Goldschen
Goldschen Goldschen, Alan J (1993) Continuous Automatic Speech Recognition by Lipreading, Ph.D. Dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., September 1993.This study describes the design and implementation of a novel continuous speech recognizer that uses optical information from the oral-cavity shadow [...]
Watanabe and Kohda
Watanabe & Kohda Watanabe, T. & Kohda, M. (1990) Lip-reading of Japanese vowels using neural networks.
Tamura
Tamura Shinichi Tamura is currently working at Morooka Orthopedic Hospital at Seimeikai Medical Corporation. He attended Kyushu Electric Technology vocational college from 1989 – 1991, with an interest in focusing on AV equipment. Shinichi matriculated from the College of Electrical [...]
Bregler
Bregler Bregler, C., Hild, H., Manke, S., & Waibel, A. (1993) Improving connected letter recognition by lipreading. Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (IEEE-ICASSP), Minneapolis, MN.In this paper we show how recognition performance in automated [...]
NTT
NTT Akimoto, T., Suenega, Y., & Wallace, R.S. (1993) Automatic creation of 3D facial models. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 13, 5, 16-22. Mase, K. (1990). An application of optical flow – extraction of facial expression. IAPR Workshop on Machine [...]
Stork
Stork Dr. Daniel Stork obtained a B.S. degree in Physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a M.S. in Physics from the University of Maryland, College Park. He matriculated from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1984 with [...]
Petajan
Petajan Brooke, N.M. & Petajan E.D. (1986), Seeing Speech : Investigations into the Synthesis and Recognition of Visible Speech Movements Using Automatic Image Processing and Computer Graphics, Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Input and Output : Techniques and [...]
Finn
Finn Dr. Kathleen E. Finn is an expert in video media and optically based speech recognition theory. She matriculated with a Ph.D. from Georgetown University in 1986, with a thesis titled An Investigation of Visible Lip Information to be Used [...]
Vroomen
Vroomen Vroomen, J.M.H. (1992) Hearing Voices and Seeing Lips Ph.D. Dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Brabant.
Braida
Braida Braida L.D. (1991) Crossmodal integration in the identification of consonant segments. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. a, Human Experimental Psychology, 43(3), 647-77.Although speechreading can be facilitated by auditory or tactile supplements, the process that integrates cues across modalities is [...]
R Campbell
R Campbell Campbell, R. (1986) The lateralisation of lipread sounds: A first look. Brain and Cognition, 5, 1-21. Campbell, R. (1987) The cerebral lateralization of lip-reading. In B. Dodd and R. Campbell (Eds.) Hearing by eye: The psychology of lip-reading. [...]
HW Campbell
HW Campbell Campbell, H. W. (1970) Hierarchical ordering of phonetic features as a function of input modality. In G.B. Flores d’Arcais and W. J. M. Levelt (Eds.) Advances in Psycholonguistics, Amsterdam: North-Holland. Campbell, H. W. (1974) Phoneme Recognition by Ear [...]
LE Bernstein
LE Bernstein Auer, E. T., Jr., & Bernstein, L. E. (1995). Lexical distinctiveness in lipreading: Effects of phoneme equivalence classes on the structure of the lexicon. Submitted for presentation at the Spring Meeting, Acoustical Society of America. Auer, E. T., [...]
Brooke
Brooke Brooke, N. M. (1989) Visible speech signals: Investigating their analysis, synthesis, and perception. In M. M. Taylor, F. Neel, & D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue. Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers. Brooke, N. M. (1992) Computer graphics [...]
Summerfield
Summerfield Brooke, N. M. & Summerfield, A. Q. (1983) Analysis, synthesis, and perception of visible articulatory movements. Journal of Phonetics, 11, 63-76. MacLeod A. & Summerfield A.Q. (1990) A procedure for measuring auditory and audio-visual speech-reception thresholds for sentences in [...]
McGurk and MacDonald
McGurk & MacDonald MacDonald, J. & McGurk, H. (1978) Visual influences on speech perception process. Perception and Psychophysics, 24, 253-257. McGurk, H. (1981). Listening with eye and ear (paper discussion). In T. Myers, J. Laver, & J. Anderson (Eds.) The [...]
Walden
Walden Walden B.E., Busacco D.A., & Montgomery A.A. (1993) Benefit from visual cues in auditory-visual speech recognition by middle-aged and elderly persons. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36(2), 431-6.The benefit derived from visual cues in auditory-visual speech recognition and [...]
Montgomery
Montgomery Finn, E.K. & Montgomery A.A. (1988) Automatic optically based recognition of speech, Pattern Recognition Letters, 8, 3, 159 – 164. Montgomery, A. A. (1980) Development of a model for generating synthetic animated lip shapes. Journal of the Acoustical Society [...]
Erber
Erber Erber, N. P. (1969) Interaction of audition and vision in the recognition of oral speech stimuli. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12, 423-425. Erber, N. P. (1972) Auditory, visual and auditory-visual recognition of consonants by children with normal [...]
John Bulwer
John Bulwer Bulwer, J. (1648) Philocopus, or the Deaf and Dumbe Mans Friend , London: Humphrey and Moseley.”Exhibiting the philosophical verity of that subtle art, which may enable one with an observant eye, to hear what any man speaks by [...]
