 1989 Jan, v45 (n1):34-42. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Stimulation. Speech Perception. Auditory Stimulation. Articulation (Speech). Intersensory Processes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory with vs without visual information, processing of place of articulation & voice onset time in speech perception, college students. Abstract: Examined whether feature interactions occurred when place of articulation information was specified by a combination of auditory and visual information presented to 8 undergraduates. Results demonstrate that the voicing boundary for the auditory-visual tokens was located at a significantly longer voice onset time (VOT) value than the voicing boundary for the auditory continuum presented without the visual information. Findings from 3 follow-up experiments with 60 Subjects show that (1) the voicing boundary is not shifted in the absence of a change in the global percept, even when discrepant auditory-visual information is presented; (2) the number of response alternatives does not affect the categorization or the VOT boundary of the auditory-visual stimuli; and (3) the original effect of a VOT boundary shift is not replicated when Subjects are forced by instruction to relabel the auditory stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 25. Author: Gosy, Maria. Affiliation: Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Nyelvtudomanyi Intezete, Budapest, Hungary. Title: A vizualis eszleles hatasa a beszedpercepciora. / The effect of visual perception on speech perception. Source: Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle, 1989, v45 (n5):465-481. References. Language: Hungarian. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Speech Perception. Lipreading. White Noise. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: White noise masking &/or visual presentation of speaker's lip movements &/or word tables, speech perception, college students, Hungary. Abstract: Studied the role of visual perception in speech perception, using logatoms (meaningless sound sequences of 2-syllable words). Human Subjects: 40 normal Hungarian college and university students. Five experiments were conducted with 8 Subjects each. Two tables each containing 30 logatoms were used. The logatoms were transferred to magnetic tape, and facial (lip) movements that a speaker made while verbalizing the logatoms were videotaped. The logatoms were selectively masked by white noise. Subjects repeated the logatoms after hearing the taped logatoms from the 1st table with or without a noise (perception hampering); simultaneously seeing the speaker's lip movements with or without using the 2nd table of logatoms (hearing and seeing the same words or different words simultaneously); and writing words (nonspoken words) and comparing them with another series of taped words. Results concerning auditory and visual perception, normal communication parameters, speech recognition and identification, and the process of decoding speech are presented. (English & Russian abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1991 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 26. Author: Post, Robert M.; Altshuler, Lori L. Affiliation: NIMH Biological Psychiatry Branch, Bethesda, MD, US. Title: Impact of visual cues on extreme pressure of manic speech: Preliminary observations and report of two cases. Source: Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, & Behavioral Neurology, 1988 Fall, v1 (n3):229-232. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Stimulation. Mania. Speech Characteristics. Stimulus Deprivation. Case Report. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Deprivation of visual input by closing eyes vs other methods, extreme pressure of speech, manic female 38 & 55 yr olds, case reports. Abstract: Describes 2 female patients (aged 38 and 55 yrs) whose extreme pressure of manic speech ceased when they closed their eyes. This response appeared selective to deprivation of visual input, since it did not occur when the Subjects followed other commands, but did when their eyes were passively covered by the investigator. The selectivity of the response was lost when the Subjects improved and their manic speech became less incessant and frenetic. These observations parallel those in animals, where blindfolding, but not deafening, has been shown to inhibit amphetamine-induced stereotypy in cats. The implications of these clinical observations and the possible biochemical and anatomical substrates for this effect are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 27. Author: Jackson, Pamela L. Affiliation: Northern Illinois U, De Kalb, US. Title: The theoretical minimal unit for visual speech perception: Visemes and coarticulation. Special Issue: New reflections on speechreading. Source: Volta Review, 1988 Sep, v90 (n5):99-115. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Phonology. Verbal Comprehension. Visual Perception. Oral Communication. Vowels. Consonants. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Visual characteristics of vowels & consonants, visual perception of spoken language, implications for aural rehabilitation. Abstract: Discusses the visual characteristics of vowels and consonants and suggests that for diagnosis and treatment, understanding the features of speech that contribute to visual speech perception is critical for being able to predict perceptual confusions, to describe errors, and to order those errors hierarchically to provide the sequence for auditory or visual receptive training at an analytical level. The visual analog of the auditory unit phoneme is the viseme or speechreading movements, which is defined as any recognizable visual motor pattern usually common to two or more speech sounds. Specific viseme groupings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 28. Author: Youdelman, Karen; MacEachron, Marian; Behrman, Marie. Affiliation: City U New York, Ctr for Research in Speech & Hearing Services, US. Title: Visual and tactile sensory aids: Integration into an ongoing speech training program. Source: Volta Review, 1988 May, v90 (n4):197-207. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Therapy. Educational Audiovisual Aids. Tactual Stimulation. Deaf. Teaching Methods. Aurally Handicapped. High School Students. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Key phrase: Integration of visual & tactile sensory aids in speech training program, profoundly hearing impaired high school students. Abstract: Investigated the integration of visual and tactile sensory aids in a speech training program for 20 profoundly hearing-impaired high school students. A systematic curriculum for remediating inappropriate pitch was administered by 8 speech teachers. Findings indicate that Subjects showed marked improvement in pitch following implementation of the curriculum, with Subjects using the curriculum in conjunction with a visual display showing the most progress. Results suggest that teachers gained experience and confidence in working with pitch problems while becoming more knowledgeable and enthusiastic about the benefits of incorporating visual and tactile sensory aids into daily speech training. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 29. Author: Kimble, Charles E.; Musgrove, Jeffrey I. Affiliation: U Dayton, OH, US. Title: Dominance in arguing mixed-sex dyads: Visual dominance patterns, talking time, and speech loudness. Source: Journal of Research in Personality, 1988 Mar, v22 (n1):1-16. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Human Sex Differences. Assertiveness. Speech Characteristics. Arguments. Eye Contact. Interpersonal Communication. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Dominance. Key phrase: Sex & assertiveness, visual dominance & talking time & speech loudness while arguing, college students. Abstract: To examine the effects of sex and assertiveness on dominance behaviors (visual dominance, talking time, and speech loudness) while arguing, 64 mixed-sex pairs of undergraduates were videotaped as they argued an issue. One member of each pair had been judged to be assertive or nonassertive on the basis of scores on the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Analysis indicated that assertive Subjects talked louder and more than nonassertive Subjects and that men talked louder and more frequently than women. Men also talked first in most dyads. No significant relationship was found between either assertiveness and visual dominance patterns (VDPs) or sex and VDPs. However, while speaking, women looked more at their partners than did men. Findings are compared with those of previous research on the behavior of men and women in same- and mixed-sex dyads and groups in structured and unstructured discussion situations. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 30. Author: Ruoss, Manfred; Eyferth, Klaus. Affiliation: Technische U Berlin, Inst fur Psychologie, Fed Rep Germany. Title: Bedingungen fur visuelle Ruckmeldung im Sprechtraining Gehorloser. (Conditions of visual feedback in speech training for the deaf.). Source: Psychologische Rundschau, 1988 Jan, v39 (n1):27-38. References. Language: German. Pub type: Literature Review; Review. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Biofeedback. Imagery. Partially Hearing Impaired. Literature Review. Speech Therapy. Population terms: Human. Key phrase: Speech visualization as biofeedback technique in speech therapy, hearing impaired, literature review. Abstract: Reviews the literature on speech visualization as a biofeedback technique in speech therapy for the hearing impaired. Topics include: (1) typical speech production mistakes that undermine the intelligibility of deaf speakers, (2) evaluation of speech intelligibility, (3) strategies for visualizing speech signals, (4) the inadequacy of visual feedback procedures used to date, and (5) recommendations for future research. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1990 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 31. Author: O'Neill, John J.; Brandy, William T.; Deck, John W. Affiliation: U Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, US. Title: Performance of elderly hearing-impaired clients: Tests of social interaction and auditory, visual, and auditory-visual reception of speech. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1988, v21:91-98. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Social Interaction. Oral Communication. Partially Hearing Impaired. Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Words (Phonetic Units). Aged. Sentences. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Elderly. Key phrase: Performance on tests of social interaction & tests of auditory &/vs visual perception of words & sentences, hearing impaired 58-81 yr olds. Abstract: Investigated the relationship between performance on 4 tests of social interaction (the Affective Communication Test, the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA), the Predisposition Toward Verbal Behavior, and the Social Activities Scale) and performance on tests of auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual perception of words and sentences (CID Everyday Sentences Test and the Semi-Diagnostic Test). 12 hearing-impaired individuals (aged 58-81 yrs) served as Subjects. Significant correlations were found among the PRCA and the 3 modes of speech perception. The tests of word perception figured in more significant correlations than the tests of sentence perception. Results indicate that low communicative apprehensiveness was associated with high scores on the 3 modes of perception of words. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 32. Author: Cowan, Nelson; Barron, Alexander. Affiliation: U Missouri, Columbia, US. Title: Cross-modal, auditory-visual Stroop interference and possible implications for speech memory. Source: Perception & Psychophysics, 1987 May, v41 (n5):393-401. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stroop Effect. Intersensory Processes. Color Perception. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Oral Communication. Memory. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory presentation of color vs other words during visual color naming task, Stroop interference, college students, implications for speech memory. Abstract: 32 undergraduates attempted to name as rapidly as possible a sequence of colors presented either in the form of color words or as strings of Xs. During the task, Subjects heard 1 of 5 presentations over earphones, including a random series of spoken color words, repetition of the word "the," repetition of the alphabet, part of a sonata, or silence. Results reveal the presence of cross-modal interference, indicating that Subjects could not prevent the processing of irrelevant, spoken color words. Spoken color words interfered substantially with performance, there was no effect from spoken noncolor words or music, and interference from spoken and written color words was additive. Findings support a description of processing in which multiple verbal items enter a prespeech buffer and a selection mechanism examines buffer items in parallel. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 33. Author: Kliorin, A. I.; Alyakrinskii, V. V. Affiliation: S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Leningrad, USSR. Title: Visual perception of spoken speech by normally hearing individuals differing in physical constitution type. Source: Human Physiology, 1987 Mar-Apr, v13 (n2):96-106. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Lipreading. Somatotypes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual perception of spoken speech in silent films, students differing in physical somatotypes. Abstract: Investigated visual perception (VP) of spoken speech (i.e., lip-reading) in 182 students with various undetermined physical somatotypes. Subjects watched silent films of speakers pronouncing separate phrases of 3 or 4 words; they subsequently recorded the words they had recognized. Results indicate that the highest VP scores were obtained by Subjects with muscular somatotypes. It is suggested, however, that differences in VP may have been due to both constitutional and individual factors. Also, the effectiveness of a special verbal instruction prior to the lipreading task differed significantly in Subjects of different constitutional types. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1989 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 34. DISSERTATION Author: Olson, Janet S. Affiliation: U Pittsburgh. Title: A study of the relative effectiveness of verbal and visual augmentation of rate-modified speech in the presentation of technical material. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1986 Mar, v46 (n9-A):2670-2671. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Compressed Speech. Teaching Methods. Comprehension. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Verbal vs visual augmentation of rate-modified speech in presentation of technical material, comprehension, graduate students. 35. Author: Massaro, Dominic W.; Thompson, Laura A.; Barron, Brigid; Laren, Elizabeth. Affiliation: U California, Program in Experimental Psychology, Santa Cruz. Title: Developmental changes in visual and auditory contributions to speech perception. Source: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1986 Feb, v41 (n1):93-113. 26 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Age Differences. Lipreading. Visual Perception. Childhood. Adolescence. Adulthood. Experimental Replication. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Visual influence & lipreading ability, 2.4-6.8 vs 16-32 yr olds, replication of work by D. W. Massaro. Abstract: Investigated whether children are poorer lip-readers than adults and whether there is a positive correlation between lip-reading ability and the visual influence given bimodal speech. 40 children, aged 2 yrs 5 mo to 6 yrs 10 mo, and 11 16-32 yr old adults were tested in 3 experiments with both auditory and visual sources and were also required to identify speech events on the basis of only the visual source. In addition to replicating the previous findings of the 1st author (see PA, Vol 72:9208) in the bimodal situation, the present findings indicate that children are poorer lip-readers than adults. A positive correlation was observed between lip-reading ability and the size of the visual contribution to bimodal speech perception. A fuzzy logical model of speech perception provides a good quantitative description of the results even with the assumption that the visual information was equivalent in both the bimodal and lip-reading conditions. Results also contradict the categorical perception of speech events and any nonindependence in the evaluation of auditory and visual information in speech perception. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 36. DISSERTATION Author: McCombs, Richard P. Affiliation: U Washington. Title: An investigation of auditory-visual perceptual transformations in a bimodal speech task. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1986 Jan, v46 (n7-B):2252-2253. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Intersensory Processes. Speech Perception. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Mismatched auditory & visual information, speech perception, Subjects with normal hearing & vision. 37. Author: Balas, Robert F.; Sievert, Amy J.; Day, Mary A.; Koss, Kim M. Affiliation: U Wisconsin, School of Communicative Disorders, Stevens Point, US. Title: Phonological analysis of deaf speech using auditory-visual samples: A clinical report. Source: Journal of the Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1986, v19:65-70. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech and Hearing Measures. Hearing Disorders. Case Report. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual supplement to phoneme speech assessment procedure, 21 yr old male with profound hearing impairment, case report. Abstract: Describes the use of a visual assessment procedure to supplement the typical phoneme assessment of the speech of a profoundly hearing-impaired 21-yr-old male, as part of the ongoing diagnostic process during communication training. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 38. DISSERTATION Author: Cohen, Michael M. Affiliation: U California, Santa Cruz. Title: Processing of visual and auditory information in speech perception. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1985 Jul, v46 (n1-B):330-331. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Vowels. Visual Displays. Auditory Stimulation. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual information matched with synthesized auditory formation, speech perception of vowels, Os. 39. DISSERTATION Author: Will, Craig A. Affiliation: U California, San Diego. Title: Representations for the visual communication of speech. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1985 Jun, v45 (n12-B, Pt 1):3984. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Speech Perception. Visual Displays. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Communication. Key phrase: Representations for visual communication of speech, deaf. 40. DISSERTATION Author: Voss, John M. Affiliation: U Waterloo, Canada. Title: The effect of private speech on attention and visual-motor integration in hyperactive children. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1985 Apr, v45 (n10-B):3356. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Hyperkinesis. Attention. Perceptual Motor Coordination. Childhood. Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Private speech, attention & visual-motion integration, hyperactive children. 41. Author: Shelton, Ivy S.; Garves, Mary M. Affiliation: Sevier County Special Learning Ctr, Sevierville, TN. Title: Use of visual techniques in therapy for developmental apraxia of speech. Source: Language, Speech, & Hearing Services in Schools, 1985 Apr, v16 (n2):129-131. 8 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Phonemes. Speech Therapy. Sign Language. Apraxia. Speech Disorders. Preschool Age Children. Case Report. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Signed target phoneme & traditional therapy, acquisition of target phonemes, 5 yr old male with developmental apraxia of speech. Abstract: Presents the case of a 5-yr-old boy diagnosed as having developmental apraxia of speech. Signed target phoneme therapy (STP) was used in conjunction with traditional therapy methods. Preliminary results using this technique indicate a positive relationship between application of STP procedures and a more rapid acquisition of target phonemes. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 42. DISSERTATION Author: Rigo, Thomas G. Affiliation: Florida State U. Title: The relationship between the visual contribution to speech perception and lipreading ability during focused and divided attention. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1985 Mar, v45 (n9-B):2860-2861. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Divided Attention. Lipreading. Selective Attention. Speech Perception. Visual Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Focused vs divided attention, visual contribution to lipreading ability & speech perception, normal hearing adults. 43. Author: Jackman, Michael K. Affiliation: Polytechnic of Central London, School of Social Sciences & Business Studies, England. Title: The recognition of tachistoscopically presented words, varying in imagery, part of speech and word frequency, in the left and right visual fields. Source: British Journal of Psychology, 1985 Feb, v76 (n1):59-74. 45 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Field. Word Frequency. Imagery. Words (Phonetic Units). Tachistoscopic Presentation. Form Classes (Language). Cerebral Dominance. Cognitive Discrimination. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Tachistoscopic presentation, recognition of words varying in imagery vs part of speech vs frequency, 18-30 yr old right vs left handed college students. Abstract: Previous research has yielded conflicting findings when Subjects have performed a task involving words varying in imagery, part of speech (nouns vs verbs), and word frequency presented to the left and right visual fields. In Exp I of the present study, 46 18-22 yr old students rated 308 words for imagery and part of speech. Nouns tended to be of higher imagery than verbs. Exps II and III investigated the effects of imagery and part of speech on recognition performance using different sets of words; Subjects were 50 right-handed male (Exp II) and 50 male and female (Exp III) students (aged 18-30 yrs). A quasi- F analysis revealed no significant effects of either variable. When the data were combined, imagery had an equal effect in both visual fields. Exp IV investigated the effect of frequency on report from the 2 visual fields; Subjects were 24 right-handed Subjects. The effect of frequency was larger in the right than in the left visual field. It is concluded that this effect is reliable across both new Subjects and new words--if a sufficiently large sample is used. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 44. Author: Sannomiya, Machiko. Affiliation: Naruto U of Teacher Education, Faculty of School Education, Japan. Title: The effect of suppressing subvocal speech on text processing during auditory and visual presentation. Source: Japanese Psychological Research, 1985, v27 (n1):41-44. 6 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Subvocalization. Visual Stimulation. Auditory Stimulation. Cognitive Processes. Childhood. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Suppression of subvocal speech, text processing during auditory vs visual presentation, 6th graders. Abstract: Presented a text either auditorily or visually with or without suppression of subvocal speech to 48 6th graders. Subjects in the suppressed condition were instructed to chew gum during presentation of the text to suppress subvocalization. Following presentation of the text, 20 test items were presented audiovisually, and Subjects answered them in writing. Results indicate that there was no modality difference in the nonsuppressed condition; however, auditory superiority was observed in the suppressed condition with regard to test performance. It is concluded that only visual text processing depends on subvocal speech. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 45. Author: Strauss, Esther H.; Wada, Juhn; Kosaka, Brenda. Affiliation: U Victoria, Canada. Title: Visual laterality effects and cerebral speech dominance determined by the carotid Amytal test. Source: Neuropsychologia, 1985, v23 (n4):567-570. 19 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Epilepsy. Speech Development. Cerebral Dominance. Speech and Hearing Measures. Visual Field. Adolescence. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Adult. Key phrase: Speech dominance & visual half field task performance, 13-56 yr old epileptic patients. Abstract: Administered a verbal/visual half-field task to 41 epileptic patients (aged 13-56 yrs) whose speech dominance had been ascertained using the carotid Amytal test, in order to examine the association between cerebral speech representation and performance on the visual half-field task. Subjects with left-hemisphere speech dominance, like the 12 normal controls (aged 23-56 yrs), tended to show a right visual field effect, whereas Subjects with atypical speech patterns showed a bias in favor of the left visual field. Results suggest that in this sample of Subjects with medically refractory seizures, visual laterality measures were linked to cerebral asymmetry. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1986 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 46. DISSERTATION Author: Landell, Ann H. Affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology. Title: A study of the relationship between visual disembedding ability and speech perception in noise. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1984 Nov, v45 (n5-B):1575. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Cognitive Ability. Speech Perception. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Perception. Adolescence. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Key phrase: Visual disembedding ability, perception of speech embedded in noise, 9th graders. 47. Author: Massaro, Dominic W. Affiliation: U California, Program in Experimental Psychology, Santa Cruz. Title: Children's perception of visual and auditory speech. Source: Child Development, 1984 Oct, v55 (n5):1777-1788. 36 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Stimulation. Auditory Stimulation. Perceptual Development. Age Differences. Speech Perception. Childhood. Adulthood. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Adult. Key phrase: Videotaped visual stimulus, identification of synthetic speech syllables, 4.8-6.8 vs 18-38 yr olds. Abstract: In Exp I, 11 children (aged 4 yrs 9 mo to 6 yrs 9 mo) and 11 18-38 yr old Subjects identified speech events that consisted of synthetic speech syllables ranging from /ba/ to /da/ combined with a videotaped /ba/, /da/, or no articulation. Results show that both variables (visual and auditory information) influenced the speech perception judgments of both groups of Subjects. When results were tested with current quantitative models, both preschool and adult Subjects had available continuous and independent sources of information. Using a fuzzy logical model of perception, which assumes that the perceiver integrates continuous and independent sources of information and determines the relative goodness of match to prototype definitions in memory, less of an influence of the visual information for preschool relative to adult Subjects was found. In Exp II, 8 preschool Subjects from Exp I were used to test the possibility that these Subjects simply attended less to the visual source. Subjects were required to indicate whether or not the speaker's mouth was moving. Results were identical to those in Exp I, eliminating the attentional explanation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1985 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 48. Author: Raney, Lynne; Dancer, Jesse E.; Bradley, Robert. Title: Correlation between auditory and visual performance on two speech reception tests. Source: Volta Review, 1984 Apr, v86 (n3):134-141. References. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Auditory Perception. Speech Perception. Articulation (Speech). Intersensory Processes. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory & visual performance in speech processing, 18-30 yr olds, implications for aural rehabilitation. Abstract: Investigated the correlation between auditory and visual performance measures in a speech-in-noise task (auditory only) and a speechreading task (visual only) in 30 normal-hearing Subjects (aged 18-30 yrs) presented with sentence lists. Analysis showed no significant correlation between scores from the 2 modalities, indicating that knowledge of a person's ability to understand speech in 1 system provides little information about the same person's ability to understand speech in the other. The independence of the auditory and visual systems in processing unimodal speech signals suggests that a phase of separate as well as integrated training might be needed in the aural rehabilitation process. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1988 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 49. Author: Massaro, Dominic W.; Cohen, Michael M. Affiliation: U California, Program in Experimental Psychology, Santa Cruz. Title: Evaluation and integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception. Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 1983 Oct, v9 (n5):753-771. 39 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Visual Perception. Auditory Perception. Adulthood. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Integration of visual & auditory information, speech perception, college students. Abstract: Three experiments with 21 undergraduates investigated the evaluation and integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception. In the 1st 2 experiments, Subjects identified / ba / or / da / speech events consisting of high-quality synthetic syllables ranging from / ba / to / da / combined with a videotaped / ba / or / da / or neutral articulation. Although Subjects were specifically instructed to report what they heard, visual articulation made a large contribution to identification. The tests of quantitative models provided evidence for the integration of continuous and independent, as opposed to discrete or nonindependent, sources of information. The RTs for identification were primarily correlated with the perceived ambiguity of the speech event. In a 3rd experiment, the speech events were identified with an unconstrained set of response alternatives. In addition to / ba / and / da / responses, the / bda / and / tha / responses were well-described by a combination of continuous and independent features. Results provide strong evidence for a fuzzy logical model of perceptual recognition. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 50. Author: Fries, Alfred. Affiliation: Bayerische-Julius-Maximilians-U Wurzburg, West Germany. Title: Sprachstorung und visuelle Wahrnehmungstatigkeit. / Speech disorders and the act of visual perceiving. Source: Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 1983 May-Jun, v32 (n4):132-141. Language: German. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Speech Handicapped. School Age Children. Childhood. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Visual perception, speech handicapped 1st graders. Abstract: Administered the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception to 81 speech-handicapped and 50 normal 1st graders. Handicapped Subjects showed significantly lower performance than controls on eye motor coordination, figure-ground perception, and constancy of shape. No between-group differences were observed for the perception of position in space and spatial relationships. Among the speech-handicapped group, stutterers obtained the best results. Implications for therapy for speech-handicapped children are discussed. (2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1984 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 51. Author: Searle, C. L. Affiliation: Massachusetts Inst of Technology. Title: Speech perception from an auditory and visual viewpoint. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychology, 1982 Sep, v36 (n3):402-419. 25 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Peripheral auditory system & speech perception. Abstract: Processing in the peripheral auditory system of the human ear profoundly alters the characteristics of all acoustic signals impinging on the ear. Some of the 1st-order properties of this peripheral processing are now reasonably well understood: Humans see a heavily overlapped set of filters, with increasingly broader bandwidths at high frequencies, which results in good spectral resolution at low frequencies and good temporal resolution at high frequencies. Results of an examination of speech and music by this system are discussed. An attempt is then made to synthesize several papers on auditory and visual psychophysics, and to speculate on auditory-signal processing analogous to visual-color processing. Several simplified auditory representations of speech are proposed. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 52. Author: Anderson, Rita E. Affiliation: Memorial U of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada. Title: Speech imagery is not always faster than visual imagery. Source: Memory & Cognition, 1982 Jul, v10 (n4):371-380. 16 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Human Information Storage. Practice. Imagery. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Efficiency of visual vs speech imagery rehearsal of verbal sequences vs object arrays, college students. Abstract: Studied mental imagery by examining the use of speech and visual imagery processes in the serial mental rehearsal of common verbal sequences (e.g., letters of the alphabet) and familiar object arrays (objects found in familiar rooms). In 5 experiments, 92 college students were told to name or mentally visualize objects and then complete a questionnaire assessing perceived task difficulty, use of verbal and visual/shape codes, and the qualitative nature of the verbal and visual images. Rehearsal mode, target class, and test blocks were varied. Rehearsal rates and self-reports were consistent with the hypothesis that mental rehearsal efficiency is a function of the compatibility of characteristics of the rehearsal material and rehearsal mode. While verbal sequences were rehearsed faster under speech than under visual imagery conditions, object arrays were rehearsed as fast under visual as under speech imagery conditions. In addition, evidence was found that covert verbal rehearsal is faster than overt verbal rehearsal under some circumstances. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 53. Author: Maki, Jean E.; Gustafson, Marianne S.; Conklin, John M.; Humphrey-Whitehead, Brenda K. Affiliation: Andrews U Speech & Hearing Clinic. Title: The speech spectrographic display: Interpretation of visual patterns by hearing-impaired adults. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1981 Nov, v46 (n4):379-387. 12 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Displays. Partially Hearing Impaired. Speech Characteristics. Speech and Hearing Measures. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech Spectrographic Display interpretation, evaluation of speech production defects, hearing impaired adults with mean age of 20.2 yrs. Abstract: A pattern interpretation task was given to 10 hearing-impaired adults (mean age 20 yrs 2 mo) who viewed selected Speech Spectographic Display (SSD) patterns from hearing-impaired speakers, evaluated the accuracy of speech production, and identified the SSD visual features used. Results show that Subjects could use SSD patterns to evaluate speech production. For those pattern interpretation errors that occurred, most were related either to phonetic/orthographic confusions or to misconceptions concerning production of speech. It is suggested that in a clinical setting, the ability to evaluate speech production could assist students in understanding the task and taking an active role in their own speech evaluation. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1982 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 54. DISSERTATION Author: Seewald, Richard C. Affiliation: U Connecticut. Title: The interrelationships among auditory sensitivity, auditory, visual and auditory-visual speech reception and speech intelligibility in children. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1981 Jul, v42 (n1-B):131. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Perception. Speech Perception. Visual Perception. Speech Characteristics. Speech Development. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Auditory sensitivity & auditory & visual speech reception, speech intelligibility, school age children. 55. REPORT Author: Johnson, Richard F. Title: Effects of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) armor on the gross body mobility, psychomotor performance, speech intelligibility, and visual field of men and women. Source: US Army Natick Research & Development Laboratories: Technical Report, 1981 May TR-, v81/031:194. 11 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Army Personnel. Apparatus. Human Sex Differences. Safety. Perceptual Motor Coordination. Motor Performance. Speech Characteristics. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Explosive ordnance disposal armor, mobility & psychomotor performance & speech intelligibility, male vs female 19-23 yr old US Army personnel. Abstract: Examination of 4 explosive ordnance disposal suits worn by 6 male and 6 female US Army enlisted personnel (aged 19-23 yrs) indicated that 2 of the suits allowed superior mobility, psychomotor performance, and speech intelligibility. No sex differences in ability to operate within the suits were found. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1982 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 56. Author: Butina, Milan. Title: Vizualni govor in verbalni govor kot osnova likovnega govora. / Visual speech and verbal speech as basis for speech in the fine arts. Source: Anthropos, 1981, v4-6:378-384. 12 references. Language: Slovene. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Verbal Communication. Arts. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual perception & verbal speech as basis for speech in fine arts. Abstract: Visual perception is interpreted as a kind of internal dialog between the conscious and the visible world. The environment influences visual speech by directing it through the use of language to the socially significant functions of objects, thereby establishing a systemic, cultural perception of reality. Verbal speech thus enables visual speech to disassociate itself from the immediate reality and to establish a generalized and reflective appreciation of visible reality that allows for creative action. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1983 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 57. Author: Dodd, Barbara. Affiliation: MRC Developmental Psychology Unit, London, England. Title: Interaction of auditory and visual information in speech perception. Source: British Journal of Psychology, 1980 Nov, v71 (n4):541-549. 27 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Human Information Storage. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Deaf. Blind. Lipreading. School Age Children. Adolescents. Population terms: Human. Child. Adolescent. Key phrase: Stored auditory vs visual information, unimodal speech perception, prelingually deaf vs hearing & congenitally blind vs sighted 9-15 yr olds. Abstract: Two experiments investigated the role of stored auditory and visual information for unimodal speech perception tasks. Results of Exp I with 12 prelingually deaf 14-15 yr olds and 12 hearing 9-11 yr olds show that hearing Subjects performed better than deaf Subjects on a lip-reading task, possibly because they could supplement lip-read stimuli with stored information derived from the auditory modality. Exp II with 10 congenitally blind 11-15 yr olds and 16 sighted 9-10 yr olds demonstrated that sighted Subjects did not use stored visual information to supplement an auditory input when deleting mispronunciations, since their performance did not differ from that of blind Subjects. The processing of visual (lip-read) information in speech perception is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1981 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 58. Author: Erber, Norman P. Affiliation: Central Inst for the Deaf, St Louis, MO. Title: Auditory-visual perception of speech with reduced optical clarity. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1979 Jun, v22 (n2):212-223. 25 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Partially Hearing Impaired. Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Lipreading. Speech Perception. Illusions (Perception). Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Optical distortion, visual & auditory-visual perception of speech, normal adults vs hearing impaired children. Abstract: Optical cues for visual and auditory-visual (AV) perception of speech were varied by placing a sheet of rough-surfaced Plexiglas between talker and lipreader and systematically changing the distance between Plexiglas and talker. In 3 studies with 2 normal-hearing adults and 14 hearing-impaired children, speech (words, sentences) was presented live under different degrees of optical distortion, and observers attempted to identify the stimuli. Visual-alone (lipreading) scores dropped abruptly to the chance level as Plexiglas distance (blurring) was increased. AV scores were relatively high for clear conditions but diminished gradually as Plexiglas distance was increased. Under extremely poor optical conditions, AV scores reached a plateau. This is seen as an instance of auditory perception without meaningful optical cues for speech. Results parallel those of previous acoustic studies that compared auditory with AV perception of speech as a function of signal-to-noise ratio or sensation level and demonstrated a reciprocal aspect of optical and acoustic cues for speech perception. Optical distortion seems to have potential as a technique to shift attention of hearing-impaired observers to nondominant acoustic cues during AV perception of speech. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1980 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 59. Author: Shoop, Cynthia; Binnie, C. A. Affiliation: Purdue U, West Lafayette. Title: The effects of age upon the visual perception of speech. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1979, v8 (n1):3-8. 11 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Visual Perception. Sentence Comprehension. Syllables. Age Differences. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Age, visual perception of speech for CV syllables vs sentences, 40-87 yr olds with normal hearing & vision. Abstract: 110 middle-aged and geriatric Subjects (aged 40-87 yrs) with normal hearing and vision were selected from the general population to compare visual performance for CV syllables and sentences. Results reveal that above age 70, age was a factor affecting visual perception of syllables. Subjects above 70 had the poorest speechreading scores and were inconsistent in viseme categorization. Results of a comparison of speechreading scores for sentences and syllables revealed a greater number of differences among sentences. Only Subjects between 40 and 60 yrs of age received statistically similar mean scores when presented with common sentences. Using a linear regression model, it was found that sentence speechreading performance could be accurately predicted from the CV syllable score within a range of accuracy of +-9.7%. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1980 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 60. Author: MacDonald, John; McGurk, Harry. Affiliation: U Surrey, England. Title: Visual influences on speech perception processes. Source: Perception & Psychophysics, 1978 Sep, v24 (n3):253-257. 12 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Lipreading. Visual Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual observation of speaker's lip movements, modification of natural speech perception, normally hearing Subjects. Abstract: Results of an experiment with 44 university students confirm and extend H. McGurk and J. McDonald's (1976) observation that visual information from the speaker's lip movements profoundly modifies the auditory perception of natural speech by normally hearing Subjects. The effect was most pronounced when there was auditory information for a bilabial utterance combined with visual information for a nonlabial utterance. However, the effect was also obtained with the reverse combination, although to a lesser extent. These findings are considered for their relevance to auditory theories of speech perception. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1980 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 61. Author: Brackup, Ellen S.; Knopf, Irwin J. Affiliation: Emory U. Title: The effects of extraneous speech on visual vigilance performance of children. Source: Child Development, 1978 Jun, v49 (n2):505-508. 16 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Intersensory Processes. Vigilance. Visual Perception. Distraction. Auditory Stimulation. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Continuous vs intermittent vs reverse vs silent background conversations, visual vigilance task performance, 1st grade males. Abstract: 60 1st-grade boys performed a 30-min visual vigilance task under 5 conditions of auditory background stimulation: (a) continuous conversation, in which Subjects listened to a tape of conversation spliced so that there were no intervals of silence lasting longer than 3 sec; (b) continuous reverse, in which Subjects heard the continuous conversation tape played in reverse; (c) intermittent conversation, in which Subjects heard alternating segments of conversation and silence; (d) intermittent reverse, in which Subjects heard alternating segments of reverse conversation and silence; and (e) silence control. Compared with silence or continuous stimulation, intermittent stimulation produced better detection regardless of whether or not it was meaningful. High achievers made more correct detections than low achievers, but only in the 2nd and 3rd time periods. Few Subjects made errors of commission. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1979 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 62. Author: Steele, Joyce A.; Binnie, Carl A.; Cooper, William A. Affiliation: Restorative Services Inc, Indianapolis, IN. Title: Combining auditory and visual stimuli in the adaptive testing of speech discrimination. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1978 May, v43 (n2):115-122. 15 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Audiometry. Auditory Discrimination. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Combined auditory & visual stimuli in adaptive testing of speech discrimination, normal adults. Abstract: Investigated the feasibility of using both auditory and visual stimuli in the adaptive testing of speech discrimination. 36 adults (mean age 22 yrs, 5 mo) with normal hearing and vision were Subjects. Using the adaptive methodology known as the Doublet technique, speech-discrimination testing using monosyllabic word lists from the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) was performed at the target levels of 29.3 and 70.7% for both auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. Results indicate that a specific discrimination score could be obtained under more adverse listening conditions with the addition of visual cues. The contribution of visual cues was constant for the 2 target scores. The adaptive techninque at the 29.3 and 70.7% targets was reliable for both the auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. Constant level testing showed good agreement with the adaptive technique for the auditory-visual condition. In conclusion, the use of standard error calculations is useful in determining measurement errors and the effects of an aural rehabilitation program. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1979 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 63. Author: Williams, Ederyn. Affiliation: U London University Coll, Communications Studies Group, England. Title: Visual interaction and speech patterns: An extension of previous results. Source: British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 1978 Feb, v17 (n1):101-102. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Conversation. Speech Pauses. Speech Rhythm. Experimental Replication. Closed Circuit Television. Auditory Perception. Speech Characteristics. Visual Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Audio vs video vs face-to-face conversation, speech synchronization, experimental replication. Abstract: Used data from an earlier experiment by the author (1975) to replicate previous studies showing that speech synchronization differs between the media (audio, video, and face-to-face). However, it appears that explanations couched purely in terms of the functions of visual nonverbal cues are inadequate; the major differences were not between vision and no-vision conditions. More complex explanations (e.g., in terms of social processes) are necessary. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1979 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 64. Author: Rutter, D. R. Affiliation: U Warwick, Coventry, England. Title: Visual interaction and speech patterning in remitted and acute schizophrenic patients. Source: British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 1977 Nov, v16 (n4):357-361. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Conversation. Verbal Meaning. Eye Contact. Speech Characteristics. Symptom Remission. Acute Schizophrenia. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Conversation about neutral vs personal topic, visual interaction & speech patterning, remitted vs acute schizophrenics. Abstract: Previous research has suggested that schizophrenic patients sometimes show abnormal patterns of visual interaction and speech. The present study was designed for 2 purposes: to examine the behavior of remitted patients, and to follow up a suggestion that acute patients show abnormalities only in personal encounters. Three groups of Subjects--10 remitted schizophrenic patients, 10 acute schizophrenic patients, and a control group of 10 psychiatrically normal patients--took part. Each Subject held 2 conversations with a nurse, one about a personal topic and one about a neutral topic. Unexpectedly, results show that the remitted and acute groups both behaved normally in both conversations. Taken together with previous evidence, the findings confirm that acute schizophrenic patients respond situation-specifically and sometimes behave normally, but no further interpretation of the data is possible since the manipulation of the topic did not have the expected effects. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1978 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 65. Author: Tsvetkova, L. S.; Kuznetsova, T. M. Affiliation: Moscow U, USSR. Title: The role of visual image and perception in speech development of children with speech pathology. Source: Journal of Special Education, 1977 Fall, v11 (n3):355-367. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Disorders. Visual Perception. Imagery. Speech Development. Memory. Preschool Age Children. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Visual image & perception, speech development, 4-9 yr olds with speech pathology. Abstract: It is assumed that in children with various speech pathologies the naming function can be underdeveloped because of defects in the word's gnostic base. The present study with 125 4-9 yr old children revealed impairment in visual memory, perception, and visual representations of an object only in children with speech difficulties, whereas these functions were preserved in normal children of the same age. The children suffering from severe speech disorders (and particularly from naming difficulties) revealed more defect in visual perception and representations than in visual operational memory, which was grossly distorted in children with intellectual inadequacies. In this group, however, visual perception was impaired to a lesser degree. These results form the basis for methodological recommendations to begin rehabilitation of naming with development of the gnostic sphere. (This article was translated from the Russian by I. Z. Holowinsky at Rutgers University.) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1978 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 66. DISSERTATION Author: Boyer, Lester L. Affiliation: U California, Berkeley. Title: Impact of visual cues on speech perception in conference centers. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1977 Mar, v37 (n9-A):5403. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Visual Perception. Architecture. Illumination. Public Speaking. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speaker-listener distance & illumination of speaker, speech intelligibility in conference rooms. 67. DISSERTATION Author: Fein, George. Affiliation: City U New York. Title: The effect of a competing visual information-processing task on the temporal characteristics of spontaneous speech. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1976 Dec, v37 (n6-B):3109. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Verbal Communication. Speech Characteristics. Cognitive Processes. Intersensory Processes. Visual Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Competing visual information, temporal characteristics of spontaneous speech. 68. Author: Schiavetti, Nicholas; Burke, John P. Affiliation: New York U. Title: Influence of auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimulus presentation methods on estimates of transition probability in speech. Source: Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1976 Dec, v43 (n3):1335-1338. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Stimulus Presentation Methods. Verbal Communication. Written Language. Verbal Meaning. Contextual Associations. Sentences. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Auditory vs visual vs audio-visual stimulus presentation method, estimation of transition probability in speech, college students. Abstract: Compared estimates of transition probability derived from auditory, visual, and audiovisual presentations of stimulus material (40 simple conversational sentences). Results for 3 groups of 100 college students (each tested on one mode of presentation) were highly correlated. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1977 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 69. DISSERTATION Author: Estes, Rex W. Affiliation: Brigham Young U. Title: A comparison of subject matter learned and retained by high school science students given a simultaneous audio-visual presentation and two unitary audio-visual presentations using compressed speech. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1976 Jan, v36 (n7-A):4345-4346. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Retention. High School Students. Compressed Speech. Academic Achievement. Teaching Methods. Educational Audiovisual Aids. Population terms: Human. Adolescent. Key phrase: Simultaneous audiovisual presentation vs 2 unitary audiovisual presentations using compressed speech, subject matter learned & retained, high school science students. 70. DISSERTATION Author: Mignerey, Joan M. Affiliation: Michigan State U. Title: The relationship of rates of language processing using aural and visual modalities: Listening comprehension of time-compressed speech and reading comprehension using speeded reading. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1975 Sep, v36 (n3-A):1418-1419. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Listening Comprehension. Reading Comprehension. College Students. Compressed Speech. Reading Speed. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Listening comprehension of time compressed speech, reading comprehension using speeded reading, junior college students enrolled in speed reading. 71. Author: Berry, Robert A.; Knight, Robert E. Affiliation: VA Hosp, Salem, VA. Title: Auditory versus audio-visual intelligibility measurements of alaryngeal speech: A preliminary report. Source: Perceptual & Motor Skills, 1975 Jun, v40 (n3):915-918. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Laryngeal Disorders. Stimulus Presentation Methods. Military Veterans. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Audiovisual vs auditory presentation of esophageal speech, speech intelligibility rating of male 43-69 yr old laryngectomized veterans, college students. Abstract: Asked 32 university students to rate the intelligibility of speech produced by 4 male 43-69 yr old laryngectomized veterans. Results support the notion that audiovisual presentations of esophageal speech yield a relative increase in rated intelligibility in contrast with esophageal speech presented auditorily. Results imply that to construct realistic therapeutic goals of an esophageal speaker more effectively, the audiovisual component should be included in the clinical assessment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1975 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 72. Author: Tudor, Carole; Selley, Wilfred G. Affiliation: U Exeter, Inst of Biometry & Community Medicine, England. Title: A palatal training appliance and a visual aid for use in the treatment of hypernasal speech: A preliminary report. Source: British Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1974 Oct, v9 (n2):117-122. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Therapy. Physical Treatment Methods. Apparatus. Dysarthria. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Palatal training appliance & visual aid, hypernasal speech treatment. 73. Author: Erber, Norman P. Affiliation: Central Inst. for the Deaf, St. Louis, Mo. Title: Visual perception of speech by deaf children: Recent developments and continuing needs. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 1974 May, v39 (n2):178-185. 44 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Deaf. Visual Perception. Speech Perception. Special Education. School Age Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Visual perception of speech, role of lipreading in oral education, deaf children, review. Abstract: Posits that 2 main groups of children attend schools for the deaf: the severely hearing-impaired, who can learn to use low-frequency cues in a nearly normal way; and the profoundly deaf, who perceive only gross patterns of amplified speech through vibrotactile receptors in their ears. Improvements in early oral-aural education now allow many severely hearing-impaired and some profoundly deaf children to enter schools for the normally hearing before about age 10. Most children who remain in oral schools for the deaf beyond this age are profoundly deaf-those who rely primarily on lipreading for speech comprehension. Communication through lipreading is, therefore, an important factor in the successful oral education of profoundly deaf children. Recent studies have described several variables which limit the visual intelligibility of speech, but also have suggested some ways in which speech and language learning through lipreading may be enhanced. Lipreading research is reviewed from the point of view of educating deaf children, and a rationale is provided for continued study of visual perception of speech. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1974 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 74. Author: Erber, Norman P. Affiliation: Central Inst. for the Deaf, St. Louis, Mo. Title: Effects of angle, distance, and illumination on visual reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1974 Mar, v17 (n1):99-112. 25 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Deaf. Lipreading. Illumination. Spatial Orientation (Perception). Visual Perception. Distance Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Stimulus angle & illumination & distance lipreading, 13-16 yr old profoundly deaf children. Abstract: 2 adult females presented lists of 240 common nouns to 11 13-16 yr old profoundly deaf children. Lipreading performance was measured under several conditions of speaker angle, light-incidence angle, illumination, and distance. The best visual word-recognition scores were obtained for 0 or 45. horizontal observation angles. For viewing angles within the range of 0-45., the smaller the distance between the speaker and the lipreader, the greater was the visual intelligibility. Minor variations in vertical viewing angle had little effect on lipreading performance. Within the 0-45. range of horizontal viewing angles, illumination conditions which shadowed the speaker's oral cavity (overhead lighting) lowered mean lipreading performance 3-12% below that which was obtained for 0 or +45. angles of light incidence. With frontal illumination of the speaker, a large reduction in facial luminance produced only a 13% decrement in visual intelligibility. Under conditions of high background brightness, however, a reduction in facial luminance from 30 to 3 ft-L produced a mean decrement of 41%. Data suggest that visual communication in classrooms for deaf children can be enhanced by positioning teachers so that they face the windows as they speak and by compressing the pattern of pupils' desks so that all children can observe their teacher from favorable angles. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1974 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 75. Author: Podmaryeva, N. L. Affiliation: USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Inst of Defektology, Moscow. Title: (The comparative discriminability of elements of speech during auditory and visual perception.). Source: Defektologiya, 1974 (n3 1):4-18. Language: Russian. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Deaf. Lipreading. Auditory Discrimination. Visual Discrimination. Syllables. Sentences. Words (Phonetic Units). Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Comparative discriminability of elements of speech during auditory vs visual perception, deaf adult lipreading experts, implications for teaching lipreading. Abstract: Ascertained the discriminability of various elements of spoken language when perceived visually by deaf Subjects. Five deaf adult lip-reading experts were shown sounds, syllables, words, and sentences. Mean discriminability scores were as follows: sounds 38.1%, syllables 4.2%, words 26.0%, and sentences 70.2%. The largest intra-Subject variability was found for syllables, perhaps because there are more syllables than sound from which to choose. The smallest intra-Subject variability was found for sentences, although there are more possible sentences than syllables. It is suggested that the stability of a Subject's performance with sentences is due to counteractivity. Discriminability of the various elements of speech during visual perception was compared with their discriminability under auditory presentation (collection of the latter data is not described). It is concluded that, since the visual discriminability of sounds, syllables, and words is low even for expert lip-readers, in teaching lipreading the emphasis should not be on differentiating the phonetic elements of speech, but on mobilizing the perceiver's counteractivity. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1976 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 76. Author: Nielsen, H. Birk, ed.; Kampp, E., ed. Affiliation: Bispebjerg Hosp, State Hearing Ctr, Copenhagen, Denmark. Title: Visual and audio-visual perception of speech. Source: Scandinavian Audiology, 1974 Suppl, v4:290. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Educational Audiovisual Aids. Speech Perception. Visual Perception. Lipreading. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Prevention. Key phrase: Visual & audiovisual speech perception, hearing disorders, papers from 6th Danavox Symposium in Denmark. Abstract: Presents papers from the Sixth Danavox Symposium held in Denmark in 1974. Among the topics discussed are auditory and audiovisual speech perception related to hearing disorders, visual perception of speech by deaf children, lipreading with visual and tactual aids, construction and evaluation of an audiovisual test (the Helen test), and auditory and visual contributions to the perception of English consonants for normal and hearing-impaired listeners. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1976 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 77. DISSERTATION Author: Clouser, Richard A. Affiliation: Pennsylvania State U. Title: Relationships between visual speech reception and linguistic features of sentences. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1973 Oct, v34 (n4-B):1359-1360. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Aurally Handicapped. Lipreading. Sentence Structure. Linguistics. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Vowel-consonant ratio & lexical density & sentence length, visual speech reception, normal vs hearing impaired 17-20 yr olds. 78. Author: Tzavaras, A.; Merienne, L.; Masure, M.-C. Affiliation: INSERM, Paris, France. Title: (Loss of visual recognition, amnesia, and speech disorders in patients with left temporal lesions.). Source: Encephale, 1973 Jul-Aug, v62 (n4):382-394. Language: French. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Temporal Lobe. Brain Damaged. Amnesia. Speech Disorders. Thought Disturbances. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Development of speech disorder & amnesia & visual recognition of human faces, patients with left temporal lobe lesions. Abstract: Discusses a syndrome presenting in its 1st period severe speech disorder and loss of memory, especially of facial recognition. Several months later, amnesia for human faces has become markedly pronounced. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1975 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 79. Author: Velmans, Max. Affiliation: Goldsmiths Coll., U. London, England. Title: Speech imitation in simulated deafness, using visual cues and "recoded" auditory information. Source: Language & Speech, 1973 Jul, v16 (n3):224-236. 30 references. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Auditory Stimulation. Articulation (Speech). Visual Stimulation. Imitation (Learning). Deaf. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual cues provided by articulatory movements & recoded auditory information from frequency transposer device, judged-match imitation responses to spoken nonsense syllables, normal hearing Subjects. Abstract: Tested a technique for simulation of deafness and its alleviation by a new "frequency transposition" device. The effects of visual cues (provided by the E's articulatory movements) and of recoded auditory information (provided by the frequency transposer) on the ability of 16 normally hearing Subjects to make a judged-match imitation response to spoken nonsense syllables were evaluated. Results show significant improvement in imitation (when visual cues were provided) of both manner and place of articulation of certain fricative, sibilant, and stop consonants, together with overall imitation scores. Results support the conclusion that Subjects, although untrained in lipreading, had a well developed ability to integrate auditory and visual speech information. The improved imitation of both manner and place of articulation brought about by recoding the speech signal supports the hypothesis that the recoding technique would produce a signal sufficiently speech-like to be used by the ear-brain system, and would therefore be useful in the rehabilitation of the perceptively deaf. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1974 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 80. Author: Greenfield, Patricia M. Affiliation: Stanford U. Title: Playing peekaboo with a four-month-old: A study of the role of speech and nonspeech sounds in the formation of a visual schema. Source: Journal of Psychology, 1972 Nov, v82 (n2):287-298. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Attention. Auditory Stimulation. Visual Stimulation. Smiles. Verbal Communication. Mother Child Relations. Infants. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Speech cues vs. silence & mother vs. inanimate object, peekaboo game response & smiling, 4 mo. old boy. Abstract: Investigated the role of auditory signals in general, and speech in particular, in structuring the visual attention of a 4-mo-old baby boy. The 1st study involved the typical sort of peekaboo game, in which mother disappeared and reappeared. The baby's response to reappearance was compared under 2 conditions: in 1 condition the word "peekaboo," said with the bright intonation normal to the game, accompanied reappearance; in the 2nd condition, reappearance occurred in silence. The 2nd study was designed to compare the effectiveness of speech and nonspeech auditory signals in structuring a response to the game, and determine whether the pattern of response differed when an inanimate object, rather than a human being, disappeared and reappeared. A consistent smiling response to reappearance appeared 1st under the speech condition in both studies. In the absence of speech cues, it was more difficult to establish a consistent response to inanimate objects than to the mother. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1973 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 81. DISSERTATION Author: Fehr, Jo A. Affiliation: Marquette U. Title: The relationships between certain sentence structure variations of transformational-generative grammar and the comprehension of visual speech by selected university students. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1972 Jul, v33 (n1-A):206. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Sentence Structure. Transformational Generative Grammar. Verbal Communication. Speech Perception. Special Education. Aurally Handicapped. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Sentence structure variations of transformational-generative grammar, comprehension of visual speech & implications for curriculum planning in hearing rehabilitation, college students. 82. Author: Erber, Norman P. Affiliation: Central Inst. for the Deaf, St. Louis, Mo. Title: Effects of distance on the visual reception of speech. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1971 Dec, v14 (n4):848-857. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Lipreading. Speech Characteristics. Deaf. Children. Population terms: Human. Child. Key phrase: Distance from speaker & stress patterns, visual reception of speech, profoundly deaf children. Abstract: 2 trained female talkers with normal hearing and speech presented with voice 240 common nouns (80 monosyllables, 80 trochees, 80 spondees) to 6 profoundly deaf children whose task was to lipread without acoustic cues at distances from 5-100 ft. Under bright, shadow-free illumination, lipreading performance diminished from 75% correct at 5 ft. to 11% correct at 100 ft. Stress patterns of the stimulus words influenced their intelligibility, with scores decreasing from spondees to trochees to monosyllables. In a supplementary study, 1 talker presented 2 tests of phoneme recognition to the same 6 deaf Subjects whose task was to lipread from 5, 20, or 70 ft. Identification of consonants in vowel-consonant-vowel context depended on their place of articulation (front superior to back) and on the surrounding vowel. Vowel-identification scores were less dependent on distance than were consonant-identification scores. In general, tense (stressed) vowels were more easily identified than were lax (unstressed) vowels. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1973 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 83. Author: Ewertsen, H. W.; Nielsen, H. Birk. Affiliation: State Hearing Rehabilitation Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark. Title: A comparative analysis of the audiovisual, auditive and visual perception of speech. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1971 Sep, v72 (n3):201-205. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Age Differences. Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Speech Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Audiovisual & auditive & visual perception of speech, age, normal hearing 20 & 50 & 70 yr. olds. Abstract: Reports the 1st part of a long-term study. According to examinations of 30 20-, 50-, and 70-yr-old normal hearing Subjects in 3 groups of 10 Subjects each, perception of speech in noise was found to deteriorate with age, whether determined on the basis of audition alone or on audition + vision. Test material was comprised of lists of Danish phonetically balanced test words. Signal to noise ratios of -20, -10, 0, and +10 db. were used in auditory tests. The capacity to perceive purely visual speech was least satisfactory among Subjects in the 70-yr-old age group. A comparison of the purely visual perception of speech and the audiovisual perception indicates that there is some correlation between the 2. Audiovisual results are more reliabily reproduced than the auditive ones, thereby indicating that the selection of hearing aids should be incorporated into the audiovisual test situation in noise. With a view to the further advances in the testing of audiovisual speech perception, the requirement must be an elaboration of a stimulus word material, which makes equal allowance for the auditive, audiovisual, and visual perception. (German summary) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1972 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 84. Author: Popelka, Gerald R.; Berger, Kenneth W. Affiliation: U. Kentucky, Clinic of Communicative Disorders. Title: Gestures and visual speech reception. Source: American Annals of the Deaf, 1971 Aug, v116 (n4):434-436. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Visual Perception. Nonverbal Communication. Verbal Communication. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Gestures & visual speech reception, college students with normal hearing & vision. Abstract: 60 university students with normal hearing and vision received 30 6-word sentences by vision alone under 1 of 6 conditions: no gestures, inappropriate discrete gestures, inappropriate continuous gestures, appropriate discrete gestures, or appropriate continuous gestures. Correct responses to words increased from 50-70 with appropriate gestures and decreased to 25 with inappropriate gestures. It is concluded that appropriate gestures significantly enhance speech-reading performance and that inappropriate gestures reduce performance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1972 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 85. Author: Sanders, Derek A.; Goodrich, Sharon J. Affiliation: State U. New York, Buffalo. Title: The relative contribution of visual and auditory components of speech to speech intelligibility as a function of three conditions of frequency distortion. Source: Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 1971 Mar, v14 (n1):154-159. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Discrimination. Vision. Auditory Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech discrimination, visual & auditory presentation modes & frequency distortion. Abstract: Tested 10 male and 10 female normal-hearing undergraduates to establish speech discrimination scores under 3 conditions of sensory input and 4 conditions of frequency filtering. Phonetically balanced monosyllabic words were presented by (a) vision alone, (b) audition alone, and (c) vision and audition combined. The frequency spectrum of the speech sample was varied by a filter system to produce the following approximate band widths: (a) unfiltered, (b) 400 Hz. low pass, (c) 1800 Hz. high pass, and (d) 400-2200 Hz. band pass. Results indicate that the mode of presentation, frequency filter band widths, and Mode of Presentation * Frequency Filter Band Widths interaction, all effect speech discrimination. Greater dependency on visual clues was evidenced as auditory distortion increased. Data were significant at the .01 level of confidence. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1972 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 86. Author: Colegate, Robert L.; Eriksen, Charles W. Affiliation: U. Illinois. Title: Implicit speech as an encoding mechanism in visual perception. Source: American Journal of Psychology, 1970 Jun, v83 (n2):208-215. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Verbal Communication. Visual Perception. Words (Phonetic Units). Memory. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Information. Key phrase: Visual perception, implicit speech as encoding mechanism. Abstract: Anticipated that 12 undergraduates using 1-syllable responses could encode more information from a rapidly decaying icon than those using 3-syllable responses. 3 or 6 nonsense forms were simultaneously presented in a tachistoscopic exposure. 1 group of Subjects had previously learned 1-syllable names for the nonsense forms; and another group, 3-syllable names. At temporal intervals after termination of the display that were too long for iconic storage to persist, a probe designated the location of 1 of the elements in the display and Subject reported what nonsense form had been in this location. The 1-syllable response group was found to have encoded significantly more information from the display. However, the superiority of the 1-syllable response group was not as large as would be expected from the differences in duration of implicitly speaking a 1- as opposed to a 3-syllable response. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1971 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 87. DISSERTATION Author: Boyle, Virginia A. Affiliation: George Peabody Coll. for Teachers. Title: Visual stimulation and comprehension of compressed speech. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1970 May, v30 (n11-B):5221. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Stimulation. Comprehension. Auditory Perception. Population terms: Human. Adult. General terms: Ability. Key phrase: Listening comprehension of compressed speech & visual stimulation, 5th graders. 88. DISSERTATION Author: Worsham, John W. Affiliation: Texas Technological Coll. Title: An investigation of effective visual speech reception: Its relationship to personality variables, sex, intelligence, and conditionability. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1970 Feb, v30 (n8-B):3858-3859. Language: English. Subject: Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual speech reception, personality traits & mother-child relationship & sex & intelligence differences & conditionability, college students. 89. DISSERTATION Author: Minear, David J. Affiliation: U. Colorado. Title: The effects of peripheral visual disturbance on speech and language behavior in aphasic adults. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, 1970, v30 (n10-B):4832. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Brain Damage. Reading Disabilities. Neurology. Visually Handicapped. Speech Disorders. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Peripheral visual disturbance, speech & language behavior, aphasic adults. 90. Author: Ewertsen, H. W.; Nielsen, H. Birk; Nielsen, S. Scott. Affiliation: Bispebjerg Hosp., Copenhagen, Denmark. Title: Audio-visual speech perception: A preliminary report. Source: Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 1969 (Jun Suppl. 263):229-230. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Auditory Perception. Visual Perception. Deaf. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speech perception, auditory vs. visual vs. audio-visual presentation, hearing disordered patients. Abstract: Varied independently 2 parameters (picture and sound level) by means of a video-recorder connected to a speech audiometer and a television set. The communication score of 100 hearing disordered patients was found in relation to the visual perception, to the auditive perception, and to a combination of both. In Subjects with medium lipreading ability, there was a fairly good correlation between this ability and the reduction of their hearing loss measured in decibels. A small group seemed to have a special capacity of combining vision and hearing. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1971 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 91. Author: Weber, Robert J.; Bach, Michael. Affiliation: Oklahoma State U. Title: Visual and speech imagery. Source: British Journal of Psychology, 1969, v60 (n2):199-202. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Time Estimation. Time Perception. Imagery. Vision. Verbal Communication. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Visual vs. speech imagery, processing time. Abstract: 33 undergraduates processed the alphabet in 1 of 3 conditions: visual imagery (VI), in which Subjects visualized letters appearing 1 at a time; speech imagery (SI) in which Subjects said letters implicitly or silently; and a control condition speech explicit (SE) in which letters were said aloud. Conditions SE and SI produced virtually identical processing times (about 6.5 letters/sec) while VI was slower (about 2.5 letters/sec). No consistent practice effects were observed over trials. In addition, each Subject subjectively localized (in his head) the origin of the letter processing. Some notable differences were obtained, with the VI Subjects indicating a more frontal localization than the others. It is suggested that imagery may follow different laws in different modalities. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1969 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 92. Author: Tsukerman, I. V. Affiliation: Inst. of Defectology, Moscow, USSR. Title: Speed of perception of different forms of speech information in the normal state and in the case of auditory or visual impairment. Source: Defektologiya, 1969, v1 (n3):23-29. Language: Undetermined. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Speech Perception. Deaf. Blind. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Speed of perception of oral speech & printed text & Braille texts & speech codes, normals & deaf & blind. Abstract: Based on the data of the literature and the author's own research, presents a comparative study of the speed of perception of various kinds of "speech information" in English and Russian, including those forms which are "usual for people with impairment of hearing and sight." Examined are the speed of perception of: (a) oral speech, the printed text, and certain other "codes" by normal Subjects; (b) "various speech codes mutilizedy by the deaf"; and (c) Braille texts and oral speech by the blind. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1970 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 93. Author: Bel'tyukov, V. I.; Markina, E. A. Affiliation: Inst. of Defectology, Moscow, USSR. Title: Transformation of speech sounds into visual symbols. Source: Defektologiya, 1969, v1 (n2):68-75. Language: Undetermined. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Special Education. Deaf. Vision. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Transformation of speech sounds into visual symbols as lipreading substitute, deaf children. Abstract: Presents the results of an experiment, involving training and control stages, on the ability of deaf children to handle videograms, electronically transformed from speech sounds, as a substitute for lipreading. There were good results for the recognition of speech sounds by "visual symbols" recognition of vowels (97.8%); of consonants (78.5%). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1970 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 94. Author: Chesni, Y. Title: Parole Interieure Motrice-Kinesthesique et Schemes Verbaux Interieurs A6 Caractere Auditif: A Propos d'Une Aura Haullucinatoire Visuelle et Auditivo-Verbale avec Foyer Electrographique Temporal Anterieur Droit Chez Une Malade Droitiere. Internal Motor-Kinesthetic Speech and Internal Verbal Patterns of an Auditory Nature: Apropos of an Auditory-Verbal and Visual Hallucinatory Aura with Electrographic Mapping of Right Anterior Temporal Area of A Right-Handed Patient. Source: Annales Medico-Psychologiques, 1967, v1 (n4):601. Language: English. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Electroencephalography. Hallucinations. Lateral Dominance. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Right Anterior Temporal Area, Auditory + Visual Hallucination, Right Handed Patient. Abstract: A RIGHT-HANDED PATIENT WHO COMPLAINED OF DIGESTIVE PROBLEMS AND FLASH VISUAL AND VERBAL HAULLUCINATIONS, CRISES WHICH RARELY CULMINATED IN CONVULSIONS, WAS STUDIED. EEG OBSERVATIONS WERE OBTAINED OF WAVES AND WAVE POINTS IN THE RIGHT ANTERIOR TEMPORAL REGION, AND FROM AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE AT THE RIGHT POSTERIOR TEMPORAL LEVEL. ON THE BASIS OF FINDINGS, THE EXISTENCE OF 2 TYPES OF INTERNAL SPEECH WAS HYPOTHESIZED AND DISTINGUISED: (1) HABITUAL, ACTIVE, VOLUNTARILY CONTROLLED, MOTOR-KINESTHETIC, WHOSE MECHANISMS COULD BE SUPERIMPOSED ON THE SPOKEN SPEECH; AND (2) SPEECH OBSERVABLE DURING SLEEP, DREAM STATES, HALLUCINATIONS OF AUDITORY NATURE AND ATTRIBUTED BY THE PATIENT TO OTHER PERSONS. (THIS REPORT WAS PRESENTED AT THE SOCIE1TE1 ME1DICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUE MEETING ON MARCH 20, 1967.) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1967 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). 95. Author: Shaabdurasulova, M. N. Affiliation: Moscow State Pedagogical Inst., Ussr. Title: Study of Visual Perception of Uzbek Speech. Source: Spetsial'naya Shkola, 1967 (n6):29-33. Language: Undetermined. Subject: Thesaurus terms: Special Education. Deaf. Aurally Handicapped. Partially Hearing Impaired. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Population terms: Human. Adult. Key phrase: Ussr, Lipreading Uzbek Speech. Abstract: A STUDY TO DETERMINE (1) WHICH SOUNDS OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE ARE SUFFICIENTLY DISTINGUISHABLE BY LIPREADING, AND (2) THE DEGREE OF DISTINGUISHABILITY OF THE VARIOUS SOUNDS. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1968 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved).